According to legend, in ancient Fuxi, the dragon horse appeared from the Yellow River in Mengjin County, northeast of Luoyang, bringing a "river map" to Fuxi. Based on this, Fuxi became a gossip and later became the source of Zhouyi. Another legend is that when Yu was in Dayu, a turtle emerged from Luohe in Silonen County, Luoyang, carrying a "Luoshu" on his back and gave it to Yu. Dayu succeeded in harnessing water on this basis, so he decided that the world was Kyushu. Based on this, nine chapters of Dafa were established to govern society, which was circulated in history books and named Hong Fan. The Book of Changes says, "Rivers paint, Luo writes and sages write", which refers to these two things.
On the river map, black spots and white spots arranged in several arrays contain infinite mysteries; The sum of the three numbers on the vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines in Luoshu is equal to 15, which is very wonderful. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted long-term exploration and research on this issue, believing that it is the crystallization of the spiritual thinking of Chinese ancestors and the first milestone of ancient civilization in China. The Book of Changes and Hong Fan play an important role in the history of China's cultural development, and have far-reaching influence on philosophy, politics, military science, ethics, aesthetics and literature. As the source of China's history and culture, Hetuluo's works have contributed a lot. ?
Hutuluo is the source of China culture, with yin and yang and five elements. It was first seen in Shangshu, and later described by hundred schools of thought in Yi Zhuan. Tai Chi, Eight Diagrams, Zhouyi, Liu Jia, nine planets, Feng Shui and so on can all be traced back to this point. 1987 Xingyi Tomb unearthed in Xishuipo, Puyang, Henan Province, dating back about 6500 years. The images of dragons, tigers and white tigers painted with shells in the tomb are lifelike, almost exactly the same as those in modern times. The river map has four elephants and 28 dwellings. Its layout is related to the geography of the stars in form and meaning, and it will be informed that it will be excavated when it is buried. In the same year, Anhui Hanshan Turtle-bellied Jade was a statue of Luo Shu, about 5,000 years ago. It can be known that people had mastered the physics of heaven and earth, the number of river maps and Luo Shu at that time According to experts' research, the star map in Xingyi Tomb can be compared with that of 25,000 years ago. This shows that Shao Yong and other sages think that "the river map and Luo Shu are ancient star maps", and their words are true.
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First, the image of the river map
The river map uses ten black and white dots to represent the four images of Yin-Yang, Five Elements, and its picture is square. As follows:
North: There is a white dot inside and six black dots outside, which indicate Xuanwu astrology and five elements of water.
East: There are three white spots inside and eight black spots outside, which represent Qinglong Star and Wuxing Tree.
South: There are two black spots and seven white spots outside, indicating the five behaviors of Suzaku and fire.
West: There are four black spots and nine white spots outside, representing the white tiger star and the five elements of gold.
Center: five white dots inside and ten black dots outside, representing the singularity of time and space, five elements of soil.
(Where odd numbers are white dots for Yang and even numbers are black dots for Yin. Among the four elephants, each elephant commands seven stars and has twenty-eight nights. The above is the river map. Among them, according to the orientation of the ancient constellation facing south, the four elephants are: former Suzaku, later Xuanwu, Zuo Qinglong and right White Tiger. This is the origin of geomantic pictograms.
Second, the number of river maps.
1, number of heaven and earth: the river map * * * has 10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Where 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 is yang, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is yin. Yang adds up to 25, Yin adds up to 30, and Yin and Yang add up to 55. Therefore, the ancients said: "The number of heaven and earth is five out of fifty", that is, the number of heaven and earth is fifty-five. "Being a ghost is also a change". That is, the number of everything is just the number of heaven and earth.
2. The number of existing things: water is above the sky, and the ground is 60%; 70% of the fire days ranked second; There are three trees in the sky, 80% of the land; The land is rich in gold, and the sky is 90%; Heaven is born in five places, and the land is 100%. So one is water, the other is fire, the third is wood, the fourth is gold and the fifth is earth. Six is the quantity of water, seven is the quantity of fire, eight is the quantity of wood, nine is the quantity of gold, and ten is the quantity of soil. Everything has a number, and it can only be born when it is born; Everything has a number, and it can only be achieved if it can be achieved. Therefore, everything has its number.
3, the number of five elements: the number of five elements is the number of five elements, namely water one, fire two, wood three, gold four, soil five, also known as the number of small eyes. One, three and five are positive numbers, and its sum is nine, so nine is the number of anodes. Two or four is a negative number, and its sum is six, so six is a negative number. The number of yin and yang is 15, so it is the number of five elements of yin and yang when converted into Luo Shu, and it is 15 in both vertical and horizontal directions.
4. The number of big swallows: the number of big swallows is 50, that is, the number of five elements taking soil is10; It is also the number of heaven and earth. The number of heaven and earth is 55. Subtract the number of Xiaoyan from the number of Xiaoyan to get the number of Dayan 50, where Xiaoyan is the number of heaven and earth and Dayan is the number of heaven and earth. The so-called "the number of swallows is fifty, and it uses forty-nine" is the method of predicting divination by using the number of swallows: taking one as the body and forty-nine as the use, so it uses forty and nine.
5, dry days: dozens of river maps, but also the number of more than ten days. The mating times are: one, six * * * clans, two, seven kindred spirits, three, eight friends, four, nine friends, five, ten kindred spirits. It is the number of all things that exist. Therefore, Party A is one or six sects, Party B is 27 sects, Party C is 38 friends, Party D is 49 friends and Party E is 50 sects. After ten days of dry intercourse, it became the five elements of dry intercourse, and the body of five elements of river map became the five elements of dry intercourse.
6. The number of Yin absorption in Liujia: the number of heaven and earth is 55 plus the number of five elements, which is the number of Yin absorption in Liujiazi and five elements. On the 10th day, the Yin-Yang and Five Elements intersect with everything, seeking common ground, and making 12 sound synchronously, regardless of silence. According to the river map, the five elements and five elements are imaged ***60. It is the sound number of the five elements of heaven and earth.
Third, the principle of river map
1, left-handed principle of river map: sitting north facing south, Zuo Dong right west, aquatic wood, wood fire, fire born soil, native gold, gold born water, is the left-handed phase of the five elements. Center does not move, one, three, five, seven, nine, positive turn left; Two, four, six, eight, ten, negative left hand; They all rotate clockwise, which is the operation of the five elements. As we know, galaxies like the Milky Way are right-handed from above and left-handed from above. So "anger goes up like a horn." So the left hand is in harmony with the sky, and the right hand is spinning the sky. So whether life is good or bad, the life of left-handed people is also good.
2. Pictographic theory of river map: River map is a star map, which is used in geography, so it looks like the sky and the earth. In the sky, the image is three walls and twenty-eight lodges, and underground, green dragons, white tigers, suzaku, Xuanwu and Tang Ming are formed. The image of the sky is wind and kindness, and the shape of the earth is dragon and water, so it is feng shui. It's the luck of the stars and the gas of the terrain. Therefore, four images and four shapes are the spirits of heaven, earth and five elements.
3. Reasons for the five elements of the river map: The river map sets the innate position of the five elements, namely, East Wood and West Gold, South Fire and North Water, and Middle Earth. The five elements are left-handed, and the middle-earth spins. Therefore, the five elements of the river map are born together, which is the reason why everything is born together. Soil is virtue, so the five elements are born with the virtue of good life.
4. The theory of Yin and Yang in the river map: the soil is the middle yin, the four images are the outer yang, and the theory of internal and external Yin and Yang; Wood fire is yang, and gold water is yin, which is the principle of combining yin and yang; The five elements have their own yin and yang, which is the principle that yin and yang are mutually rooted and homologous; The middle earth is static, and the four images are moving. This is the principle of the movement of Yin and Yang. If the river map is square and forms a circle, the wood fire is yang, the golden water is yin, and the yin soil and the yang soil are black and white fisheye, it is a red map. At this time, water is lunar, fire is sun, wood is shaoyang, and gold is shaoyin, which is the four images of Tai Chi. Therefore, the river map is used for yin and yang, and it is also the source of easy images. One is the embodiment of yin and yang.
5. Congenital principle of river map: What is congenital? Man regards heaven as heaven, and heaven regards man as heaven. People rule the sky, people belong to the sky, and people are the same as the sky. It doesn't matter who they are. At this time, heaven is innate. People can know the sky, but they can go against it. Man is heaven, and heaven is heaven, so it is the day after tomorrow. Innate principle, all things and five elements coexist, mainly based on hair growth. Acquired principle, all things and five elements contain each other, mainly extinction. According to the river chart theory, the earth is in the middle and everything is in harmony, and the left hand is in harmony. Because the earth is in the middle, it is relatively blocked, so the congenital theory was born in the left-handed spiral. Moreover, the principle of river map is that the squares are static, so the river map is mainly static.
The image, number and reason of river map are simple and easy to operate, and emerge in endlessly. Let's stop here.
China's Yi-ology legend about the source of gossip originally refers to good omen in the sky. The characters of Heluo were first found in Shangshu Gu Ming and The Analects of Confucius Zi Han. Shangshu Gu Ming: "Dayu, Yuyi, Celestial Sphere and River Map are in the east sequence." Guan Zi Chen Xiao: "In the past, the people were appointed by the dragon turtle, and the river made a picture, Luo made a book, and the land made yellow." There is no one in Sanxiang today. " Book of Changes: "Rivers draw, Luo writes, and saints write." It is believed that gossip is derived from Heluo. Han people often say this sentence, which explains the origin of gossip with Heluo.
(1) The meaning of Heluo is not understood by later generations. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xin regarded the river map as gossip, and Shang Shu Hong Fan as Luo Shu. There are nine-latitude books in Han Dynasty: River Map and Six-Luo Book. Attached are the figures of Heluo 1996. In the early Song Dynasty, Chen Tuan wrote "Long Yi Tu". Absorbing the theory of nine palaces in Han and Tang Dynasties and the number of five elements, this paper puts forward a schema, namely the famous dragon map, that is, the hermit of Xishu takes Chen Tuan's innate Taiji map as the river map. Liu Mu developed Chen Tuan Dragon Map into two schemata, namely River Map and Luoshu, which are called Nine palace map River Map, and generated five-element map, which is called Luoshu. Zhu Zhen of the Southern Song Dynasty recorded his paintings in the Book of Changes. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Cai thought that the river map and Luoshu were reversed, which was called Luoshu, and the five elements generated map was called the river map. Zhu's Book of Changes has a picture at the beginning. What later generations say is generally based on Cai's theory. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xue took the map of Jiujiang and Luo Shu as the map and geography of the Zhou Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi's theory of images and numbers in Yi-ology and Hu Weiwei's "He Bian" also thought that Hutuluo belonged to the category of four directions. Today, Gao Feng thinks that Hutu Luoshu may be an ancient geography book, while others think that Hutu is an ancient climate map, Luoshu is an ancient orientation map, or Hutu is a map of Tianhe. Opinions vary and are still being explored.
(2) The relationship between the river map and Luo Shu. It is generally believed that the river map is the body and the book is used; River map main transformer, Luoshu main transformer; River maps overlap and Luo Shu re-divides; Fiona Fang hides from each other, and Yin and Yang embrace and serve each other, which are inseparable. Liu Xin of the Han Dynasty thought: "Hutuluo's calligraphy is longitude and latitude." (Note to the History of the Five Elements) Zhu and Cai in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The river map is dominated by the whole, and the enemy is extremely ten; Luo Shu has changed, so it is extremely nine. " "The river map is in one place with the number of five students and fifty percent, showing people and saying that it is often, and the body of the number is also. Luo Shu has five odd and four even, covering the change of yin and yang, and the number is also used. " Surprisingly, the images of rivers in the sky are circular, and there are three of them. Luo Shu is like a place, and its number is two, which is even. Cai Shen (Yi Xue Enlightenment): "The river map is round and used, and saints draw hexagrams with it; Luo Shu is square, with a circle, and saints use it to describe their own domain. " It is considered that the main image of the river map is the main number of Luo Shu; Master He Tu and his wife, Master Luo Shu; The river is quiet, but the book moves. (The Inner Chapter of Hong Ji) In the Qing Dynasty, those who tried to find out the relationship between him and Luo thought that "the river map is outside the circle", "the middle ten points are round cloth" and "the outer four circles are square, containing ten packages, and the Chinese side is still hidden, and the Chinese side is hidden. There is yang in the yin and wonderful yin in the yang. And the middle fifteen, that is, the number of Luo Shu is fifteen in all directions, which is another image of the river map wrapping Luo Shu. The river map points are all tiled, with no discount, and Luoshu is also. " "Luo Shu's outer circle is inside, round black and white * * * 40, and the round cloth is thin outside, wrapping the image of the river map." "The river map has the body of Luo Shu, and Luo Shu really has the magical function of the river map, because the book parity has a Fiona Fang interactive table." (Mu Yi) Modern Hang Xinzhai thought: "The river map is useful for the body, and Luo Shu is useful for the body." "There are people who take gossip with books, but they can't pay attention to it. In fact, the river map is the body and the book is used. The river map is innate, and the book is acquired. " "Therefore, pictures and books are inseparable." (Yi Wedge) Some people think that river maps are "combined" and have the characteristics of odd and even matching, yin and yang embracing each other and generating dependence; Luo Shu emphasizes "points" and has the characteristics of odd-even separation and ectopic. The combination of the two points embodies the dialectical relationship between unity of opposites and ups and downs.
"Hey. Cohesion ":"it is a natural thing, and a saint is also; Heaven and earth change, saints also; The sky hangs like seeing good or ill luck, and saints like it; The river draws a picture, Luo publishes a book, and the sage does it. " Confucius believed in the existence of Hetu and Luoyi, and regarded them as one of the four bases for saints to write Yi.
4 9 2
3 5 7
8 1 6
Nine modes of ancient music in China
The graphics and documents of the river map and Luo Shu have been preserved to this day. In fact, the river chart is arranged from 1 to 10, 5 and 10 form the middle palace, and the odd numbers are yang and white, representing heaven (life); Even numbers are dark black, representing the number of places (into a number). Luoshu is actually a nine-palace, that is, 1-9 arrangement, and the sum of the three numbers is 15. River map and Luo Shu are different in form, but the essence is the same. They all represent the unified system of calendar and divination, with five people from all directions, four seasons and eight festivals, gossip and nine palaces. The October solar calendar and the river chart have something in common because they come from the same source.
"History. Gu Ming: "Dayu, Yuyi, Celestial Sphere and River Map are in the east sequence." Kong Chuan thinks the river map is gossip. Some documents say that when Fuxi was a dragon horse, the negative picture came from the river, while others say that Yao and Yu were influenced by the picture. "Chronicle of Bamboo Books" Xuanyuan Fifty Years Autumn, July, Phoenix Arrives, Emperor Sacrifices to Luoshui "Shen Yue's Note:" Dragon Map Out of the River, Turtle Book Out of Luoshui ... "The saying of taking pictures after the wind is widely circulated. Some people think that the dragon horse is the dragon and Tianma four of the seven nights in the East, which is consistent with the "dragon head with horse body" in Shan Hai Jing. It should be the dragon horse found in the starry sky by the ancient dragon horse totem. Judging from Jiahu culture, it is a fact that divination existed more than 8 thousand years ago, and it is possible to produce pictures and texts such as river maps. Later, it was passed down as "the emperor's order".
In Han Dynasty, Luo Shu was regarded as the nine realms of Hong Fan. "Dragon Luo Yu book, turtle out negative articles, listed in the back. As for the number of nine, Sui Yucheng was the first to become a nine-category conventional road. " Records of Five Elements in Hanshu holds that Luo Shu is from "Talking about Five Elements in the Early Days" to "Using Six Extremes for a Long Time" in Shangshu Hongfan. The Taiyi Jiugong method mentioned in Yi Gan Wei's Letters became the calligraphy used by later warlocks. Taiyi is Taiyi, and the nine palaces are: Central ostentation and extravagance, Bei Gong Yeci, Northeast Tiandai, East Palace Cangmen and Southeast Luo Yin. Nangongtian, southwest Xuanwei, Xigong Cangguo, northwest Silla. Taiyi moved to the Palace on winter solstice, beginning of spring, vernal equinox, long summer, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumnal equinox and beginning of winter. Eight knots correspond to eight winds. Eight directions of gossip, with Jiugong as the center. Eight diagrams azimuth corresponds to eight nodes, which can be proved by daily operation azimuth and bucket handle azimuth. Take the next day's gossip as an example, the earthquake is east, representing the vernal equinox; Xun is the southeast, representing the long summer; Go to the south to represent the summer solstice; Kun is the southwest, representing beginning of autumn; Exchange for the west, representing the autumnal equinox; The northwest is dry, representing the beginning of winter; The ridge faces north, representing the winter solstice; Gen is Yanbei, representing the beginning of spring. The gossip of the day after tomorrow is decided by Zhou Wenwang, while the previous innate gossip was: East beginning of spring, East Vernal Equinox, Southeast Long Summer, South Summer Solstice, Southwest beginning of autumn, Kanxi Autumn Equinox, Northwest beginning of winter, and North Kunming Winter Solstice. Before the Zhou Dynasty, gossip and American Indian gossip were unique gossip. Many octagonal patterns were found in China. Many sites of Songze culture and Dawenkou culture in Dadunzi, Pixian County, Jiangsu Province are relatively early. 4000 years ago, there were still similar patterns in Xiaoheyan culture in Aohan Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. On a jade bird unearthed in Lingjiatan, Hanshan, Anhui Province, there is an octagonal star pattern on the chest and abdomen, and the pattern on the rectangular jade piece sandwiched between the abdominal shell and the carapace of the jade turtle is Guluoshu. The number of holes on the edge of the jade piece is four, five, nine and five. It means that Taiyi took the route from four to five, from six to nine, and then to five. The octagonal star pattern of Daxi culture in Tangjiagang, Anxiang, Hunan, is similar to the Gregorian stone pattern in Astek, Mexico. There is a hibiscus tree on each side of the December phase diagram of Chu Gou's Book, which is similar to the eight diagrams hibiscus tree in Mi Staercke (a branch of Indians). Mistec's Fusang diagram is a pattern of gossip and nine palaces. It can be seen that the Book of Confused Luoshu is the Nine Palaces of Eight Diagrams, and the Nine Palaces of Five People and Eight Sections in Four Seasons are only divided into four quarters and eight quarters, and the position of the Middle Palace is irrelevant.
The ancient Hutuluo books seen in archaeology should only have figures, not numbers. The river chart and Luo Shu of numbers handed down two thousand years ago, although one is 10 and the other is 9, are essentially the same. Its argument can be found in the relevant part of Mr. Ge Zhiyi's "On the Moon Order of Mingtang" (Qiushi Academic Journal, No.5, 2002)
The significance of Hutuluo is that it proves for the first time that the divination thought corresponding to heaven and earth in Yi was embodied as early as six or seven thousand years ago. Secondly, if we admit that the octagonal and octagonal patterns in southern China and Southeast Asia and the Gregorian stone in the United States are calendars, we should admit that similar patterns 6500 years ago are also calendars. Third, we should look at history from a developmental perspective. In the early days, there was no written form of the Eight Diagrams. Liangzhu culture had recorded the hexagrams with numbers, and the hexagrams unearthed in Joo Won? site were one and the other. However, it is a fact that the Eight Diagrams have been circulating for at least 8,000 years in the long history of China culture and distributed in the Pacific Rim. These facts should not be ignored when telling and writing history.
folklore
Origin and legend
On the origin of hetuluo's book. Ancient and modern times have different understandings. Traditionally, it is generally believed that "painting by a river leads to a book" and "Book of Changes": "Painting by a river leads to a book, which is done by a saint." "Book of Rites Li Yun": "The river makes a horse map". There were also negative views in the pre-Qin period:
(1) Fuxi collects river maps and draws eight diagrams. "Biography of Shangshu Gu Ming Kong Anguo": "Fuxi is the king of the world, and the dragon and horse are out of the river, so painting eight diagrams is called a river map." "Han Li Wen Jia": "Fuxi and the world are one, and it is appropriate for heaven to write about birds and beasts, and it is appropriate for the land to write about He Tuluo, so it is appropriate to make changes." "History of the Five Elements": "Liu Xin thought that Fu was the queen of heaven and was influenced by the river map, so he could figure it out and the rumors were true."
(2) The Yellow Emperor collected the river map and wrote "Returning to Tibet". Chronology of Bamboo Book: "In the autumn and July of the 50 th year of the Yellow Emperor, Gengshen, the phoenix bird arrived, and the emperor sacrificed Luoshui." Note: "The dragon figure goes out of the river, the turtle book goes out of Luo, and the scarlet letter is given to Xuanyuan." "Huangdi Neijing": "Huangdi has Xiong's family, a river is long, and Luo Gui is the head of Zhongkun. The so-called "return to Tibet" is also called. So, I returned to the collector. "
(3) Emperor Yao gets a dragon horse map. Fu Ruizhi, Book of Song Dynasty: "In the seventieth year of Emperor, he built altars in Hehe, Luohe, Shunhe and news agencies. And the dragon horse in the province was crowned with the scarlet letter, and the green turtle stopped at the altar and vomited a picture. Armor is like a turtle, and its back is nine feet wide. The picture shows white jade, ruby is the word, mud is gold, and it is about a special rope. "
(4) The negative river map of Huanglong in Shun Di. Fu Ruizhi, a Song book, said, "Shun set up an altar on the river, and Huanglong lost the picture. The picture is 33 feet long and 9 feet wide. Out of the altar, it is red and green. "
(5) Dayu received Luo Shu. Chronology of Bamboo Book: "Xia Yuhou's family." Chen's note: "When Yao was in the river, a white fish grew up and said," My river is good. Hu Yu said: Wen lives to control water. The text gave the map of Weihe River, and the text was used to control water ... Luo Shu Gui Shu was for Hong Fan. "History of the Five Elements": "Liu Xin thought that Yu ruled the water, gave Luo Shu, learned the law, and made nine realms. "
(6) Tang Cheng to Rode Chiwen. "Song Shu Fu Rui Zhi": "Go to Luo, watch the Yao altar, there are black turtles, write in red pen."
(7) Wang Wen received Luo Shu and Ying Hetu.
(8) When a king looks at the river and Luoshui, he gets a dragon map and a turtle book. But what are the river map and Luo Shu? Before the Song Dynasty, ancient books and documents were never published. It was not until Chen Tuan in the Song Dynasty that the river map, Luo Shu, congenital map and Taiji map, which had been lost for more than two thousand years, were passed on to future generations. This is a controversial issue for generations. Around its source, later generations still have the following viewpoints: ① It comes from Taoist alchemy. ② From the observation of the Milky Way. ③ Observed from paleoclimate and orientation. (4) from the ancient calendar referred to by Beidou bucket handle, and thus produced. ⑤ The tail trajectory of comet originated from Luoshu. ⑥ The number of river maps originated from the number of heaven and earth in the Book of Changes, and Luo Shu also originated from the Book of Changes. The above statement is still a family statement and has not been recognized.
One legend is that ...
Legends about Hutuluo are scattered in various historical books, but there are different opinions. Here are some common sayings.
One of the legends is:
According to legend, during crouching, the parishioners in crouching "tied ropes and fished in nets" and raised livestock, which promoted the development of production and improved people's living conditions. Therefore, good luck is a godsend. There is a kind of beast, the dragon carries a horse. It has wings and is eight feet and five inches high. It was approved by Longlin and Ling Bo to tread water, like treading water, carrying map points, entering the Tuhai River from the Yellow River (now Baihe and Songzhuang Township, Mengjin County, Luoyang City) and swimming in the Tuhai River. People call it the dragon horse. This is what later generations often say, "the dragon bears the horse." After seeing it, Fu drew a pattern according to the acupoints of the dragon horse. Then, another turtle appeared from Luoshui. Fu got this book with symbols and painted it as gossip. This is what is recorded in the first chapter of Yi * copula. "Rivers paint, Luo writes, and saints write." That is, what Fu said is "gossip, to understand the virtues of the gods and to love everything". Therefore, later generations built a negative figure temple, called the house. In memory of Fu's achievements in pioneering civilization.
The second legend:
It is said that the Yellow Emperor was deeply loved by the people when he was in the Yellow Emperor. At the same time, it also touched the gods, so the weather was good, the grain was abundant, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. One day, the gods told the Yellow Emperor that there was a book of dragons and turtles in Luoshui. If you get it, the world will be better governed, so the Yellow Emperor led the people to cruise Luoshui. One day, when it was foggy, I vaguely saw a big fish trapped on the beach. The Yellow Emperor sympathized with the experience of this big fish, but he couldn't think of any good way, so he ordered five animals to be killed and sacrificed to the Emperor of Heaven, and personally knelt down to ask for help from the Emperor of Heaven. Heavenly Emperor was moved. After seven days and seven nights of heavy rain, Luoshui soared and the big fish was rescued. After the big fish left, the Yellow Emperor got the Hutuluo book, namely "Scenery of the River Map", which recorded all kinds of knowledge needed by human beings in hieroglyphics. This is the legendary "Luo Xian". According to legend, the place to get this book is in the south of Luoyang, the ancient city of Han and Wei dynasties, at the intersection of the old Ilo River.
Legend 3:
When the time came, Yao led the leaders to travel eastward to Luoshui. When the sun went down, I accidentally sank the jade into Luoshui, and suddenly I saw a light flashing on Luoshui, and a turtle came out and disappeared. So Yao built an altar beside Luoshui, chose an auspicious day, and seriously sank the jade into the bottom of the river. If you tilt slightly, the bottom of the river will be radiant, and then a cloud will fly, with the sound of spraying and spitting water inside. After a gust of wind, the clouds cleared and it was calm. There is a big turtle shell floating on the water, which is nine feet wide and green. The flat part of the shell is distinct in arts and sciences, with stars and seven political degrees, which records the rise and fall of emperors in previous dynasties. Since then, Yi language has spread among the people. This is the legendary "Gui Ling".
The fourth legend:
According to legend, when Yu Shun, Shun Li, sank in Luoshui, the water suddenly turned red, and the turtle came out with a book. Then a roll of Huanglong, a book in the middle of Shu, gave a red pen to Shun. This is the legendary "Huanglong negative book".
The fifth legend:
Legend has it that when Yu was in charge of water control, Yu came to Luohe and saw the negative character of the tortoise, which was listed on the back, from one to nine, so Yu was the first to become a nine-domain. The Book House Yuan Gui * Imperial Office also said that "Yu Xia was the son of heaven, wrote a turtle book with 65 words, which was Hong Fan, and this so-called book publisher was also". In other words, Dayu has made great contributions to water control, and his virtue in the world is praised by all the people. There is a turtle in Luohe, which is 1.2 feet long and has 65 red characters on its back. Some people say that this is the "Hong Fan" in the history books and the nine laws governing the country.
Li Jiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Song of Luo": "A turtle is like a square, and the green word becomes again", praising Luo Gui for seeking negative books and bringing light to the Chinese nation. Turtle Book may be what we now call "Oracle Bone Inscriptions".
Textual research on authenticity-book dispute
Also known as the "Heluo dispute". Since the Song Dynasty, there has been controversy about the authenticity of the Book of Hutuluo and whether the Eight Diagrams are painted according to the river map. The theory of "river painting, Luo writing and sage writing" was put forward, which was basically established in the documents from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. But the Heluotu style has long been lost, at least in the late Tang Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, Chen Tuan was handed down from generation to generation with Hetu, Luoshu, Congenital Map and Taiji Map, which caused a debate between decent (calligraphy school) and negative (doubt school). There is a difference between "Figure 9, Book 10" and "Figure 10, Book 9" of the school of calligraphy. The former thought it was representative, while,,, Zhu,,, Xue, and attacked his theory. The latter is represented by Zhu and Cai. The former had a great influence in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, while the latter was a common saying of later generations. Both of them firmly believe that the river draws a picture, Luo writes a book, and the sage draws a divination. Ancient skeptics regarded rivers and Luo as grotesque and absurd, and attacked them wantonly. Its founder was Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his Yi Tong Wen Zi denied Fuxi's gossip about the river map and thought that the river map was not before Yi. In Yuan Dynasty, Qian's Book of Changes thought that the Book of Changes was composed of Yi numbers because of the Book of Changes, not because of the Book of Changes and the Book of Changes. Chen Yuan Yingrun's Book of Changes points out that the congenital image is the practice of Taoism in the name of the Book of Changes, not the original intention of the Book of Changes. In the Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi's Theory of Images and Numbers in the Book of Changes and Huang Zongyan's Book of Doubts also believed that the book theory actually came from Taoism and had nothing to do with the Book of Changes. Hu Weiwei's Bian believes that Luo Shu originated from Zheng Xuan's annotation and Nine palace map's annotation on the official branch book, and the river map also plays "The number of heaven and earth is fifty-five" in the copula of Zhouyi. In addition, Mclynn Killman Liu's Book of Changes, Mao Qiling's Book of Hutu Luo Yuan in Qing Dynasty and Zhang Huiyan's Notes on Yi Tu all think that Book of Changes was not burned in Qin Dynasty and books should not be lost. Among them, he thinks that Heluo is an alchemy of Taoist health, or that Heluo is just a matter of drawing hexagrams, not just drawing hexagrams. There are many difficulties. At the same time, the affirmations strongly advocated Heluo, which not only refuted the skeptics' remarks, but also made many achievements in the research and interpretation of Heluo. Song Shu School insisted on its own position and promoted it. Wang Anshi and Su Shi also disagreed with Ouyang Xiu's point of view. Yuan Hu, Yi Gui, Wu Cheng and others refuted the theory of doubting the ancient times and made a useful analysis. There are many works on analyzing Heluo in Qing Dynasty. Li Guangdi's Zhouyi Eclectic Theory, Xu Hu's Zhouyi Letters and Jiang Yong's Heluo Jingyun are all excellent works. From the Republic of China to liberation, the two factions struggled constantly. Hang Xinzhai and Huang expounded the meaning of Heluo, which many predecessors did not have. Gu Jiegang is a representative of the modern school of ancient skepticism, and his "Huang Sankao's Letter to the River Turow" completely denied Heluo. 1in the spring of 977, Taiyi Jiugong Zhanpan was found among the cultural relics unearthed from the Western Han tombs in Shuanggudui, Fuyang County, Anhui Province, and its schema was completely consistent with Luo Shu, indicating that the books of the Song Dynasty were by no means fabricated. It is generally believed that Luo Shu existed at the latest in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, but there is still controversy about the source and books of He Tu and Zhouyi.
[Summary] Hutuluo expresses a mathematical thought. As long as we analyze it carefully, we can know that digitalization and symmetry are the most direct and basic characteristics of books, and the mathematical relationship between "harmony" and "difference" is its basic connotation. It is completely possible to prove or deduce the Luoshu of the river map by mathematical methods, and prove that the river map and Luoshu are homologous. It can also be found that the book of confused Luo Shu is related to abacus and swastika to a certain extent.
Hetuluo's calligraphy is two diagrams with black spots or white spots as basic elements, which form several different combinations in a certain way and are arranged into a matrix as a whole, as shown in the figure.
The most famous source of Hutuluo's calligraphy comes from the sentence "River paints a picture, Luo paints a book, and saints paint it" in Yi Zhuan Jie. Based on this, it is considered that gossip comes from these two pictures, which has become one of the important topics in the study of Yi ology. Because all previous dynasties thought that "the dragon and the horse were defeated by the body and the turtle was defeated by the back", it has been cloaked in mystery for hundreds of years and is recognized as the eternal mystery of the source of Chinese culture.
When we examine and sort out the historical traces of Hutuluo, we will find some * * * knowledge:
-The Book of Hutuluo was recorded in ancient books of pre-Qin and Western Han dynasties. "Shangshu Gu Ming" said that "Dayu, Yuyi, Celestial Sphere and River Map are in the east sequence"; "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" said: "Confucius said: Before the wind bird arrived, the river did not draw pictures, and I was married!" ; "Guanzi Chen Xiao" said: "In the past, the people were appointed by the dragon turtle, and the river made a picture, Luo made a book, and the land made yellow. There is no one in Sanxiang today. " Later, it was mentioned many times in the works of Liu Xin, Kong Anguo, Yang Xiong and Ban Gu in the Han Dynasty.
As for what the book Hutuluo looks like, there is no clear statement in each book.
-He Tuluo was discovered in the early Song Dynasty. They originated from Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest in Huashan Mountain in Song Dynasty. The schema he put forward is called "Dragon Map Easy", and the Preface to Dragon Map is contained in, which talks about the three changes of dragon map, namely, one becomes the number of heaven and earth that are not combined, the other becomes the number of heaven and earth that are combined, and the third becomes the negative shape of dragon and horse. Finally, two schemata of the Book of Hutuluo were formed. However, after the Three Changes of Longtu, Chen Tuan did not mention the name of Hutuluo. Liu Mu, a scholar of Yi Studies in the Northern Song Dynasty, named these two pictures for the first time. He studied the book "Long Tu Yi" from Chen Tuan and wrote "Yi Shu Gou Yin Tu", so the book "He Tu Luo" is known to the world. At that time, there was a debate about whether to adopt "Figure 10, Book 9" or "Figure 9, Book 10", and it was finally decided on Figure 10, Book 9, which has continued to this day. Elephant mathematicians in the Song Dynasty believed that gossip originated from these two schemata, thus forming a school in the history of Yi Studies, and explaining the origin of gossip with the help of Hutuluo.
-Luo Shu and Nine Rooms in Mingtang recorded in The Great Wear of Li Ji in the early Han Dynasty are exactly the same as the nine palaces recorded in Ganchidu in the late Western Han Dynasty. Tang Ming appeared at the end of primitive society. It is a building with ritual and sacrificial functions in ancient social life in China, which has always been valued by rulers of all dynasties. .
In a word, judging from the existing historical materials, the source of Hutuluo is ancient and chaotic, and there is no clear and reliable answer.
How to correctly understand the book Hutuluo?
First of all, analyze the book Hutuluo.
Intuitively examining the book Hetuluo, it is not difficult to find that these two pictures have two obvious characteristics: digital and structural symmetry:
First, digitalization. The concept of number is directly and vividly contained in the book. "○" means1; "●●" means 2; ..... and so on, the river chart contains 1 ~ 10 * * 10 natural number, and Luoshu contains 1 ~ 9 * * 9 natural number. Among them, the number of black dots is even and the number of white dots is odd, which expresses the concept of parity of numbers. So digitalization is one of the basic contents of Hutuluo's book.
Second, symmetry. The structural distribution of the two schemes is symmetrical, which is embodied in two aspects: first, the structural form of each number composed of black dots or white dots is symmetrical; Second, the overall structure is symmetrically distributed. The river chart is divided into five groups, with two numbers as one group and [5, 10] as the center, and the other four groups [7, 2], [9, 4], [6, 1] and [8, 3] are evenly distributed around in turn. Luoshu is centered on the number 5, and the other eight numbers are evenly distributed in eight directions.