The earliest written records about wine in China can be found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. In China's 5,000-year history of civilization, wine is regarded as "the first of the hundred rites". From the initial sacrifice to later festivals, celebrations, sales promotion, birthday banquets, getting married and having children, holding banquets, and literary and artistic creation, cultural entertainment, cooking, health care and other aspects, until now, business, government affairs, public relations, various corporate activities and other occasions are inseparable from the shadow of wine, and wine culture has penetrated into all areas of China people's social life. In China, "no wine, no table" has become a custom. As a food culture, the phenomenon of wine culture is actually a reflection of human spiritual life. Drinking is no longer just an isolated event, it has become a carrier of a unique cultural and social relationship.

But alcohol is also painful. Excessive drinking will make people indulge, degenerate and damage their health. There are many examples in history that monarchs or figures indulge in alcohol and lead to national subjugation. Today, on many occasions, toasting has evolved into wine competition and persuasion, and wine has even become a lubricant of social relations, so it has become a "must drink" thing on many occasions. According to the data in the Survey Report on Healthy Drinking among Residents in 25 Provinces of China in 2007 released on June 24th, 2008, China citizens have serious problems in drinking knowledge, drinking amount, drinking age and control trend. More than half of the drinkers are in sub-health and below. In other words, people in China don't care about their health when they drink. In 170668 valid questionnaires, up to 65.39% of the respondents failed to drink healthy alcohol; 25.58% passed the basic test, 8.52% was good, and only 0.5 1% drinkers had correct drinking concept.

The main components of wine are alcohol (ethanol) and water, accounting for 98% of the total weight. Wherein the alcohol content in the liquor is 30-60%; 8 ~13% for wine; Beer 3 ~ 5%. The quality of wine to human body is mainly produced and determined by alcohol (ethanol). Alcohol has the characteristics of fast absorption and slow excretion after entering the human body. Generally, alcohol enters the brain after 10 minutes, 50% of it will be absorbed after 15 minutes, and 60-90% of it will be absorbed after 30 minutes. However, it takes more than 15 days for alcohol to be completely excreted in human body. Therefore, for regular drinkers or habitual drinkers, the cumulative effect of alcohol staying in the human body will cause chronic damage to human organs and serious chronic alcoholism.

Medical research shows that excessive drinking or long-term unhealthy drinking is the most harmful to the liver. Because more than 90% of the alcohol people drink is metabolized by the liver, its metabolites and the metabolic disorder of liver cells caused by them are the main causes of alcoholic liver injury. The metabolism of alcohol in the liver is at the expense of self-injury. For example, the metabolism of 30 grams of alcohol takes about 46 hours. Because a large number of coenzyme I, coenzyme II and cytochrome P450 are consumed in the metabolic process, excessive consumption of these substances will lead to hepatocyte necrosis and gradually lead to liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Statistics show that 40 ~ 90% patients with liver cirrhosis have a history of alcoholism. The occurrence of liver injury is directly related to each drinking amount and long-term drinking history, that is, when the drinking amount reaches or accumulates to a certain extent, the risk of liver injury suddenly increases.

The side effects of unhealthy drinking on human health include: damage to nervous system. Such as movement or muscle disharmony; Lead to slow brain response and memory loss; Attention, judgment and self-control decline; Hallucinating and excited. The stomach is damaged. Such as stimulating gastric mucosa, leading to loss of appetite and even gastritis, gastrointestinal malabsorption, gastrorrhagia, diarrhea and so on. Cardiovascular system is damaged. Such as fat and calcium salt deposition, arrhythmia, ventricular hypertrophy and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The reproductive system is damaged. Such as sperm motility decline, sexual dysfunction, affecting fetal development and so on. Damage to family life. Such as lack of enthusiasm for life and work, emotional excitement, irritability, prone to violent tendencies and conflicts. And other harm to human body.

Gao Li, a famous doctor in ancient China, whose real name was Dongyuan (1 180), was one of the earliest people who put forward the concept and countermeasures of drinking health care in China. He believes that the root of many diseases lies in spleen and stomach losing qi. Wine is the poison of damp-heat, which hurts the spleen and stomach and causes various diseases (alcoholic fever, toxicity and water-induced, so damp-heat is accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract, so it can be seen. )。 The "Gehua Zhu Jie Decoction" recorded in his classic book "Spleen and Stomach Theory" is a kind of drinking health care product with the same origin of medicine and food. In China, smoking means being drunk and out of your mind, just like alcoholism. Therefore, hangover is hangover. The original prescription of Gehua Zhu Jie Decoction has the effects of dispelling wine, eliminating dampness, warming the middle warmer and strengthening the spleen. Indications: lack of alcohol addiction, wet injury to the spleen and stomach, headache and upset, dizziness and vomiting, stuffy diaphragm, anorexia, dysuria and diarrhea.

500 years later, Zhang Jiebin (1563- 1640), an outstanding physician in Ming dynasty, further recognized Li Dongyuan's theory of spleen and stomach and the theory that "spleen is the foundation of the day after tomorrow and the source of qi and blood biochemistry". He pointed out in Jing Yue Quan Shu: "A strong stomach is strong, and a weak stomach is weak. Live with a stomach and die without one. Therefore, a health practitioner must put the spleen and stomach first. "

Broadly speaking, all kinds of products with drinking health care functions are participants and suppliers in the drinking health care market. However, due to the differences in raw materials, formula technology, usage and dosage, the symptoms and curative effects of different products are very different. People should choose suitable drinking health products according to their own needs.

Traditional Chinese medicine products take raw materials with homology of medicine and food as the main components. Has the characteristics of naturally and integrally regulating human physiological functions. But the composition only represents one of many factors, and it can't fully explain the quality and actual efficacy of a product. The efficacy of a product depends on its composition, technology, dosage and taking method.

The main function of amino acid+vitamin products is to supplement amino acids and vitamins for human body. It can protect the liver and replenish energy, but the immediate effect is not obvious, nor can it alleviate the problems of stomach discomfort and headache.

The products of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine are mainly western medicine raw materials, and are not completely produced according to the formula of traditional Chinese medicine with the same origin of medicine and food. If overdosed or taken improperly, there may be side effects or potential safety hazards.

The function of sponge products is to adsorb alcohol on the sponge. It can delay the absorption of alcohol in a short time, but it cannot accelerate the metabolism of alcohol. Because alcohol is still in the human body, the cumulative effect of alcohol will cause harm to the body, and the hangover effect is not good.

Curcuma longa products have the function of protecting liver, but they lack the functions of relieving alcoholism, promoting circulation of qi, calming the heart and calming the nerves, harmonizing the stomach and strengthening the spleen, and the effect of relieving stomachache and headache after drinking is not obvious.

The main function of oyster products is to supplement zinc and nourish kidney, which has a certain protective effect on liver, but it has no obvious effect on relieving alcoholism and promoting qi circulation, calming the heart and calming the nerves.

The function of sponge products is to adsorb alcohol to sponge (such as konjac, cellulose, chitosan, etc.). This can delay the absorption of alcohol in a short time, but it can't promote the metabolism of alcohol. The cumulative effect of alcohol in human body will harm body organs.

Protein in protein/peptide products has a certain protective effect on the liver, and can also be used as a protective film for gastrointestinal tract, slowing down the absorption of alcohol by human body. However, such products have little effect on hangover, promoting qi circulation and calming the nerves.

Most plant extract products contain liver-protecting ingredients (such as St. Mary's wort: liver-protecting; Artemisia capillaris: diuretic, heat-clearing, liver and gallbladder-benefiting) is suitable for long-term health care, but it has no instant health care function. Moreover, it has no good effect on regulating stomach and strengthening spleen, relieving alcoholism and promoting qi circulation, calming the heart and calming the nerves.

Other products are mostly conceptual products, and the selling points are mostly advertising, and the basis of product efficacy is insufficient. Such as: honey, oxygen-rich water, etc.

In short, the basic demand of consumers of all kinds of drinking health products is to protect their bodies and health on the premise of obeying Chinese wine culture and various drinking needs. Although some studies have shown that drinking a small amount or a moderate amount may be beneficial to some diseases (for example, in Chinese medicine, wine is often made into "medicated wine" with herbs to prevent and treat diseases. ), it will also increase the chance of suffering from other diseases. So even a small amount of drinking will vary from person to person. People must pay attention to drinking and health care.

(Hao. The author is a graduate student of Peking Union Medical College and is currently the head of a medical and health research institution. )