Zhi Daolin's real name is Zhi Dun, and his word line is the same, but his common surname is Guan. He is a native of Kaifeng, Henan Province, and he calls himself a native of Linxian County, Henan Province. Born in the second year of Jianxing in Di Chin (3 14), he died in the first year (366) at the age of 53.
The Guan family worships Buddhism for generations, and Daolin is influenced by the environment and knows Buddhism since childhood. His family probably moved to Jiangzuo during the Yongjia Rebellion, so when he was a teenager, Daolin was able to live in seclusion in Yuhang Mountain, "Zen Buddhism and practice the classics of Yin Hui", and deeply studied and experienced the profound meaning of Mahayana Buddhism.
Officially became a monk at the age of 25. About his master is a western region Lezhi. According to the custom at that time, the monk followed the teacher's surname, and Daolin changed his surname to an official. Shortly after becoming a monk, he went to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of China, and made contact with celebrities from North Korea. Wang Meng of Taiyuan praised him for "making great contributions and not reducing his auxiliary heirs"; When Chen Jun saw Dorian, Yin Rong thought Wei Jie was near-re-embodiment. Auxiliary heirs Wang Bi and Wei Jie were both leading figures of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. When the young Zhi Daolin first entered Beijing, he was compared to Wang Bi and Wei Jie. It can be seen that his talent and outstanding knowledge were admired by celebrities at that time.
The study style of Buddhism in Jiankang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was very prosperous. Public lectures are often held in major monasteries, with famous Buddhist monks giving lectures to hundreds of people. In addition to our disciples, there are often monks and nuns outside the temple who are free to ask questions and debate freely. This form of lecture is called lecture hall. During Zhi Daolin's health, every time he speaks, he is good at marking religious connections, but chapters and sentences may leave traces. In other words, he is good at grasping the essence of classics and putting forward original opinions, but he often misses classic words. His style is looked down upon by scholars and critics who like to chew words, thinking that he is arrogant and empty. However, when Xie An heard about this situation, he greatly appreciated it, and thought that Zhi Daolin was good at grasping the essence of Buddhism and sketching its branches and leaves, just like the Jiufanggao, which was good at horses in ancient times, sketching its mystery and taking its elegance. Other celebrities, such as Wang Qia, Liu Hui, Yin Hao, Xu Xun, Chi Chao, Sun Chuo, Huan Yanbiao, Wang Meng, Wang Xiu and his son, He Chong, Wang, Xie Changya, all spoke highly of Zhi Daolin like Xie An, and these generations of celebrities have become close friends of Dao Lin.
Zhi Daolin has a special interest in Zhuangzi Xiaoyao and has different opinions. He once talked about this article with Liu Xizhi and others in Jiankang Baima Temple. Someone said, "Suitability is freedom." Zhi Daolin said, "Otherwise. Xia Jie, a famous tyrant and thief in ancient times, had his feet brutally stolen. If appropriateness is the standard of freedom, then they are also free! " Afterwards, Dorian annotated Happy Travel and gave full play to his own views. After writing, I studied Toshihiko for a while, and I was surprised.
At that time, Prajna scholars put forward their own explanations on the relationship between ontology and phenomenon, and formed different schools because of their different explanations. The most representative view is that Dao An and others believe that "nothing" is the essence of "all laws are empty" before all things change. Therefore, take "nothingness" as "foundation", emphasize that "nothingness" is reality, objective phenomenon is "end" and "end" is emptiness. Another important faction is Zhi Min and others, who believe that the noumenon is empty and the phenomenon is real. Dissatisfied with the theories of these two schools, Zhi Daolin wrote articles such as Comparison of Notes in Big Essays and Metaphysics on Color Wandering, and proposed that "color has no self, although it exists, it is empty. Therefore, on the basis of affirming Daoan's "emptiness", the viewpoint that color is emptiness criticizes Daoan's mistake of directly understanding ontology, and advocates that ontology and phenomenon are based on each other, and that ontology (metaphysics) should be understood by phenomenon (color), and in turn, phenomenon should be understood by ontology.
Zhi Daolin's theory criticized and inherited "there is no sect in origin" and "there is no sect in mind". Although it did not fully grasp the true meaning of Indian Prajnaparamita theory represented by A?vagho?a and Dragon Tree, it did surpass other schools in theory and approach the ontology system of Prajnaparamita. Therefore, its theory had a great influence as soon as it came out, and it became the third largest school on the same footing as the two schools of thought of "nothing in nature" and "nothing in mind". People called his theory "Sezong".
Zhi Daolin is very conceited about his "color". After the theory was completed, he showed it to the then celebrity king, thinking that he would definitely get approval. Famous monks advocated "knowing religion" in the process of Buddhism, and often argued with Zhi Daolin that "color is empty". Chi Chao, a famous celebrity, agreed with Dowling's point of view, while He Mo supported Fakaj's point of view. They also had a heated debate. Later, most people sided with Zhi Daolin, but they were angry with Fakaj. However, when they left Jiankangyou County, it shows how popular Zhi Daolin's theory is in the Buddhist and secular circles.
Around the first year of Jianyuan in Jin Kang (343), Zhi Daolin also left Jiankang to build a mountain temple in Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). After that, he went south to Shanxian County (now southwest of Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), first lived in Xiaoling Mausoleum of Shanwo State, and soon moved to Shicheng Mountain to establish Guang Qi Temple.
When Dowling entered the village, Xie An was appointed as the prefect of Xing Wu (the county is in the south of Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province) and wrote to Dowling asking him to move to Xing Wu. The letter said: "I am very disappointed to know that I am going to return to autonomy. Life is like sending an ear, which is almost a glorious thing. It's almost finished. It's been embarrassing all day. It is only waiting for you to meet, and it is a thousand years. "Xie Gongyou never saw him one day, as if he were separated from Sanqiu.
Wang Xizhi is a civil history of Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He has long heard of the high name of Zhi Daolin, but he still has some doubts in his heart. Dorian returned to the county seat and passed through Huiji County to see Xi Zhite. I want to observe Dorian's manners and knowledge. After the meeting, Xi asked, "How did you hear about Xiaoyao?" Zhi Daolin immediately wrote down the main content for him, with thousands of words. Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang, the masters of the study of Zhuangzi, reveal novel and profound meanings and extremely colorful rhetoric. Wang Xizhi looked at it and was amazed, so he untied himself and stayed. Immediately warmly invited Zhi Daolin to live in Jia Ling Temple in this county, aiming to get closer to him and talk more.
When Zhi Daolin lived in Shan County, famous monks such as Zhu Fashen, Yu Fakai, Yu, Zhu Fachong and Zhu Faqian were all there. Celebrities such as Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo, Li Chong and Xu Xun. They are also in this county (Huiji County). The gathering of famous monks and celebrities in the East is really the heyday.
At this time, Zhi Daolin became interested in Zen because he was a little older. From time to time, we hold banquets at the mountain gate, visit the Zen Garden, eat wood and drink water, and have no life. He has made notes in An Yi Shou Jing and Ben Si Qi Zen Jing. Obviously, he also has the requirements of meditation and health preservation.
But his celebrity style has not changed. Besides meditation, I also like to write poems, raise horses, set cranes and enjoy the scenery. His poems often have a strong flavor of old age and Zhuang nationality, and he is good at cursive script and official script. Raising horses and raising cranes is not what monks should do, but he did it right, and it was so interesting that it was in line with his celebrity style. Shi Shuo Xin Yu recorded an anecdote about his raising horses: "Zhi Daolin often keeps several horses. Or people, livestock and horses don't rhyme. Wisdom said: poverty is more important than God. " Then someone gave him a crane. Dorian took the crane to the hillside and said to the crane, "It is better for eyes and ears to play with things that soar to the sky!" " He let the crane go.
Dowling acts willfully, and so on. He never stopped talking about sermons. He once became a monk and went to Yin Shan (Huiji County Institute, now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) to talk about the Mo Wei Classic, with Daolin as the master and Xu Xun as the lecturer, and explained the meaning of the Classic layer by layer in the form of questions and answers. Whenever Dorian dissects a meaning, the audience always thinks it is impeccable, so it should be impossible for Xu Xun to ask any more questions. Unexpectedly, Xu Xun unexpectedly raised new questions, and everyone thought that Zhi Daolin would be stumped this time. Dorian, on the other hand, gave new meaning and was eloquent. So back and forth, until the end of the lecture, the question and answer between the two schools is like a gurgling spring, which will never be exhausted. Dowling's explanation is vivid and vivid, and the audience feels that they have really understood its main idea. But afterwards, they wanted to repeat what Dorian said, and they couldn't go on without saying a few words. Only then did they feel the subtlety of Dowling's justice.
After Emperor Ai of Jin ascended the throne (36 1), messengers frequently asked Zhi Daolin to leave the capital. Zhi Daolin was ordered to return to Jiankang and put it in Dong 'an Temple to give a lecture on Prajna Daoxing Jing, which was admired by the people and the ruling and opposition parties. Wang Meng, a famous scholar, believes that after years of conception, he has mastered the essence of Prajna. He wrote an article of several hundred words about his experience to Zhi Daolin, thinking that Dorian was inferior to himself. After reading the article, Zhi Daolin said slowly, "Being poor and being a gentleman have been separated for many years, but your language has not improved!" " Wang Meng returned home in shame and sighed: "Zhi Daolin is really a reconciliation in the cassock, and we are far behind!"
Zhi Daolin's character and knowledge, although highly praised by literati, are often used as talk materials. Chi Chao once asked Xie An: "What does Gong Lin talk about, like Ji Kang?" Xie An said, "If you work very hard, you can barely catch up." Ask again: "How is it like Yin Hao?" Xie An said, "If you argue endlessly, you will be afraid of yin on the branches; Directly pull it out, Yin will be far away. " Chi Chao very much agrees with Xie An's evaluation. Later, he wrote in a letter to his relatives and friends: "Master Lin is sensible, but he is ignorant. For hundreds of years, Shao Ming Dafa has kept the truth alive, only one person! "
Zhi Daolin stayed in Beijing for nearly three years this time, thinking of the free life in Shanxian mountain area, and asked to return to Dongshan. Eddie approved his application, which enabled the relevant departments to send Dorian on the road with rich funds. At that time, celebrities all went to the suburban kiosks to bid farewell to Daolin. At the party, everyone scrambled to sit near Dowling. Cai Zishu, commander of Fujun, arrived first and sat down beside Dorian's seat. Later, Xie An had to sit far away from Dowling. Later, Cai had something to leave his seat temporarily, and Xie An quickly moved to his vacant position. Cai came back to see that the position was occupied by Xie Zhan. Without saying anything, she picked up Xie Lian's cushion and threw it on the ground, and sat in the original position again. Xie was thrown off his coat and hat, stood up slowly, shook his clothes and sat in his seat, so he didn't mind. This shows how much Zhi Daolin was admired by the sages at that time!
Shortly after Zhi Daolin returned to Shan County, he died in Shichengshan's former residence on April 4th, the first year of Taihe (366), at the age of 53. After his death, he was still admired by celebrities for a long time. Later, Gao Shi passed by his tomb and sighed, "The sound of virtue is not far away, but the arches are numerous and endless." Wang Xun wrote a poem under the master's tomb, and the preface said, "I took the second year of Kangning (374) to drive Shicheng Mountain, which is also the master's mountain. High graves are depressed for barren Chu, and high hills turn into uneven land. The remains are not destroyed, and people are far away. I feel very calm in the past, and I feel sad when I touch something. " In On Virtue, Sun Chuo compared Zhi Daolin to Xiang Embroidery, saying, "Zhi Dun, Xiang Embroidery, Zhuang and Lao, whose two sons are different, are good and mysterious." Later, Wang Gai said: "Zhi Zi is a special show, holding a mysterious watch, the great cause is overwhelming, and the divine wind is clear." This is because Zhi Daolin is a famous monk and celebrity with lofty mind, just like a metaphysical conversationalist, so he was greatly praised by celebrities before his death and will be remembered by generations after his death.