1. Germination stage: from seed germination to cotyledon unfolding, exposing true leaves.

2. Seedling stage: from true leaf exposure to leaf sequence formation.

3. Rosette stage: The plant presents 1-2 leaf sequence, which is the main stage of yield formation per plant.

The reproductive growth period includes:

1, bolting in bud stage: bolting and flowering. Cauline leaves grow on the main flower stems and lateral branches, and buds form at the top.

2. Flowering and fruiting period: Buds grow, blossom and bear fruit one after another.

Extended data

breeding method

Sowing: Generally, Chinese cabbage is sowed directly, and seedlings can also be transplanted. Live broadcast is mainly based on strip broadcasting, supplemented by on-demand broadcasting. When the previous land is temporarily unavailable, in order not to affect the farming season, seedlings can also be transplanted. Either way, the soil must be fine and smooth. The amount of seed used for direct seeding is about 200 grams per mu.

Seedling transplanter needs about 5-6 cm of seedbed for planting 1 mu of field, and mostly adopts the method of sowing, and the sowing amount is 75-100g. After the live broadcast, 40-50 tons of decomposed human excrement and urine are used per mu, and the ground is covered. After that, water 1 time every morning and evening to keep the indigenous soil moist, and seedlings can emerge in 3-4 days. The row spacing and plant spacing of Chinese cabbage should be determined according to different varieties.

Generally, early-maturing varieties are 33-50×33 cm, with 2 100-2300 plants per mu, and late-maturing varieties are 67*50 cm, with less than 2000 plants per mu. It is best to choose cloudy or sunny evening for seedling raising and transplanting. In order to improve the survival rate, it is best to transplant seedlings with soil and water them with fixed roots after planting.

cultivation techniques

1, thinning: when there are 2-3 real leaves, the first thinning is carried out. The second seedling has 5-6 leaves. 7-8 leaves can be planted. Choose different row spacing according to different varieties, and leave 1 strong seedlings in each hole. Weeding can be combined with thinning.

2. Topdressing: After the Chinese cabbage is planted, topdressing can be started. Topdressing 1 times 15% decomposed human excrement and urine every 3-4 days, with the dosage of 4-5 loads per mu. According to the weather and the dry and wet conditions of the soil, human feces and urine should be mixed with water. When Chinese cabbage enters the clumping stage, the fertilizer concentration should be increased. Usually, every 5-7 days, 30% of the decomposed human excrement and urine should be chased, and the dosage per mu is 15-20 tons, and the dried vegetable or hemp is 75- 100 kg.

After packaging, topdressing and potash fertilizer should be applied again to increase production. 30-40 loads of 50% decomposed human manure can be applied per mu, and plant ash 100 kg or potassium sulfate 10- 15 kg can be ditched for topdressing. This time, vegetable farmers are called "stuffing the heart". After vegetation plants are closed, topdressing is generally not needed. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, urea can be applied between rows as appropriate.

3, intertillage and soil cultivation: In order to facilitate topdressing, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed 2-3 times in the early stage. Especially after the long rain clears up, the kang land should be cultivated in time to promote root growth. In the middle stage of the rosette, the cake fertilizer was applied to the border for ridging, and the ridging height was 10- 13 cm.

The main purpose of ridging is to facilitate fertilization and watering and reduce diseases. After the cultivation, the manure should be poured into the border, and the leaf label should not be attached. Water is poured into the ditch to avoid soaking the stump. At the same time, the air circulation in the ditch is maintained, so that the air humidity between plants is reduced. This can reduce the occurrence of soft rot.

4. Irrigation: Chinese cabbage should be watered lightly and frequently at seedling stage to keep it moist. Intermittent irrigation during the rosette period, see dry and wet, and properly practice seedlings. High water content is required when pelletizing, and furrow irrigation can be used when soil is dry. Irrigation should be carried out in the evening or at night after the ground temperature drops.

Fill in slowly, don't fill the border. After water seeps into the soil, the remaining water should be discharged as soon as possible. Make sure there is no water in the ditch, no water on the sides and no water shortage at the roots. Generally speaking, keeping the soil moist is one of the keys to high yield of Chinese cabbage from the end of heading stage to the middle stage.

5. Breaking leaves and covering: It is an inevitable law for Chinese cabbage to grow and develop without breaking leaves. However, if late-maturing varieties encounter severe cold, in order to promote good fruit and delay harvest supply, the outer leaves are lifted after light snow, tied with straw and covered with a straw-type agricultural film, which can not only protect the heart leaves from freezing damage, but also soften the heart leaves. Early-maturing varieties do not need bunching leaves and covering. ?

control of insect

1, aphid control: 10% nicotine (Kanghelin) 800- 1000 times solution, 25% Aketai 750- 1500 times solution, 3% acetamiprid (Mobil) 2000-3000 times solution.

2. Pieris rapae, flea beetle and underground pests: control with deltamethrin (killing enemy) 2000 times solution and cypermethrin 15% 1000 times solution.

3. Plutella xylostella: 50- 100 ml of 5% Ruijinte suspension concentrate per mu mixed with 60 kg of water for control. Biological pesticides, such as 5% chlorhexidine EC 2000 times, 3% emamectin benzoate microemulsion 4000-6000 times or 2% avermectin 3000-5000 times.

In addition, the biological control technology-sex pheromone can be used to trap and kill adults. In the early stage of the occurrence of Plutella xylostella, trapping and killing with low population density in the field can also play a good control effect.

4. Wild slugs: place tiles, vegetable leaves or tied stems or branches in the middle of the field. After the sun comes out, they often hide inside and can concentrate on cleaning up and killing.

Mix snail poison or chlorhexidine with rice bran, bean sugar, grass, etc. And mix them into rust-killing bait. Use 0.7 kg of 6% Mida Granule or 65,438+0-2 kg of 3% Miwoling Granule per mu. After crushing, mix 5-7.5 kg of fine soil, and scatter it between rows near the roots of damaged plants in the evening when the soil surface is dry in warm weather. After 2-3 days, the wild slugs exposed to chemicals secrete a lot of mucus and die. ?

Edible

Chinese cabbage can be eaten with tender leaves, rosette leaves or flower stems. Can be fried, can be made into soup, can be pickled. Together with Chinese cabbage, it has become an indispensable and beautiful vegetable on the dining table of China residents.

In winter in northern China, Chinese cabbage is a frequent visitor on the dining table, so there is a saying that "Chinese cabbage is as beautiful as winter bamboo shoots". Chinese cabbage has a high nutritional value, so there is a saying that "a hundred dishes are not as good as one cabbage". In winter, people will make "stewed tofu with cabbage" and vinegar soaked cabbage, which tastes particularly refreshing. Although delicious, it should be noted that both of them are easy to form calcium oxalate with stones.

Reference Baidu Encyclopedia-Chinese Cabbage