Also known as "broken grain", "broken grain", "broken grain", "suspended grain" and "broken grain". Taoism follows that people eat whole grains and accumulate feces in their intestines, which will produce foul smell and hinder the road to immortality. "Huang Ting Neijing" says: "The land of the hundred valleys eats fine food, evil spirits smell from the outside, and the sacred things of God are zero. So, how can we return to the baby from the old one? " (1) At the same time, there are three worms (three corpses) in the human body, and they live on this grain gas. With its existence, people have evil desires and cannot become immortals. Therefore, if you want to clear the dirty gas in the intestine and get rid of the three corpse worms, you must break the valley. Therefore, Taoism imitates the immortal behavior described in "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour", hoping to achieve the goal of becoming immortal.
Begging for grain originated in the pre-Qin period, and it was about the same time as qi-moving. The collection of etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties, The Core Monument of Yi Ming, said: "Carnivores are brave, food eaters are clever, gas eaters die as gods, and non-eaters die as gods." ② It is the earliest theoretical basis of Bigu. There are similar records in Huainanzi Dizhi. There are also examples in The World. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, a lone leopard in Lu lived in the mountains and drank streams. "I don't wear silk and hemp, I don't eat whole grains, and I still wear the color of a boy." He is the earliest practitioner of breaking the valley recorded in Historical Records. In 1973, among the silk books unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, there is an article "Going to the Valley to Eat Qi", which is the earliest extant work before the Han Dynasty. There is a cloud: "Those who go to the valley eat pyrrosia. ..... first, light feet, strong body. Then you can cook (blow) and see the benefits. " It means that when you first arrive in the valley, you often have top-heavy hunger, which must be overcome by "blowing". Here, the combination of Bi Gu and Hodge, like the deliberate combination of Hodge and Dao in Zhuangzi, seems to indicate the initial existence of these three technologies in the pre-Qin period, that is, their simultaneous appearance.
After the establishment of Taoism, many people inherited this technology and practiced the valley. According to the biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wang Zhen, an alchemist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was "broken for more than 200 years" (when it was the mistake of "Japan"-the note of the cited person), with beautiful meat and a horse and a horse, with several people. (4) The Biography of Fang Shu in the Later Han Dynasty records: "(Hao) Meng can save energy for five or ten years, including jujube stones without eating." ⑤ There is a story in Cao Zhi's On Tao about how to avoid the valley, saying that he tried to "bow his head and sleep together" and "never leave the valley for a hundred days, ... and walk happily". ⑥ Among the alchemists attracted by Cao Cao, Zuo Ci, Feng Junda, and Miss Lu all practiced breaking the valley. Ge Hong, a Taoist priest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, opposed the idea that one-way crossing the valley could lead to immortality (he advocated that the person who chooses magic should be Xi, especially the elixir). He believes that one-way crossing the valley can lead to immortality, which is a "one-sided theory" of practitioners, but he does not doubt the fitness and longevity effect of crossing the valley. He said in "Miscellaneous Answers in Bao Puzi": "The remainder is more than three years and two years, all of which are light in body and good in color." ⑦ Give a concrete example to prove that Shi Chun, a Taoist priest in the Three Kingdoms, often did not eat for a month or a hundred days when he was treating people with qi. Hearing this, Emperor Wu Jing became suspicious and said, "This is called taking medicine and asking people to prepare. In spring, I only ask for three or two liters of water. After more than a year, the color of spring is fresher and the strength is the same. " ⑧ "There is abundance, but you have to submit to humiliation, and you have broken the valley for three years. Watching them climb mountains and carry heavy loads, they are tireless all day long. " Pet-name ruby "Shu Wei Shi Lao Zhi", northern Wei Taoist Kouqian's excuse is that the old man gave him a recipe to guide the valley, and more than a dozen disciples got his skills. Donglai Taoist Wang lived in seclusion in Hanshan Mountain and was isolated from the world for more than 40 years. "Seven Signs of Yun Qi" has been published for five years. Sun Youyue "practiced calligraphy but took Guxian Pill for 67 years, and his face was light, moist and clean." AB's Biography of Southern History and Seclusion records that Deng Yu, a Taoist priest in Nanyue, "broke the valley for more than 30 years, only took water with mica tablets and recited the Great Cave Sutra day and night." AC Tao Hongjing "Good Guidance Valley". He has lived in seclusion for forty years, and he is still very capable in his eighties. " A.D. "Biography of Northern History and Seclusion" said that Xu Ze, a teacher of Chen Daoshi, "was a recluse, but he refused to collect cotton wool despite the cold winter". AE's Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: Biography of Seclusion records that Pan Shi, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, lived in Songshan Mountain for more than 20 years, "only drinking the water of pine leaves". AF's disciple, Sima Chengzhen, also inherited his skills of guidance and bait. According to the history of Song Dynasty, Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest in the early Song Dynasty, lived in Jiushiyan, Wudang Mountain. He "lived for more than 20 years, but he drank several cups every day". AG's Biography of Ji Fang in Song Dynasty records that Zhao Ziran "doesn't eat, but has a fresh air. Every time he smells fire and food, he vomits and only bears fruit, just a clear spring. " Chai Xuantong "over 100 years old, he is good at avoiding the valley and whistling, only drinking." Ah, history books and Taoist books are too numerous to mention. It can be seen that from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the technique of crossing the valley has been very popular in Taoism.
In the process of spreading and learning the art of crossing the valley, Taoist once wrote a monograph on crossing the valley, and discussed and expounded the methods of crossing the valley. "Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter and Prospect" records three volumes of Xiuliangjing.
A Brief Introduction to Tongzhi Medicine records one volume of Taiqing Broken Valley Method, one volume of Supreme Broken Gu Dao, one volume of Stopping Valley Prescription, one volume of Taiqing Classic Broken Valley Prescription and one volume of Stopping Kitchen Prescription (or pills). "Orthodox Taoist Classics" contains a lot. However, the contents contained in the book can be summarized into two categories: "persuading people to avoid the valley" and "taking medicine to avoid the valley".
(1) "Being persuaded to break the valley" means cooperating with being persuaded to break the valley, and on the basis of being persuaded, achieving the goal of breaking the valley through being persuaded. Specific statements vary, and some advocate that at the beginning of persuasion, you should drink one or two flax soup or crispy soup when you are hungry, or one or two glasses of wine, and only drink water when you are thirsty. Some people advocate gradually reducing food at the beginning of persuasion, reducing one mouthful a day to ten days. Some people advocate not forcing the valley, waiting for qigong to deepen, and naturally breaking the valley after three years. Specific methods can be found in all kinds of books about Qi, according to the chapter "Bao Puzi Miscellaneous Response", that is, the eating method of twelve o'clock Qi, the eating method of old star Qi, the eating method of six or five essence Qi and the eating method of thinking Qi.
(2) "Taking medicine to avoid food" means taking medicine instead of food. There are many prescriptions, such as taking beans, dates, flax (sesame), chestnuts, crisp, poria cocos, Polygonatum sibiricum, asparagus, ginseng, honey and so on. High nutrition, slow digestion, making into pill paste, and taking orally 1-2 instead of granules after crushing. One formula is high in nutrition and difficult to digest. After a full meal, it will definitely break down and can be used for a long time. Another is to eat rice and then support what you eat with medicine. It is said that it can break the valley for three years. Others use herbs to cook certain stones and eat them. For the specific prescription, please refer to Taiqing Meridian Breaking Valley Method and Yun Qi Seven-Mega Prescription Pharmacy.
Historical records show that there are so many people crossing the valley for months, years or even decades, which is inevitably exaggerated, but it is not purely false. 198865438+1October 7, the third edition of People's Daily, with the title "Macheng peasant girls can't speak and act freely for ten years", reported that Xiong Ruoding, a 25-year-old girl from Yuexingtang Village, Xiongjiapu District, Macheng City, Hubei Province, was only fifteen years old and suddenly became seriously ill and was dying. She stopped drinking water after she got out of danger. So far, she has not eaten for ten years. Surprisingly, after eight years in bed, she has been able to walk independently, talk and laugh freely, and do some housework. This is really a miracle on earth. If today's science can explain it and find out the reasons, it will make great contributions to human science and modern health preservation.