First, the current situation of "empty nesters" and "left-behind children" in Ruanwan village.
It is understood that there are 80 people in 17 households in Huashan Hongwan Village, including 9 elderly people over 60 years old, accounting for 1 1% of the total population, and 3 empty nesters without children, accounting for 33% of the population over 60 years old. Children 2 1 person, including 2 left-behind children whose parents are not around, accounting for about 9% of the total number of children. Although statistically speaking, the proportion of "empty nesters" and "left-behind children" in this bay is not very high, through our in-depth interviews with them, we found that there are still many problems:
(A) "empty nesters" problem
1, life is simple and difficult, and the living environment is not very good. In the investigation and interview, we found that the diet of empty nesters is generally very simple, and they just want to have enough food and clothing, especially in the busy farming season. Because of the age, it is impossible to repair houses. Some houses are in disrepair and leak, and some are covered with dust and muck. The sight is sympathetic. The most typical is Hu Zhongxiu's mother-in-law, 82 years old, frail and sickly. The whole family has gone out to work, leaving only her and a teenage granddaughter at home. The whole family relied on her weak body to resist, and it was not a taste to watch her stumble.
2, undertake heavy physical labor. In addition to the "empty nesters" who are particularly old and inconvenient to move, the general "empty nesters" are still engaged in agricultural production labor, and some of them are still engaged in manual labor over 70 years old, which is more nervous than other elderly people. There is an old man with a disability in his eyes. His wife died of illness, so he had to farm in debt. The difficulty can be imagined.
3. shouldering the heavy responsibility of raising and educating grandchildren. Educating children is a matter for young parents. However, because most of their children work outside the home to make a living, the reading and education tasks of their grandchildren all fall on their grandparents living in the countryside. At present, due to the low education level of the rural elderly, most of them just provide food and clothing for their children. As for learning, psychology, character and moral education, they can only let it go. Taking care of their grandchildren is beyond their power, and some even take care of themselves, which greatly increases the living burden and mental burden of empty nesters.
4. Loneliness and lack of care in life. People are afraid of loneliness when they are old, and the rural elderly are used to living a hard life and have low material requirements. In the case of satisfying food and clothing, the elderly often long for their children's affection and don't care about their money and things. Especially the elderly who live alone, they have nowhere to tell, and they are very lonely. At the same time, because the children are not around, I am very afraid of getting sick. Because I am sick in bed, there is no child to take care of me, and there is no one to bring tea and water. Life is extremely inconvenient and difficult.
(B) "Left-behind children" problem
1. The family education situation of "left-behind children" is worrying. "Left-behind children" are young and have poor self-control and need effective supervision to form a sound personality. At present, some "left-behind children" are raised by grandparents from generation to generation to meet the various requirements of the elderly for their children, which makes them lack spiritual and moral education and guidance, whether reasonable or not; Some old people have a negative impact on their children's outlook on life and values because their concepts are relatively conservative and backward; Some elderly people have difficulty in communicating with their children, lacking corresponding cultural knowledge and unscientific educational methods, and it is difficult to help and coach their children's learning, which affects their healthy growth to some extent.
2. "Left-behind children" have poor after-school life and heavy housework burden. "Left-behind children" have few extracurricular activities and hobbies except playing with friends, and no one participates in expensive extracurricular hobby remedial classes. They are not only poor in extracurricular life, but also bear heavy housework and life pressure. In such a living environment, their intellectual development and character training basically come from school education, lacking family education and training.
There are many hidden dangers in the life of "left-behind children". Because the parents of "left-behind children" are not at home, they lack timely and effective family supervision. In addition, they are young, simple-minded, distinguish right from wrong and have low self-protection ability. Temporary guardians, such as grandparents, are unable to exercise custody of their children seriously because of their old age and infirmity, and their awareness of safety protection is not strong. As a result, left-behind children are not treated in time and often suffer accidental injuries. There are many hidden dangers in children's safety, which should be paid enough attention to.
4. The behavior habits and psychology of "left-behind children" are biased. Migrant workers expect their children's education to come from schools. However, due to the large number of students and heavy teaching tasks, it is difficult for teachers to care for "left-behind children" psychologically and to communicate with their parents. As a result, most of the "left-behind children" have poor self-control ability and poor living habits, which are manifested in not listening to the instructions of their adoptive parents, contradicting their grandparents, going their own way, refusing to accept management and telling lies, and becoming "problems"
Second, the countermeasures to solve the problems of "empty nesters" and "left-behind children" in rural areas
(A) Countermeasures to solve the problem of "empty nesters"
1. Increase the publicity of rural old-age law. In order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly, we should intensify the propaganda and implementation of the law on the elderly and relevant preferential policies for the elderly, not only let children understand that it is their obligation to respect and support the elderly, but also let the whole society form a good atmosphere of helping and respecting the elderly, so that more elderly people can enjoy benefits in material life and spiritual and cultural life, and medical care and safeguarding the rights and interests of the elderly will form a social trend of respecting, caring and helping the elderly in the whole society.
2. Broaden the scope of centralized support and establish a paid service mechanism. At present, centralized support in rural areas is limited to the elderly and orphans with five guarantees. Empty nesters cannot enter the ranks, so we should appropriately broaden the scope of centralized support, especially for the elderly empty nesters in rural areas, establish a paid service mechanism, and provide living allowances for their children to support institutions, so that the elderly empty nesters can be properly taken care of.
3. Adjust the industrial structure, develop the rural economy, and encourage migrants to return to their hometowns to start businesses. The government should adjust measures to local conditions, find out the way for villagers to get rich, develop rural economy and change the backward appearance of rural areas. In particular, corresponding encouragement policies should be introduced to encourage some migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, participate in the construction of new countryside, and reduce the number of "empty nesters".
4. Establish a rural public medical service system. Because the houses in the village are scattered, especially the "empty nesters" who are seriously ill and can't go to the hospital, no one even knows. We should establish a rural public medical home service system, implement regional management, sign letters of responsibility with village doctors and township hospitals, regularly provide free physical examination for empty nesters, and reduce certain fees when seriously ill. Solve the problem of providing for the elderly and providing them with medical care.
5. Establish a compulsory guardianship and assistance system for party member and cadres. Village Party branches and village committees should give full play to the role of fighting bastions, register the elderly "empty nesters" in the village, and implement the "one-for-one" system of voluntary guardianship and assistance, giving both material help and spiritual comfort to solve the loneliness of the elderly.
(B) Countermeasures to solve the problem of "left-behind children" in rural areas
1, strengthen parental responsibility. Parents should change their ideas, attach great importance to their children's all-round and healthy development, strive to create conditions to make up for the adverse impact of the lack of family education on their children, and correctly handle the relationship between working to get rich and their children's education. It is suggested that when parents go out to work, they should try to stay alone at home to raise and educate their children, or try to take their children to local schools. If you can't take care of your children, you should communicate with them by telephone or letter, care about their growth, and let them fully feel the love of their parents. At the same time, parents should keep in touch with school teachers, keep abreast of their children's learning and growth, guide education in time, and prevent children from breeding negative ideological tendencies.
2. Solve the enrollment problem of "left-behind children". The fundamental measure to solve "left-behind children" is to end "left-behind children". It is necessary to take solving the problem of "staying behind" as another important task of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", further promote the integration of urban and rural areas, formulate various policies and measures, guarantee the rights and obligations of migrant workers' children to receive compulsory education, improve their schooling conditions, and let "left-behind children" live with their parents and share urban civilization with urban children.
3. Give full play to the care and guardianship role of rural schools for left-behind children. Due to the individual and family reasons of migrant workers, some children of migrant workers still stick to the countryside. Therefore, strengthening the education and care for left-behind children in rural schools should become a key task of rural education at present. First, establish and improve the files of left-behind children and fully grasp the relevant information of left-behind children. Rural schools should make a thorough investigation of left-behind children, make a detailed investigation of the situation of "left-behind children", take the initiative to contact them, and report their academic achievements in school to their parents and guardians in time, so as to achieve the goal of joint education between schools and families. The second is to expand the scale of rural boarding schools and focus on attracting "left-behind children" to live in boarding schools. Let the left-behind children grow up among teachers and classmates, let the left-behind children get more protection, care and love, and feel that the school is a warm home. The third is to strengthen the training of teachers in rural schools, enhance teachers' sense of responsibility and service, actively create a good class environment, give more care to "left-behind children", let them establish a positive and optimistic attitude towards life and self-confidence, and cultivate a correct outlook on life and values.
4. Pay more attention to the government and society. Paying attention to the physical and mental growth of "left-behind children" is a complex social problem. Municipal Party Committee, government, relevant departments and the whole society have the responsibility and obligation to strengthen public opinion propaganda, especially the compulsory education law, the law on the protection of minors and other laws and regulations, and actively carry out the action of caring for "left-behind children". At present, Ezhou Women's Federation has carried out the activities of "caring mother", "caring gentleman" and "left-behind children", which has made the left-behind children in the city feel affection and care. I hope that the whole society will take action to pay attention to "left-behind children" and let them feel the warmth of the big family of the motherland.
The problem of "empty nesters" and "left-behind children" are two special groups in the current economic development of China. Whether they are solved well or not is not only related to the happiness of thousands of families, but also to the quality of the whole nation and the future of the country. Therefore, we believe that to truly solve the problems of "empty nesters" and "left-behind children", we must further accelerate the integration of urban and rural areas. The countryside has the advantages of the countryside. We suggest that the government find ways to develop agricultural production, increase financial and scientific investment in rural areas, and let more knowledgeable, educated and skilled laborers stay in rural areas for agricultural development, so that they can earn money in rural areas, which will not affect their wealth, but also take care of the elderly and children.