As a form of expression, beauty exists objectively in all fields of real life. Whether it is natural beauty, artistic beauty or social beauty, it can arouse people's admiration, improve the artistic conception of the soul, enlighten people's wisdom, cultivate temperament, form moral character and beautify life.
Aesthetics is a dynamic and special way for the aesthetic subject to reflect the objective aesthetic object in his mind, and it is also an emotional evaluation and judgment of whether the object is beautiful or not. For example, listening to Beethoven's Symphony of Heroes will arouse our yearning and reverence for the historical achievements of heroes we are familiar with. Seeing a magnificent scene, listening to a piece of music and enjoying a pair of Chinese paintings, people can't help but sigh "how beautiful", which is the natural expression of the feelings of the appreciator and a positive and positive judgment on the beauty of the object to be watched.
People can't live without beauty and aesthetics at any time. If a person lacks aesthetic feeling, then even in front of an amazing masterpiece, or the dazzling sunset in nature, or the amazing beauty everywhere in life, they will only be indifferent and will not feel the shock from the depths of their hearts. He may be high-spirited, but this high-spirited life lacks exciting connotation and depth to set off, and this life is undoubtedly incomplete. Hollins said: "Beauty is a kind of gymnastics of the mind ―― it enables us to have spiritual integrity, pure conscience, correct emotions and thoughts, healthy and positive aesthetic taste, and helps to form noble moral sentiments; Inferior, vulgar and negative aesthetic tastes can only reduce or even corrupt people's moral sentiments. " Only by improving one's aesthetic cultivation can one distinguish beauty from ugliness; Only in this way can we mold beautiful hearts, offer beautiful products and fight against all ugly phenomena. Resist the pollution of all kinds of inferior, negative and vulgar atmosphere to society. Aesthetic ability is one of the basic qualities of talents, a bridge to success and the need of college students' self-development.
Second, the aesthetic misunderstanding of contemporary college students
(A) treat vulgarity as elegance
Some students in our school have a relatively low level of understanding of art. Take music for example, some students don't even know the basic music theory, and their understanding and understanding of music is often one-sided, simple and blind. They think that music is just for entertainment, or that the most popular music in society is the most beautiful music. Therefore, students are interested in some music with simple structure and strong rhythm. Some students pursue fashion and the singing skills of "singers", or often listen to some songs, jazz and rock music with empty content and low style, and sing with relish, but they just don't listen to more elegant national music and symphonies. Like the popular online song "Song of Pigs", it was sung wildly. In the "Super Girl" program held by Hunan Satellite TV, female singers also sang. Teacher Qing Liu clearly pointed out in the comments that this song was "terrible" and hoped that the contestants would stop singing.
(B) the weakening of aesthetic education in schools
Due to the influence of exam-oriented education, many schools have excluded art subjects from the main courses since primary school, and regarded them as dispensable "bean sprouts". Because they are not included in the entrance examination results, professional teachers are not taken seriously, and young aesthetic education teachers switch to work that takes less time and is more efficient. Art education is facing a blank, which is more obvious in senior grades. At the university level, there is little art education for non-dance majors, and most of the training is for celebrations and festivals. Schools do not attach importance to aesthetic education, and students lack aesthetic education, so they do not distinguish between beauty and ugliness. Most exotic clothes and exotic clothes lack cultural connotation, but teenagers are flocking to them; Pop songs are impetuous and frivolous, but "groupies" are fascinated by them. This is enough to prove that young people in our country lack artistic nutrients, so that ugliness and beauty are inseparable, and likes and dislikes are inseparable, which affects the establishment of a correct outlook on life.
(C) the lack of humanistic quality education
I once chatted with a student and talked about the ancients. I said Zhu, what do you think of Neo-Confucianism? I don't know which Zhu he is talking about. I only know that his mother's name is Zhu Qian in Stephen Chow's Chou-heung in Tang Bohu Hall. I'm really in distress situation. It can be seen how this classmate lacks humanistic literacy. For example, to appreciate the flowers of plants, although it is not necessary to fully understand the nature of plants and their physiological, physical and chemical properties, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of the color, shape and taste of flowers. To appreciate works of art, we should not only know the general knowledge of artistic skills, such as music theory, opera program, montage of movies, etc. In addition, when writing and publishing, we should understand the social background of the author's works, so as to grasp the internal laws of the works and learn the methods and skills of creating beauty in the works.
(D) the lack of aesthetic function of campus culture
It is good for our school to hold various activities such as basketball match, volleyball match and cultural performance every year, but the form of campus cultural activities is too single and the function of aesthetic education is not in place. Cultural activities have not changed from "playing and singing" to "learning". A single cultural life can't attract students' interest. The surrounding environment of the campus is becoming more and more complicated, and there are more and more "billiards rooms, video rooms, internet cafes and chess rooms", which attract a considerable number of students. Indulge in it all day, don't make progress, and neglect your studies. The bad surrounding environment of campus and the lack of aesthetic education function of campus culture all affect the construction of school spirit.
(E) the news media mislead public opinion.
In recent years, journalism in China has developed rapidly. Due to the influence of foreign ideology and culture, some media show some vulgar tendencies: they are keen to spread images and words that are coquettish or deceitful, or self-indulgent, or coquettish, and vulgar "sex" news, especially the dissemination of violent and pornographic film and television works, which makes some young students fall into confusion and confusion. Young students are psychologically immature, like to imitate, and are easily tempted by unhealthy entertainment content, which leads to an increase in illegal cohabitation, fighting and gambling between male and female students. Some students don't think about their studies and their lives degenerate. This kind of underworld fighting, rape, robbery and wounding are undoubtedly related to the temptation of these unhealthy entertainment contents. Young students are highly dependent on the environment and lack sufficient discrimination and resistance. Therefore, it is particularly important to create a healthy public opinion environment for them.
Third, cultivate college students' ability to appreciate beauty, distinguish beauty and create beauty.
(A) the addition of aesthetic education courses and related courses
1. Add aesthetic education courses
Aesthetic education is a science that studies the aesthetic relationship between man and reality and its laws, in which the essence, form, aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic process of beauty are the basic research contents of aesthetics. Aesthetic education for college students is to educate their hearts and behaviors through the perception, education and edification of beauty, so that college students can know and understand what beauty is, how to appreciate it and pursue it. How to understand and grasp the law of beauty and discover and create beauty with correct aesthetic concepts and tastes. Schiller, a German poet, pointed out in his book Educational Letters that aesthetic ability and the ability to create beauty are important ways to make people become rational and perfect. A person who doesn't know external beauty and internal beauty, the true meaning of beauty and appreciation of beauty and aesthetics can't be a person with sound mental health and personality. Aesthetic education courses can be added to teaching to introduce students to the characteristics, classification and appreciation standards of natural beauty, social beauty and artistic beauty. Efforts should be made to cultivate college students' ability to appreciate and create beauty, so that they can understand that the perfect image of human beings is composed of many factors. While pursuing human's natural beauty, we should also pursue spiritual beauty. "Spiritual beauty" is the most important factor to determine the beauty and ugliness of people, which is manifested in people's thinking, morality, sentiment, knowledge and cultivation. These courses will help to promote the intellectual development of college students and establish a sound intellectual structure and a sound personality structure.
2. Offering the course of "Basic Art Theory and Appreciation"
In colleges and universities, it is very necessary to carry out artistic quality education for college students. It can help students to establish a correct aesthetic view; Improve aesthetic taste, cultural taste and humanistic quality; Cultivate the ability to feel beauty, appreciate beauty, express beauty and create beauty. In the first half of last year, I undertook the dance education task of the Art Troupe. Many college students show unusual excitement and desire for art and sign up for it. Therefore, appreciation courses such as music, dance, painting, calligraphy, photography, architecture, gardens, sculpture, drama, film and television, literature can be offered in the form of aesthetic education. The easiest way is to start with the music appreciation class. Explain the theoretical knowledge of some music majors from the simple to the deep, appreciate some famous Chinese and foreign songs, teach them to appreciate the elegant music art, and at the same time highlight the analysis of the work, so that students can clearly know the content of this work and guide them to know and understand art in essence. Let students sublimate their emotions in pleasure, cultivate their spirit in the pleasure of art appreciation and practical education, and finally play a role in purifying morality. Make young college students gradually break away from low-level tastes and reach a noble personality realm. At the same time, chorus training is used to consolidate and improve the musical ability formed in the music appreciation class. It not only cultivates emotions, but also cultivates the collectivism spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance among students. They can also apply the music knowledge they have learned to the practice of campus cultural life, that is, speaking on stage, singing, arranging music, making music programs and so on. Students' campus cultural life will also be active. At the same time, art education should be included in the important agenda and educational development plan. And formulate a comprehensive, clear and quantifiable evaluation system and standard, so that it can be included in the whole education evaluation system.
3. Add aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics to the teaching of physical education class.
Aerobics is a new sport which integrates gymnastics, dance and music, aims at exercising, features health, strength and beautiful appearance, and aims at improving health, shaping body shape, improving cardiopulmonary function and improving human aerobic metabolism. Accompanied by music, we can easily and happily improve the body curve, make the appearance more symmetrical and harmonious, and make the posture more vigorous and beautiful. Aerobics is deeply loved by college students. The results of ten most popular sports carried out by the State Sports General Administration show that aerobics is the runner-up after health qigong. In addition, aerobics is not limited by venues, equipment and seasons. The physical education teaching and research section of our school should make full use of the physical education class of 100 minutes in each class. Teachers professionally guide students to do aerobics, laying a solid foundation for their lifelong sports. Rhythmic gymnastics can also be set up in the future, which is of great help to cultivate students' elegant temperament, cultivate beautiful sentiments, improve aesthetic consciousness and establish a correct aesthetic view.
(B) to strengthen the humanistic quality education
To cultivate aesthetic ability, we need to have certain humanistic qualities. Including a certain knowledge reserve, cultural accomplishment and life experience. There is a high school student looking for Wu Changshuo's "Amo River Map" in Qing Dynasty from his suitcase at home. He didn't understand its artistic value, so he made a draft on it, ruined the famous painting and made his father vomit blood. How do teenagers who lack cultural literacy learn correct aesthetics? We must strengthen humanistic quality education. It is not advisable for students to know nothing or know very little except their major. I suggest that students should "learn from others" and "stand out from others" in this respect. We can strengthen classroom teaching, hold cultural quality education lectures, popular science competitions and other activities, and improve college students' cultural taste, aesthetic taste, humanistic quality and scientific quality by educating students in humanities, social sciences and natural sciences such as literature, history, philosophy and art. For liberal arts students, we can increase some natural science education, while for science students, we should increase more social science education. At the same time, humanistic quality education should penetrate into the teaching of professional courses and run through the whole process of professional education, so that humanistic quality education and professional education can blend and penetrate each other; University teachers should also constantly improve their humanistic quality education, understand their national culture, advantages, disadvantages and development trends, guide students and establish a rich cultural atmosphere, thus improving the cultural taste and style of universities.
(3) Pay attention to the introduction and training of professional teachers. Aesthetic education should have supporting infrastructure and special funds to support it.
To enhance aesthetic ability, we should not only strengthen humanistic quality education, but also attach importance to teachers' role as teachers. A prominent weak link in aesthetic education is the shortage of teachers, the low qualified rate of music teachers and the serious loss. At present, in order to solve this problem, (1) must recruit a group of high-quality art university graduates or master students. (2) Send a group of teachers with artistic skills to our school for professional training every year to improve the education, degree and qualification rate of art teachers. Strive to improve the overall quality of art teachers in our school through three to five years' efforts. (3) Establish an art teaching and research section and offer art education courses in our school. Increase the research on art textbooks, teaching methods and teaching. (4) There should be supporting infrastructure, and cultural activity centers, dance training halls, studios, gyms and gymnastics rooms should be established. (5) There should be special fund support. "A clever woman can't cook without rice", so that teachers will have confidence and work more actively. (6) Make use of interest mechanism and policy orientation to retain and make good use of existing art teachers and stabilize this team. Art teachers should be treated equally with other teachers, especially professional teachers, in terms of professional title evaluation, evaluation first, promotion, housing and welfare treatment. In order to meet the needs of the transformation from higher vocational education to general higher education.
(D) Strengthen the construction of campus culture and guide students' aesthetic consciousness.
1. Mould the university spirit, improve the cultural taste and create a healthy and civilized campus cultural life.
Lively, healthy and civilized campus life is one of the elements of a sound personality, and the construction of campus culture should always be designed and carried out around promoting the formation of personality. Spiritual value of culture and art itself: the cultural spirit of freedom, democracy, creativity and openness is the soul of college students' extracurricular cultural and artistic activities. Campus cultural activities should be innovative, bold and try, and constantly improve cultural taste. College students explore the creative spirit of art, the free spirit of art appreciation, the tolerant spirit of cultural tolerance and the cooperative spirit of artistic harmony in the enjoyment of art and culture, which is what university culture really pursues. With the construction of a learning society, knowledge-based, creative and expressive cultural activities will be brought into full play: the Science and Technology Culture and Art Festival, the "Challenge Cup" extracurricular academic and scientific works competition for college students, and we advocate high-grade campus cultural activities, that is, the combination of artistic appreciation and artistic practice. For example, we can hold national music CD appreciation meeting, campus original concert, campus drama performance, drama sketch contest, Chinese and foreign classic film exhibition and evaluation, human landscape photography contest, stamp collecting, creative exhibition, Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival, campus civilization ambassador selection contest, environmental protection handicraft production contest, campus original literature, campus poetry collection and various campus original works and literature appreciation on campus network.