According to legend, in the third year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty, God suffered from low back and leg pain, found many good doctors and used many pills, but after three years, he still failed to recover and gradually became worse, so he could not walk. He often said, God doesn't bless me, unless Hua Tuo is reincarnated, my illness will not get better, so I have to wait for death. One night, he dreamed of an old man with white eyebrows and silver whiskers, and said to him, "He Ming is nine high and famous in the sky. By the Yishui River, Wang dreamed of offering sacrifices, which can solve your illness." Then he disappeared. Zongshen is very happy. After waking up, he quickly sent someone to find Wang Mengxian. Wang Mengxian came to the palace and touched Zongshen's waist in front of the bed, talking and laughing. In fact, the pain was relieved a lot. After three days, the pain stopped. After seven days of treatment, Zongshen can walk as before. Zong Shen was very happy and presented Wang Meng with a plaque of "Hua Tuo's reincarnation". After Wang Mengxian retired in his later years and returned to his hometown, one day, an old farmer came to see a doctor in tears, saying that he was not ill and came to see a chicken. It turned out that when the old farmer was farming on the hillside, he saw a pheasant, so he discounted the chicken legs with stones and arrested them. The bully next door said he raised the chicken, and he insisted that the old farmer pay for it, and it must be exactly the same as before, otherwise he would lose one or two gold. Wang Mengxian was very angry and promised to treat the chicken. He immediately raised the chicken, pinched it on his broken leg and threw it into the air. I saw the cock flapping its wings and running alive, without any injury! This is the magical Chinese medicine bonesetting.
In fact, as early as the pre-Qin era, bonesetting had already appeared. By the Zhou Dynasty, fracture had a special medical term-fracture, and there were also people who were responsible for the treatment of orthopedic diseases in the medical division of labor. At that time, the treatment of fracture was relatively intuitive: after the fracture occurred, the fracture was forcibly broken back with both hands and fixed with bamboo plates. The basic theory and technology of bonesetting was only formed in Qin and Han Dynasties and passed down from generation to generation. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica also records many drugs for treating traumatic injuries and fractures. Ge Hong collected folk secret recipes and prescriptions extensively in Jin Dynasty, and wrote "Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription". In this book, he summed up a series of first aid methods for fractures, pointing out: "When dressing, you can dress it with bamboo pieces, ... never let the affected area rotate." He also mentioned: "To dress the wound, use old cloth and tie it loosely, just like wearing a belt." This shows that in the Jin Dynasty in China, Chinese medicine has mastered the advanced method of treating fractures with small bamboo pieces.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the earliest extant monograph on traditional Chinese medicine orthopedics was born in China. This book comprehensively summarizes the treatment experience of predecessors, and puts forward ten principles of plastic surgery according to the different situations of fracture injuries. First, it discusses the 14 steps and prescriptions of osteopathic manipulation, and then discusses the treatment methods and prescriptions of injuries. The book describes joint dislocation, traumatic injury, hemostasis, surgical reduction, traction, expansion, packing, suture and other operations. During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Wei Yilin, a famous physician, made great contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine bonesetting and added a brilliant stroke to the development of orthopedics. Wei Yilin, a native of Nanfeng, Jiangxi, was a famous doctor in Yuan Dynasty. In his long-term clinical practice, he summarized and sorted out the famous prescriptions and prescriptions of past dynasties, and spent ten years compiling the book "Effective Prescriptions by Famous Doctors in the World". The book records a lot about orthopedics, such as bone injury repair. The book discusses the fracture and dislocation of limbs, spinal fracture, traumatic injury, arrow injury and their treatment methods, and records a variety of medical instruments, especially the suspension reduction method of spinal fracture, which is a pioneering work in the history of traumatology. He also advocated anesthesia before fracture reduction and the theory of "Ten Difficult Diseases", which pioneered the prognosis diagnosis of orthopedic injuries. He has made great contributions to orthopedics and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine, which not only enriched the treatment contents of ancient orthopedics and traumatology in China, but also opened up a new road for the all-round development of orthopedics and traumatology in the future. In the Ming Dynasty, Thai Hospital changed "orthopedics" to "orthopedics", further separating orthopedics from orthopedics, which reflected the development of orthopedics. During this period, the number of books on orthopedics increased obviously, among which Xue Lizhai's bonesetting and Chen Shigong's Authentic Surgery were famous. In the Qing Dynasty, the achievements of orthopedics in China were even more brilliant. The official medical book Zong Yi Jin Jian, written in the seventh year of Qing Dynasty, made the most comprehensive summary of China's orthopedics before the Qing Dynasty, including eight methods of touching, receiving, lifting, pushing, taking, pressing and kneading.
Bone-setting is a method of traditional Chinese medicine to treat fracture, joint dislocation and other motor system diseases. At present, there are 12 kinds of manipulations, such as stretching, rotation, flexion and extension, lateral extrusion, bone separation, overlapping, rotation, longitudinal compression, tendon separation, winding, tendon adjustment and tendon elastic, and each manipulation has its indications. However, because most displaced fractures are not isolated, but compound, it is necessary to use several methods at the same time to obtain satisfactory treatment results. In any case, the purpose is to correct the displacement, close the bone and finally fix it with a small splint. Only in this way can the patient's bone injury heal.
Among them, "small splint fixation" originated in China and was followed by many countries, which can be regarded as one of the great contributions of China traditional medicine to world medicine. This method conforms to the biomechanical principle, which can not only fix the partially injured limb, but also not seriously hinder the functional activities of the limb. It properly solves the contradiction between fixation and incomplete fixation in treatment, which is very beneficial to fracture healing. For example, forearm fracture can be fixed with small splint, which can not only stabilize the fracture end, but also effectively promote muscle contraction and joint activity, and at the same time, the function of fracture will be restored. If it is fixed with plaster for more than one month, although the fracture has healed, the joint may become stiff and the function will recover slowly.
Traditional Chinese medicine orthopedics therapy has a long history in treating orthopedic diseases, with little damage and side effects, or even no damage or side effects. It is characterized by "no surgery, no medicine, quick recovery and low cost", so it is called "green therapy". It can be used for fracture, joint dislocation, facet joint dysfunction and soft tissue contusion caused by various reasons, with closed treatment as the main treatment. It is an important part of China medicine, and it has been proved to be effective after thousands of years of practice. It is the essence of orthopedics and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine, the treasure in the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and the precious intangible cultural heritage of our country.
In the history of 2000, simple Chinese medicine bone-setting techniques have been passed down from generation to generation, and Chinese medicine bone-setting methods for different parts and different bone injuries have gradually matured. At the same time, it has formed a school of bonesetting with its own technical characteristics, which makes Chinese medicine bonesetting colorful and full of flowers.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the regime was in turmoil, and the war in the Central Plains continued. The unique skill of bonesetting, which had been quietly surviving, flourished again. For a time, there appeared experts in orthopedics, such as Su's in Tianjin, Li's in Fujian, and the old lady in Shuangqiao, Beijing. One of the most famous is Guobonesetting in Pingle, Luoyang, Henan. Legend has it that more than 50 years ago, Guo of Pingle Village near Baima Temple, a thousand-year-old temple, was taught orthopedics by foreigners and became a generation of famous doctors. There are three legends about Guo's bonesetting skills: one is to learn from Luoyang Taoist Zhu; Second, Guo Yiyuan, a Taoist priest with the same surname in Mengzhou; The third is a Wulin monk who passed Pingle. After Guo, Guo's descendants made continuous efforts and gradually became an important academic school. More than 50 years ago, Ms. Guo's fifth-generation successor in the Department of Orthopaedics dedicated her secret recipe to the country and founded Pingle Orthopaedics College, the first orthopedic university in China. Today, 70% of the backbone doctors in the field of orthopedics and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine are "Pingle people".
However, Chinese medicine also has some regrets and shortcomings. This is because osteopathy is often a specific and subtle operation, which is difficult to express in words and can only be conveyed orally by teachers. In addition, in feudal society, osteopathic doctors had a low social status, lived among the people, and often only passed on their sons to outsiders for the sake of themselves and future generations, which seriously affected the spread and development of this technology. Nevertheless, China's traditional osteopathy has experienced the creation and development of several generations and the continuous induction and summary of osteopathic doctors, and finally formed the traditional Chinese osteopathy which is independent of the world medical forest. We should be proud of both the theoretical frontier and the technical skills.