Origin: Modern basketball originated in America 189 1. James naismith was then a physical education teacher at Springfield Youth Christian School in Massachusetts, USA. At that time, it was called "naismith Ball", and later it was called "Basketball". Finally, according to the activity content, it is to throw a ball into the basketball basket, and the life in profile is basketball. First, the initial stage (65438+1990s to1920s); Second, the stage of perfection and popularization (1930s to 1940s); Third, the stage of popularization and development (1950s to 1960s); Fourth, the overall improvement stage (1970s to 1980s); V. Innovative Climbing Stage (1990s to 1980s) The development of basketball has been 100 years since its birth. In the past 100 years, basketball has developed from a game activity to one of the most popular sports in the world. The competitive technical level of basketball has been improved with the popularization, especially in the 1990s, when American professional teams were allowed to participate, their superb skills pushed the world basketball to a new peak. This period is a new period of innovation and leap of modern basketball in 2 1 century. The 20th century has passed, where will the future basketball develop? Understanding the development trend of world basketball will contribute to the development of basketball theory and practice in China in the new century. This paper reviews the development history of world basketball, discusses the development trend of world basketball in 2 1 century, and predicts the future development trend. 1. The team is large, the tall players are fast, the skills are comprehensive, and the position tends to be blurred. Restricted by the characteristics of basketball events such as the area of the field and the fixed height of the basket. Tall players have the advantage of high altitude in the application of rebounding, blocking and other techniques, and the attack and defense area is expanded, which makes them more powerful in confrontation. Large-scale teams have become one of the basic conditions for the development of top teams in the world. Tall players are often comprehensive, fast and flexible. Qian Chenghai, a former famous men's basketball coach in China, said: "Basketball is a huge sport, and the height and weight are directly proportional to the result." . From the statistics of the last two Olympic Games and World Championships, we find that the average height of the top three players in the world men's basketball team is more than 2m, and the average weight is about 100kg. This is determined by the characteristics of basketball. In several games of the men's basketball team in the 27th Olympic Games, China was able to compete with the American "Dream Team" from the beginning because China had three tall, young and flexible centers. However, in the future, basketball only depends on height and weight, and may not win the initiative. Tall players are often comprehensive, fast and flexible. Johnson, a former 2.03-meter-tall "magician" in NBA, can not only participate in fast break and fast defense, but also show superb skills in breaking through and organizing attacks. Comprehensive technology and changeable tactics make the traditional position division more and more blurred. There is no absolute position difference among center, power forward, small forward, point guard and attack guard. A player can often be competent in many different positions. It is necessary to emphasize the unity of height, strength and flexibility, and the combination of comprehensive skills and specialties. This is not only the remarkable feature of today's high-level basketball players, but also the future development trend of basketball. 2. Players in China are increasingly demanding speed and physical confrontation (1). Speed demands speed quality plays a particularly important role in the physical quality of basketball players. Good speed quality is an important factor for athletes to gain time and space advantages in the competition, and it is also a decisive factor for athletes to effectively use skills and tactics in the competition. With the continuous improvement of movements, the improvement of physical function has become a constant concern of everyone, and the improvement of speed is free from all refugees. A good shooting guard should have good explosive speed, and the speed of the whole team should be improved, which often provides a higher opportunity for quick counterattack and quotation stealing. (2) The weakness of physical confrontation for China team lies in its lack of physical confrontation and strong physical contact, so it is difficult to occupy a place on the field. Asian players generally don't pay attention to physical confrontation. On the one hand, they are too weak compared with western countries, on the other hand, they don't attach importance to them. The rules of international basketball are constantly changing, but the scale of confrontation between players is constantly expanding, which shows that physical contact is inevitable in future games. Domestic players must realize this problem and improve their own strength. One of the main gaps between other strong basketball teams in the world and the United States is the ability to complete technical movements in high-speed confrontation and speed. Whoever wants to take the initiative in the future basketball game will improve the quality of completing technical actions in high-speed and strong confrontation. 3. The simplicity and effectiveness of tactics are enhanced, and the offensive and changeable defense of "people-ball-oriented" is more common, and the personal defense is more fierce. With the further improvement of China players' physical quality and skills, the diversification of fast break forms, and the enhancement of offensive and defensive conversion consciousness, the application of offensive tactics will be more concise and practical. Due to the increasingly aggressive and destructive defense in basketball games and the expanding defensive area, it is more and more difficult for most people to participate in offensive tactics, and the mobile attack of two or three people in local areas is gradually being widely adopted by the world's top teams. The attack coordination between two or three people, the attack point is not fixed, the athletes run quickly, constantly interspersed with cover, and freely choose cooperation, which is easy to create advantages in the local area and make the attack successful. The triangle attack of Chicago Bulls and the defeat of Utah Jazz in NBA are all simple and practical models. The simple defensive principles of "people-oriented" and "region-oriented" are far from adapting to modern high-speed and high-intensity competitions. In position attack, individual mobile attack will be more prominent. Mobile attack highlights the initiative and creativity of athletes, which can maximize the initiative and creativity of athletes and give play to their subjective initiative. At present, among the top teams in the world, individual storm has accounted for 1/3 of the total number of attacks. "People-oriented" is extremely aggressive, changeable defense is more common, and the defensive action is more active, positive and fierce. Defenders often take the defensive tactics of close-fitting press, taking the initiative to grab the ball, body, mind and technique to attack opponents actively, which causes heavy pressure on opponents and increases the difficulty of attack. Especially in the restricted area, players are absolutely not allowed to move freely, otherwise severe physical contact and collision will occur, which will enhance the difficulty of attack and make the game more enjoyable. In a word, defensive occupation will be more aggressive and comprehensive, and the conversion between attack and defense will be faster. The number of star players will be an important symbol of strength. With the improvement of all-round quality and skills, the number and quality level of the stars are the signs of the strength comparison of the team, and it has become inevitable for the development of modern basketball to cultivate all-round stars and stars with special skills. As the saying goes, "a thousand troops are easy to get, but generals are hard to find", and its connotation and reason are also here. Having star players is exactly what China needs, and a team needs a core. Since the development of basketball, the technical and tactical level has been greatly developed, and the requirements for athletes are getting higher and higher. Today's world-class teams all have "star players". The star is the main scorer or organizer on the field and the soul of the team, which integrates all-round competitive qualities such as body, technology, wisdom, self-confidence and will. As far as pure technology is concerned, star players have mastered skilled and comprehensive technology, have their own "unique skills", and have strong combat effectiveness, which is even the key to winning the game. The performance of star players on the court always plays an important role in the overall tactical cooperation efficiency and the change of the war situation, and sometimes even plays a decisive role. It is with star players like O 'Neal and Kobe that the Los Angeles Lakers won the NBA championship in the 1999-2000 season. It can be predicted that in the future basketball games, the role of star players will be more prominent. 5. China women's basketball team will continue to develop into men's basketball style. Since it became a formal competitive sport, the women's basketball team has developed rapidly and entered the 2 1 century, with its level and influence attracting worldwide attention. Female players not only show tenacious style and strong will in the competition, but also develop into men's basketball style in terms of skills and tactics. The most prominent feature of the development of women's basketball in the world today is that women's movements tend to be masculine. American women's basketball team can dominate the basketball world in recent years because of their excellent physical quality and masculine skills. It can be predicted that the masculine style of women's basketball will become more and more obvious in the future. 6. The role of China's coaching level highlights that "a thousand troops are easy to get, but one will be hard to find", which is not only reflected in the reality of China's current basketball front, but also in the ranks of the world's basketball powers, and deeply feels the lack of ideal coaches. Coaches with high IQ, high accomplishment and high level not only directly affect the formation and cohesion of the team, the formation and development of tactical style, but also play a role in boosting morale and adjusting mentality of the whole team, especially at the critical moment of the game. Timely use of tactics to change the formation and adjust the lineup can better save the day and turn the tide, which reflects the coach's talent and good occupational character cultivation. For example, since the 1990s, Michael Jackson, one of the most influential coaches in NBA professional games and former Chicago Bulls coach, has reunited world superstars such as Jordan, Pippen and Rodman in NBA finals with his wisdom, talent and charisma, and has surpassed the 30-year-old Bulls. With the so-called "defensive gossip array" and "offensive maneuver triangle coordination" and his clever, resourceful and changeable command, it is difficult for opponents to show themselves, thus winning two consecutive championships and pushing NBA to a new position in the development of modern basketball. In recent years, he led the Lakers not only to pay attention to the glory of the past, but also to further demonstrate his coaching talent. It can be seen that the modern basketball game is not only a contest between athletes on the field, but also a contest between the coach's daily training and management and the comprehensive wisdom and talent on the field. Therefore, the talents of modern basketball coaches have been paid more and more attention by the world basketball community. 7. The professional level of basketball in China will continue to improve. Professionalization is the inevitable trend of basketball development. American NBA (National Basketball League) has become a model for the professional development of basketball in the world today with its superb competitive level and successful business operation mode. In the past 50 years, it has grown from 1 1 team to 29 teams, attracting a large number of top players in the world and becoming the "Everest" in the hearts of world fans. In addition, there are CBA (Continental Basketball Association) and ABA (American Basketball Association) in the United States, and there are three major professional leagues in Europe: Clatchy Cup, Winners Cup and European League, with as many as 10 professional teams participating. In Asia, the level of basketball professionalism is relatively backward, but in recent years, China, Japanese, Korean and other Asian countries have also held professional leagues. Because professionalism is compatible with social development, with the continuous attention and development of sports in China, we have reason to believe that the professionalization level of basketball in China will continue to improve in the future. Conclusion: To sum up, the general trend of world basketball development is: the high-level all-round confrontation of technology, tactics, physical fitness and psychological stability will develop to a higher level, and the balanced development of attack and defense will be highly valued; With the selection and training of basketball players, more attention will be paid to "all-around and one strong"; The role of stars will become more and more prominent; Athletes and coaches will have a rapid leap in cultural quality, psychological quality, intelligent structure and practical experience; Women's basketball tends to be masculine; The degree of specialization will continue to improve. writing