? What is "technology"? What is Tao?
"Zhouyi? In the copula, it is said that "the metaphysical refers to Tao, while the metaphysical refers to device", and the concept of "Tao device" is put forward for the first time. Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "Skill" is similar to "Qi". Both of them have the meaning of skill, skill and skill, referring to concrete things or things with images, focusing on material existence, which is a direct embodiment of the experience world. " "Tao" is a concept opposite to "technology", which was first put forward by Laozi (Tao gives birth to one, two, three and all things), representing the invisible, abstract and universal law of all things in the universe, focusing on the spiritual realm.
The distinction between technology and Tao is an important category of China's traditional philosophy, especially Zhuangzi's philosophy. There are many fables about "technology" in Zhuangzi, which are often cited by scholars to illustrate aesthetic and artistic creation. Technology advances in Tao, the process of cultivation is consistent with the process of artistic accomplishment, and the realm of attaining Tao is consistent with the artistic spirit, which are some basic propositions generally accepted in Zhuangzi's aesthetic research.
For example, when appreciating calligraphy works, people have different cognitive levels and different evaluations. There are three realms from low to high: first, looking at the "glyph", they think that words with proper structure, well-balanced strokes and neat and steady strokes are good words. Take "Two Days" as an example, its book is mainly in European style, rigid, dignified and steady, with almost no failure, comparable to printed and artistic words. However, most people in the industry believe that "Ertian" calligraphy is too deep into the cabinet, with dull lines, monotonous lines, no new ideas, tangible and tasteless, and it is difficult to be elegant. Secondly, the concept of "book" generally has a certain aesthetic foundation of calligraphy, and has a considerable understanding of Yan, Liu, Ou, Zhao, Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. The concept of calligraphy focuses on the source of calligraphy and knows a little about brushwork, pen and ink and composition. Thirdly, appreciating the meaning of words, this kind of viewer has a high aesthetic quality of calligraphy, and most of them are "people inside the door". When watching a calligraphy work, he pays more attention to the emotion, style, style and interest contained in the work, and can better understand the elegance and agility of Preface to Lanting and the grandeur of the manuscript to my nephew.
Associated with the emergence of the world, "technology" and "Tao" are everywhere. Taking the daily behavior of chatting as an example, its purpose and basic pursuit can be roughly divided into six levels: stimulation, leisure, information, knowledge, thought and aesthetics. Different levels have different connotations, and their proportions reflect different cultural attainments, mental states and value orientations. On the surface, these six levels can be classified into three categories: one is the so-called "small talk". Most of the topics revolve around the secular world, which is nothing more than short-term parents, entertainment gossip, who gets rich when promoted, who gets down and out when unlucky, no center and no theme, deep or shallow, more or less. This is the basic need of normal people to pursue stimulation or relaxation psychologically, with emphasis on the material level. Secondly, the word "talk" is generally used to acquire knowledge and information, and to talk about opinions, opinions and experiences about something. It is more targeted and concrete, with certain pertinence, purpose and practicality, which is both material and spiritual. Third, it is called On Tao. Most of them are world outlook and methodology, which emphasize the communication of ideas, morality or aesthetics and rational thinking. This is a deeper understanding of the objective world, which helps to grasp the law of change and development of things and is the highest level of human spiritual needs.
? Read and write again. Taking prose as an example, its realm can be divided into three levels: the first level is writing. Emphasis on description and narrative, can write out what you want to say objectively and clearly, without distortion, objective and true, and emphasize the explanation of "what", similar to sketch in art works. The second level is freehand brushwork. Through gorgeous rhetoric and beautiful words to describe, make good use of sound, light, shadow, color and other elements to create an atmosphere and render the situation colorful, just like watercolor painting. The third level is to write reasons and feelings. Without affectation, the language is simple and sincere, almost straight to the heart, full of pictures and strong sense of substitution, just like a pair of ink and painting, but also like a pot of old wine, full of fragrance. Zhu Ziqing's Back is an excellent endorsement.
There's no need to enumerate them. Presumably, the above two or three cases may simply link the essence of "technology" and "Tao". Master Hongyi once said: Life has three realms, just like three floors, the first is material life, the second is spiritual life, and the third is soul life. There is no question of which is better or worse in these three layers, but more of a dialectical relationship. Take the three-story pavilion as an example. Without the first and second floors, the third floor is a "castle in the air" and does not exist. But it can't be called a castle without two or three floors. The height of thought determines the width of vision, and climbing high and looking far should be the unremitting pursuit. Wei said: "Technology can enter the Tao, and art can communicate with the spirit", which is highly consistent with the "artisan spirit" advocated today. The development of everything is tortuous, complex and rapidly changing, but there are laws to follow. The process of seeking law and truth is the process of "seeking Tao", which is by no means easy, but an iterative process of continuous thinking, practice and negation. Avenue to Jane, the road is not far, let's explore together.