Barreled water is divided into pure water, mineral water and mineral water (made by artificially adding minerals to pure water).
Basic introduction Chinese name: bottled water source: tap water or groundwater extraction process: reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, distillation and resin softening classification: composition classification, development prospect, reasonable selection, drinking method, basic elements, prevention of counterfeiting, identification of authenticity, inquiry and verification, counterfeiting, counterfeiting punishment, qualified rate, system, expert warning, application, statistical data, safety risk and market of pure water and mineral water. Due to different water sources and different production processes, the types and contents of trace elements in different kinds of bottled water are also very different. Some bottled water sources are natural groundwater, such as mineral water and mountain spring water; Some are city tap water, which is processed into bottled water, such as purified water, distilled water and ionized water. At present, the main types of drinking water in China are tap water, bottled water, high-quality water supply and water sold by automatic water vending machines. According to the investigation in Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai, in 2005, 28% citizens still drank tap water as their daily drinking water, and the proportion of choosing high-quality water supply and automatic water vending machine was 10% and 4% respectively, firmly occupying the leading position in the drinking water market. The most common types of bottled water on the market are pure water, natural mountain spring water, mineral water and snowmelt water. Among the consumers interviewed, 4 1% of the households drink purified water most often, which is slightly higher than 1 percentage point in the same period. 35% families drink mountain spring water and mineral water most often. When asked about the type of bottled water that families want to drink most, 38% of consumers think that natural mountain spring water is highly regarded as a healthy drinking water especially suitable for the elderly, pregnant women and children because of its rich and balanced beneficial mineral components and strong solubility and permeability. Natural mineral water is chosen by more consumers because of its rich mineral content and sweet taste, and 32% consumers want to drink it most; Followed by pure water, 23% of consumers said they want to drink it most, and 7% of families want to drink distilled water and others most. Development Prospect The appearance of bottled water has changed people's drinking habits for a long time. At present, the main types of drinking water in China are tap water, bottled water, high-quality water supply and automatic water vending machines. According to the surveys in Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai, in 2005, the number of citizens still drinking tap water was 28,070, but in 2006, the proportion dropped significantly. On the contrary, the proportion of people who choose bottled water has increased from 7 1% in 2005 to 86%, and the proportion of people who choose high-quality water supply and automatic water vending machines are 10% and 4% respectively, which shows that bottled water has entered the family, become a popular consumption mode, and has been consolidated and developed day by day, firmly occupying the leading position in the drinking water market. At the same time, the proportion of consumers who choose bottled water as drinking water has increased by 15 percentage points, and more household users have entered the ranks of using bottled water, further expanding consumer demand. Compared with the maturity of drinking fountains, the cleaning and disinfection industry of drinking fountains has just started, and it needs large-scale operation and technological innovation. In today's fierce competition in the drinking water market, the cleaning and disinfection of drinking fountains, a special supporting service to help consumers eliminate health blind spots, is expected to become a new hot spot. The rational choice of bottled water and drinking fountains has entered thousands of households, bringing convenience and fashion to people. Scientific selection of bottled water is of great significance for improving health. Choose natural bottled water with proper amount of beneficial mineral components, and pure water prepared by reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, distillation and resin softening. Because in the process of treatment, not only chemicals, bacteria and viruses harmful to human body are removed, but also elements beneficial to human body are removed, it is impossible to drink pure water for a long time (some are also called space water; Most mineral water is welcomed by consumers because it is rich in mineral elements, but kidney calculi patients should pay attention to drinking less to prevent excessive minerals from causing excessive kidney burden; Mountain spring water and snowmelt water are good choices! The correct drinking method of bottled water is: 1. It is best to drink unpackaged bottled water within 10 days. 2. Bottled water should not be placed in direct sunlight. 3. The cleaning of drinking fountains is an indispensable part to ensure the sanitary index of bottled water. It is generally recommended to clean and disinfect once every 0/-2 months. 4. Drink pure water and mineral water alternately. The basic elements of preventing counterfeiting in bottled water production line are whether the bottled water bought is a counterfeit product or not, and it is easy for consumers to find out in the future. The reporter learned from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality Supervision yesterday that the bottled water produced by Beijing enterprises has an electronic "ID card", and consumers can check the authenticity of the bottled water by calling and surfing the Internet. It is reported that all bottled water produced in Beijing will have such a unique "ID card". Some time ago, Xiaoshui store in Beijing market faked brand-name bottled water to deceive consumers, and some brand-name bottled water labels were faked, resulting in genuine barrels and fake water. According to the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality Supervision, when counterfeit brand products appear, manufacturers and small water stores shirk each other, and it is difficult for law enforcement agencies to identify who produced bottled water. At the same time, due to the poor channels of consumer complaints, the legitimate rights and interests of consumers cannot be effectively safeguarded. The introduction of electronic identity can strengthen the supervision of bottled water quality. The electronic identity of bottled water is "supervision code", which consists of a set of variable bar codes and a set of variable codes, and each bottle of bottled water has a unique one. It is reported that before March 15, 2008, all bottled water production enterprises that have obtained food production licenses in Beijing will use the "supervision code" with the logo of "China Electronic Supervision Network for Product Quality". By then, consumers in Beijing can inquire about product information through the "supervision code" on each bucket of water, and government supervision departments can also supervise the products of enterprises according to the "supervision code". Distinguish between authenticity and falsehood Experts from the Municipal Bureau of Quality Supervision said that it is best to choose the products of regular big manufacturers to buy bottled water. When buying, the first thing to look at is whether the bucket is crystal clear. Good quality barrels (bottles) should be made of PC with high transparency and smooth and clear surface, while barrels made of recycled waste plastics, commonly known as "black barrels", are black and dark in color and have poor transparency. The lid of the barrel should be smooth and high in hardness. The president of the bottled drinking water branch of Chongqing Food Industry Association also reminded consumers to buy bottled water of well-known brands. These brands have advanced equipment and technology, standardized quality management and are not prone to counterfeit products. Check and verify the PC barrel. Scrape off the lid with the supervision code sign of "China Electronic Supervision Network for Product Quality" at the barrel mouth, and you can see the supervision code of the bottled water. Or send the supervision code to 9500111for inquiry (each 0.2 yuan), or visit the website for free inquiry. If the first query result shows that "the supervision code you inquired does not exist" or the query result is inconsistent with the product information, it is likely that the product is counterfeit or counterfeit, and consumers can complain to the relevant departments. Bottled water counterfeiting "Jinghua Times" said that more than half of the bottled water in Beijing is being counterfeited, and the sales of fake water are hundreds of millions of barrels, with a market of 654.38+0 billion. The report aroused strong response from Chongqing citizens. How is the bottled water market in Chongqing? Do you have this fake bottled water? "Bottled water fraud is inevitable everywhere, but what is certain is that the scale of fraud in Chongqing is not as huge as that in Beijing. After all, fraud should also consider the cost. " The person in charge of frozen water in Chongqing told the reporter, "Taking frozen water as an example, the barrel type of frozen water is a unique tulip type, and the company applied for patent appearance protection. If counterfeiters want to make fakes, they must make a set of molds for producing barrels separately, and the cost of such a set of molds is at least 300 thousand. The fully enclosed thermoplastic film for chilled water cannot be replicated locally, and the trademark on the special bucket cover for chilled water also increases the difficulty of counterfeiting. " It is reported that the serious fraud in the bottled water market in Beijing has a lot to do with the general agent sales model generally adopted by bottled water manufacturers in Beijing, and counterfeiters are often agents of various manufacturers. The bottled water enterprises in Chongqing generally adopt the direct selling mode: that is, each bottled water enterprise opens a direct selling water station in the market for direct selling, which reduces intermediate links. As long as manufacturers strengthen the management of water supply stations, visit regularly and check carefully, it is possible to put an end to the possibility of counterfeiting by agents. Moreover, there are also strict punishment measures within bottled water enterprises. Taking frozen water as an example, once the water supply station is found to be fraudulent, it will be fined more than 20,000 yuan. The qualified rate of bottled water is 2065438+September 2002. Focusing on the foods that people consume daily, have high safety risks and are popular in festivals, the Quality Supervision Bureau organized supervision and spot checks on 8 food-scale enterprises such as rice flour and 2 132 batches of food such as soy sauce, and the qualified rate was 88.32%. The qualified rate of dairy products, beverages and sweets is 100%, the qualified rate of bean products, cakes and meat products is below 90%, and the qualified rate of drinking water in bottles (barrels) is only 76.44%. System 1. The laboratory structure should be shockproof and moisture-proof, so as to reduce the vibration and corrosion of the instrument and prolong its actual service life.
2. Instruments should be placed in a reasonable and orderly manner and should not be moved frequently. After the experiment, it should be sorted out in time.
3. When doing laboratory tests, the laboratory technician must maintain a rigorous working attitude and work in strict accordance with the operating procedures.
4. Make full preparations before each test, and conduct routine calibration on the instruments used, and use them only after they are confirmed.
5. Some instruments should use a three-terminal socket, and the zero line should be separated from the ground line, so don't short it. Precision instruments should be equipped with a grounding wire to ensure their normal operation.
6. Before using the newly installed instrument, please read the instructions carefully and understand the performance of the instrument before operating. Precision instruments must be operated correctly according to operating procedures.
7. Keep the instruments and equipment dry, remove dust regularly, replace the desiccant, and have a dust cover for precision instruments.
8. Instruments and meters shall apply to the relevant national metrological departments for verification or correction on time, and shall be used within the validity period to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the measured values.
9. The instrument shall be used and maintained by special personnel, and other personnel shall not use it at will without permission. Some common equipment shall not be lent for other purposes unrelated to inspection. Experts remind the relevant experts of the product quality supervision department of AQSIQ to remind consumers that once bottled water is opened, it should be used up as soon as possible. Even the bottled drinking water with good quality, such as Robust, the industry leader, is easy to breed bacteria after being opened for a long time (it is recommended to use it one week after opening, but it depends on the environment. If the environment is good, it can be extended appropriately). Especially in the hot summer, the temperature is high, and the bacterial reproduction speed is also accelerated, and it will not last long. "It is best to drink it in 10 days." At the same time, we should be alert to the secondary pollution of drinking fountains and pay attention to cleaning drinking fountains regularly; The manufacturer is required to go to the door to clean the water dispenser every once in a while (it is best to clean it yourself, and it usually takes more than half an hour to clean it thoroughly with cleaning agent). The use of bottled water is also facing a very common "secondary pollution" problem. Climate, environment and personnel quality in the process of water conveyance are the key factors leading to "secondary pollution". But excluding these factors, bottled water is much safer than tap water and community self-service drinking fountains. Is it safe to put it in the bucket? Drinking fountains should be cleaned regularly. Although it is not necessary to clean the barrel thoroughly every time, cleaning once a month is the embodiment of good hygiene habits. It should be noted that the detergent for cleaning the water dispenser is a chemical substance after all, and it must be rinsed before drinking. In addition, bottled water should be drunk within 10 days. What's the difference between different water species? The most common varieties of bottled water are pure water, mineral water and distilled water. Generally speaking, pure water is tap water that can be directly drunk, mineral water is natural mineral water containing certain minerals and trace elements, and distilled water is drinking water obtained by high-temperature distillation. When drinking the above bottled water, we need to pay attention to related problems: pure water does not contain any trace elements, and even life ions that nourish the human body do not exist. The more you drink, the more sour your body fluids will become, which may lead to the decline of human immunity and the possibility of disease. Distilled water, like pure water, is not suitable as a single drinking water because many minerals beneficial to human body have been removed. Bottled water is not suitable for direct drinking. Food will go bad if it is kept for a long time, and water will go bad if it is kept for a long time. So people are usually used to eating fresh food and drinking fresh water, but bottled water is not suitable for drinking when it is fresh. The bottled water sold in the market, whether it is distilled water, reverse osmosis water, mineral water or other pure water, has been filtered and disinfected many times in the production process, but the final disinfection before filling usually uses ozone, so the bottled water just filled contains high concentration of ozone. Although ozone has a strong disinfection effect, its strong oxidation is very harmful to human health. When ozone is inhaled into the body, it will destroy vitamin E in the skin, causing wrinkles and dark spots on the skin. In severe cases, it will also destroy the immune function of the human body and induce lymphocyte diseases. So if you drink bottled water when it is "fresh", you will undoubtedly take poison with you. The best way is to leave fresh bottled water for 1-2 days, and then drink it after the ozone dissipates. In addition, bottled water is not healthy water that can be safely drunk, especially bottled water that is used with drinking fountains. Faucets, water inlets and sewage outlets can easily let microorganisms and floating layers in the air enter the bucket, which will cause secondary pollution to the water in the bucket. In order to prevent drinking water that is polluted twice, the best way is to heat the water before drinking it. According to media reports, on the morning of August 20 14 and 13, the US Food and Drug Administration in Beijing announced that 18 kinds of food were unqualified and were taken off the shelves of the city, among which 8 kinds were bottled water, and the total number of colonies exceeded the standard. Production date of 8 kinds of bottled water with bacteria exceeding the standard: 2065438+May 8, 2004. Production date of drinking water in Gelilai: 2065438+May 9, 2004. Production date of drinking water (Beijing Huichengquan Trading Co., Ltd.): 2065438+May 27, 2004. Production date of Zhuyequan oxygen-enriched natural drinking water: 20 14. Production date of weak alkali for drinking water in Xishan Spring: May 3, 20041,May 20 1, June 2, 2065438 (Beijing Jiaxuexi Drinking Water Plant): May 20, 2065438 (new) drinking water production date: KLOC-0/4.