Basic introduction to the title of the work: year of creation of complaint poems: genre of the Three Kingdoms works: Ji Kang's four-character poems: original works, notes on works, appreciation of works, brief introduction of the author: complaints about how thin the original poems are (1), and few works (2). The more you cry, the more you are in infancy. Mother and brother Ju Yu (3) are kind but not strong. Love your boss's sister (4), but don't train or teach. 2 and crown belt, Feng Chong let go [5]. Resist the heart, cherish the past and let nature take its course. Take good care of Lao Zi and Zhuangzi. Cheap things are precious to you. Aim at simplicity and cultivate truth. I am not sensitive, so I am kind to others. Yu Zi's failures have repeatedly gone up in smoke. Adults are generous, shelter evil people from evil practices, and are ashamed of themselves. Many people are withdrawn [6] and politics is involuntary. Only this is heartbreaking and obvious. Think about it and you will be creative. If you want too little, slander will boil. Sex does not harm the body, but it often causes disgust. I was ashamed of Liu Hui yesterday, and now I am ashamed of Sun Deng. Love your heart and your friends. Enjoy Yan Zheng and live in seclusion. There is no camp in the world, and the air is like this. I am not good at counseling, and the baby is tired and worried. Bandits fell from the sky, but they were stubborn. Illness leads to trouble and death leads to imprisonment. Answering contemptuous news is a great obstacle. It is shameful to escape the lawsuit, and time is not with me. Although righteousness is straight, God humiliates his ambition. There is no cloud to make up for the surging waves in the bath. Hum, hum, fly north. Keep pace with the times and forget your troubles. I'm so angry and sighing that I can't help it. Instead, Tiz stayed for a long time. If you are poor, you will have a life, but if you have no desire, you will be just. As the ancients said, goodness is not close to fame. At that time, I was respectful and silent, and regretted it. Shiwan Shen Zhou ⑽, safety and honor. Things change, only stirring up the rest. Happiness must be controlled, but it is the ultimate virtue. Brilliant ganoderma lucidum, three shows a year. If I'm alone, I won't be content. I feel guilty thinking about it. ⑿ In the future, there will be no fragrance or smell. Cai Weishan, emitting caves. Yong Xiao often drinks, which is beneficial to promote longevity. Description of the work (1). (2) Not made: Not made. What you said didn't come true. (3) Yu Yu: Parents. (4) sister: jiao. 5] Feng: Same. [6] Eccentric: evil. (7) trauma: trauma. Liu Hui: Liu Xiahui was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. Levies: than. ⑽ Shiwan: refers to the historical powder of the Han Dynasty. ⑾ч: Shun. ⑿: Encourage. Appreciation of Works Regret for the Past is an important work of Ji Kang, a representative writer in the late Wei Dynasty, and a very important document for studying Ji Kang's personality and thoughts. To read this poem, we must first understand its writing background. Gambao's Book of Jin said: "Kang has a hidden ambition, which should not be cherished by Brown, and he is proud of his talent. (Lu) An, an ordinary brother, a handsome man and a beautiful wife. Fortunately, if you get a woman drunk, your ugliness will be exposed, and if you are sick, you will report it and slander yourself. There must be a favor in Zhong, so Taizu moved to Anbian County. The suicide note also includes Kang:' Li Suao entered Qin yesterday and sighed when he closed it' and so on. Mao hated it, chased it to prison, and Kang Li died. " Sun Sheng's "Yang Jinqiu" said: "Chu Kang is on good terms with Dongping Lu An, but his brother despises his wife Xu. An wanted to sue Xun and sent his wife to discuss with Yu Kang. Use metaphor to restrain. If you don't feel safe at home, you sue your mother and ask for relocation. Be safe, take care of yourself and resign. " As can be seen from the above records, Ji Kang's good friend Lu An was framed and imprisoned by his brother Lu Xun, so Kang Yin proved that Lu Xun was ugly and not guilty of unfilial. Ji Kangyi, an honest man, was irresponsible, disowned, and was implicated in prison. Zhong took the opportunity to praise him, and a generation of strange Kang was even killed. This poem was written by Ji Kang when he was in prison for Lu 'an. However, the appearance of this poem has deeper reasons of the times and is closely related to the poet's unique personality. As we all know, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, politics was dark and sinister, and honest intellectuals were in a precarious state and their lives were in danger at any time. Ji Kang is the most intrepid fighter among the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He advocates that "the more famous religions, the more natural they are", instead of Tang Wugong, who mercilessly attacked Sima's hypocritical famous religions. In addition, his personality is extremely contradictory: on the one hand, he is "complacent, too mysterious in his scheming", taking Zhuangzi as his teacher and pursuing his inheritance. On the other hand, he was just irritable and ill, and was not tolerated by the society at that time. Ji Kang was implicated in prison and even killed, which was the result of his fierce thinking and straightforward personality. The following analysis of this poem will reveal these reasons at any time. Bitter poems can be roughly divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph: "I am thin" to "the nutrition is true". The author described his unruly personality and his ambition to live in seclusion since his youth. Yu Yu laments that he lost his father at an early age. Four sentences in "Mom and Brother" say that he was raised by his mother and brother and suffered from their love and affection, so he could not be disciplined by his teacher. It can be seen that Ji Kang lost his father since childhood, doting on his mother and brother, and was not cultivated by strict Confucianism. This has something to do with the formation of his thought of loving the village and the elderly in the future and his warm and heroic personality. The next eight sentences of "love and harmony" talk about your hobbies and ambitions. These eight poems are not only a portrayal of Ji Kang's ideological character, but also a concentrated summary of the universal character pursued by celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties. This passage sets the tone for the whole poem and reflects his life. The second paragraph: "I am not sensitive to the rest" to "I can't make up for it." This passage is mainly about blaming yourself for being careless about Lu' an. The second sentence of "Yu Yue" means that you are friendly to the "dark man" because you are not sensitive. "Insensitive" refers to a person's weakness in human feelings. Ji Kang realized this in the book with Dan Tao. He said, "I don't know human feelings, but I am eager to make good use of them.". In the Lu 'an incident, he once again exposed his weakness, which led to the occurrence of unjust cases. There have always been different opinions about the sentence "Be kind to others". Or refers to Lu An, or refers to Zhong Hui, or refers to Lu Xun, and some people think that there is something else. The dark man refers to Lu Xun. According to the breakup letter between Ji Kang and Lu Changyi, the friendship between Ji Kang and Lu Xun was earlier than that with Lu An. For such a dark man, he was deceived and believed his false promise that he would never quarrel with Lv An again. Later, I'm afraid Lu Xun falsely accused Lu An, so that he was implicated in prison. This embarrassing ending disappointed the author and deeply blamed himself. The sentence recommended by Gong in the twenty-seventh year of Zuo Zhuan eventually led to the historical fact that Chu failed in the future, which was a metaphor for his suffering because he believed in Lu Xun. The meaning of this word only inherits the first two sentences. The sentence "My Lord" uses the allusions of Zhouyi and Zuozhuan respectively. The original meaning is that a great man has a big mind and can hide evil and shelter evil. Here, in turn, it means that human nature does not tolerate evil. So I later said, "Only this slap in the face shows whether it is hiding." These two poems are the author's profound analysis of his own character. He can't be "broad-minded" like a "big shot", but should show the right and wrong, good and evil of things. Ji Kang took Zhuang Zhou as his teacher, and Zhuang Zhou advocated that "this is also right and wrong, and there is no right and wrong in the objective world". It is said that Ruan Ji is cautious and "does not hide his nature", which truly practices Zhuangzi's theory. Ji Kang, on the other hand, is intellectually aware that right and wrong are the external fatigue of life and the hidden danger of health preservation, but his actual words and deeds often show a clear pattern of right and wrong. This is also the reason why he blames himself for "heartache". In fact, the so-called "broken heart" is the expression of Ji Kang's integrity and "Ren Xia" character. The second sentence "feeling" is hereditary, which means that I realize my carelessness in life, so I feel as sad as a wound. The eight sentences of "wanting few" attribute all kinds of mistakes to Geng Jie's personality. The author's "attention" is "desire is not enough" and "nature does not harm things", following the teachings of Laozi and Zhuangzi, "aiming at keeping simplicity and cultivating truth", but his "indifference" and "showing truth" often lead to slander and resentment. Once upon a time, I was ashamed of my lack of Liu Xiahui's spirit of upholding integrity, but I regretted why I didn't listen to Sun Deng, a hermit. According to "Wei's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Chu Kang collected herbs in the central and northern mountains and met the hermit Sun Deng. Kang wanted to talk to him, but Deng kept silent. After several years, Kang said,' Sir, are you speechless?' Deng nai said,' although I am versatile, I can't be alone.' "Ji Kang just well-informed, indeed as expected for Sun Deng! In the Lu An case, he once again fell into the world net. The sentence "Love your heart at home and be good friends outside" shows how deeply the author feels! The author of these four sentences "admire" really yearns for Yan Junping and Zheng Zi, hermits of the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Gonger in the Han Dynasty recorded that Zheng Zizhen lived in seclusion, living in peace with the rest of the world, being poor but proud. With this imprisonment, Ji Kang naturally yearned for those noble scholars who were poor and enjoyable. These four sentences of "asking for redundancy" are the author's clumsy and stubborn remorse for himself again, echoing the previous two sentences of "saying that I am insensitive to redundancy and treat others well". The author blamed the disaster on his own weakness. The following eight sentences "convince people by reasoning" are the author's experiences and feelings in prison. Among them, it is not easy to speculate on the internal affairs of "answering news". According to the record that Zhong Hui slandered Ji Kang in the Biography of Ji Kang in the Book of Jin and Zhong Huiting's evaluation of Ji Kang in the Biography of Literati, the crime of prison officer Ji Kang was not caused by the following three points: first, he was arrogant and arrogant when he was young, and did not use it for things; The second is to help Wu rebel; The third is debauchery, not destroying the code. In a word, Ji Kang's political attitude of refusing to cooperate with Sima's family and his fierce thoughts and remarks became the root cause of his "numerous obstacles" and his immediate murder. Honest people know that self-defense will not have any effect, so they "have no face to sue for exemption", disdain to argue with prison officials on the merits, and blame their own ignorance for their slander. However, although I am "upright and awe-inspiring" and in prison, I will eventually be called "God's shame". The last sentence "bathing" expresses the great pain that the author regrets. The third paragraph: from "singing geese" to "feeling guilty" embodies the author's anger and sigh about his tragedy. The four sentences of "Hehehe" describe the geese flying high and keeping pace with the times. The images of birds often appear in Ji Kang's poems. For example, "Jiao Liuao is Luo Zhi" ("Two Narrative Poems"); "Shuangluan Tibetan scenery, the wings are too steep." ("Scholar's Five-character Poetry"); Husband and wife avoid Luo and stay away from Kunlun Market. "("Answering the Poems of Er Guo ") Birds soar in the boundless sky, keep pace with the times, and forget their worries for pleasure. They are the symbol of freedom and the poet's yearning and pursuit. The free bird is in sharp contrast with the author's predicament, which naturally makes the author extremely angry and sigh. "Poor is life. What can you ask for? "The author once again blamed his misfortune on fate. The following ten sentences, "The ancients had words", quoted the teachings of the sages and the allusions of the Han Dynasty history powder and the fourth son Zhou Shensi, blaming themselves for being stubborn. "Brilliant" four sentences, lamenting their own ambitions. This image, such as the singing geese flying from the north, the stone powder proudly standing on the shore, and the Ganoderma lucidum showing three times a year, is related to the tragedy of his life, repeatedly expressing his anger and sigh, and his feelings are very painful. The fourth paragraph: from "ordinary future" to "healthy life" at the end. The author once again stated his original purpose of "keeping simple and nourishing elements". These words still show a stubborn attitude of refusing to cooperate with Sima. From the above analysis, we can see that although the writing of Regret for the Past was directly caused by Lu An's unjust imprisonment, the deeper reason was that the author was imprisoned in a specific environment and expressed his melancholy about life and indignation at the times. From this poem, Ji Kang once again clearly shows the profound contradiction between his sober mind and personality, and shows his political attitude against Sima Group. Because "Regret for the Past" does show a strong sense of self-blame and self-injury, some people have commented that this poem is a manifestation of the weakness of the literati Ji Kang. In fact, this view does not conform to the real Ji Kang, because it does not deeply grasp Ji Kang's thought and contradictory character. One of the writing characteristics of "Sad and Angry Poems" is to repeatedly express emotions in the form of inner monologues. The author is in prison, with no one to talk to, full of melancholy and resentment, and urgently needs to be dismissed, which naturally forms the characteristics of repeated lyricism. At first glance, the regret and anger in the poem seem messy, but there is still a clue to be found. The author first reviews the formation of broad-minded personality in his youth, then blames Lu An for his insensitivity, then reviews many contradictions between his lifelong ambition and his position, laments his own ambition, and finally affirms his long-cherished wish of seclusion. The whole poem is full of sadness and vividly expresses the poet's resentment. The second writing feature of Sorrow and Anger Poetry is that there are many allusions. For example, the defeat of Yuzi uses Zuo Zhuan; Many people get in the way ","Only this heart ","Bandits descend from the sky "and" Hehehe singing geese "all use the Book of Songs to make sentences. Admire Yan Zheng "and" Shiwan Shen Zhou "in Chinese; "Good is not near the name" comes from Zhuangzi and so on. Most of these allusions are appropriate in poetry. Zhong Rong commented on Ji Kang's poems in "Poetry": "Many are harsh, many are straightforward, and they hurt elegance. "It means that Ji poetry is too blunt and straightforward, showing the characteristics of cross-discussion of right and wrong, lacking meaning and lofty purpose. Liu Xizai's "On Art" said: "The poems of uncle's night are solemn and vigorous, and the poems of children are leisurely and carefree", and compared the different styles of Ji's and Ruan's poems, and summarized the style of Ji's poems with the word "solemn and vigorous". As mentioned earlier, Ji Kang has a fierce mind and a Geng Jie-style personality. This unique poetry presents the "rigorous" artistic style pointed out by Zhong Rong. Different from Ruan Ji's poems, Sorrow Poems often uses many metaphors to express feelings in a subtle and tortuous way, but its intention is clear and clear. This is just as Lu Shiyong said in The Mirror of Poetry: "Poetry is exhausted in one breath. "Chen Ruoming's" Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang "makes it more clear:" Uncle Ye yearns for it, and the article is true, and he is straightforward, and he will do what he says, and he has no intention of repeating it. So I know that poetry is really about temperament, and honest people must not be judged by euphemism. " He added: "Prose poetry is in the middle of the mountain, like an isolated spring. By going up one flight of stairs, we've reached our goal. It won't be tortuous, but it will be clear. Poem of Complaints is a masterpiece of Ji's style of "keeping his mouth shut" and "reaching the goal is satisfactory". The author briefly introduces Ji Kang (223-263), a writer, thinker and musician at the end of Wei Dynasty, and one of the representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He is good at melody, and his works include long Qing, short Qing, long edge and short edge, etc., which are collectively called "Four Seasons Square" and "Nine Square" with Cai's five squares in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The allusion of "The Sound of Guangling" left by him was passed down as a much-told story by later generations, and Guangling III became one of the top ten guqin songs. Literary creation is mainly poetry and prose. There are now more than 50 poems, most of which are four-character poems, accounting for more than half. Prose "Sound without Sorrow and Music", "Breaking Up with the Mountain Residence", "Fu Qin" and "Keeping Healthy" are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi records 13 volume, which has been lost, with only 10 volume left; Ming people carved "San Ji in Jizhong"; Ji Jikang edited by Lu Xun was included in The Complete Works of Lu Xun.