Energy saving and emission reduction situation
At present, the situation facing the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction is very severe. Since last year, the whole country has been strengthening energy conservation and emission reduction. The State Council issued a decision to strengthen energy conservation and formulated a series of policies and measures to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Various regions and departments have made work arrangements one after another, and positive progress has been made in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, last year, the country failed to achieve the energy conservation and emission reduction targets set at the beginning of the year, which increased the difficulty of energy conservation and emission reduction in the next four years after the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. More seriously, in the first quarter of this year, industries, especially those with high energy consumption and high pollution, grew too fast. Six major industries, such as electric power, steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, petroleum processing and chemical industry, which accounted for nearly 70% of the national industrial energy consumption and sulfur dioxide emissions, increased by 20.6%, 6.6 percentage points faster than the same period last year. At the same time, there are still some problems in all aspects of work, such as inadequate understanding, unclear responsibilities, inadequate measures, imperfect policies, inadequate investment and poor coordination. If this situation is not reversed in time, not only will it be difficult to make significant progress in energy conservation and emission reduction this year, but also the overall goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan will be difficult to achieve.
Significance of energy saving and emission reduction
China's economy has grown rapidly, and great achievements have been made in various constructions, but at the same time, it has also paid a huge price in resources and environment. The contradiction between economic development and resources and environment is increasingly acute, and the masses have a strong reaction to environmental pollution. This situation is directly related to the unreasonable economic structure and extensive growth mode. If we don't speed up the adjustment of economic structure and change the growth mode, resources can't support it, the environment can't accommodate it, the society can't afford it, and economic development can't be sustainable. Only by adhering to economical development, clean development and safe development can we achieve sound and rapid economic development. At the same time, greenhouse gas emissions lead to global warming, which has aroused widespread concern in the international community. Further strengthening energy conservation and emission reduction is also an urgent need to cope with global climate change, and it is our responsibility.
Starting point of energy saving and emission reduction
First, we must accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure. Vigorously develop the tertiary industry, pay attention to specialized division of labor and improve social efficiency, and actively develop producer services; Focusing on meeting people's needs, facilitating people's lives and promoting the development of life service industry; Vigorously develop high-tech industries, adhere to the road of new industrialization, promote the upgrading of traditional industries, and increase the proportion of high-tech industries in industry. Actively implement the strategy of "changing cages for birds" and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, technology, technology and equipment; Enterprises that fail to be eliminated on schedule shall be ordered to stop production or close down according to law.
Second, vigorously develop circular economy. According to the concept of circular economy, accelerate the ecological transformation of the park, promote the construction of eco-agricultural park, build an inter-industry ecological chain, and promote the recycling of waste between industries. It is necessary to promote cleaner production in enterprises, reduce the generation of waste from the source, realize the transformation from terminal treatment to pollution prevention in the whole production process, promote the reduction and resource utilization of energy consumption, industrial solid waste and packaging waste in enterprises, control and reduce pollutant emissions, and improve resource utilization efficiency.
Third, we must strengthen technological innovation. It is necessary to organize and cultivate scientific and technological innovative enterprises and improve the regional independent innovation ability. Strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutions, build a technology research and development service platform, and focus on building technical standard demonstration enterprises. Focusing on the efficient recycling of resources, we will actively carry out research on key technologies such as substitution technology, reduction technology, reuse technology, resource utilization technology and systematization technology, and break through the technical bottleneck that restricts the development of circular economy.
Fourth, we should strengthen organizational leadership and improve the assessment mechanism. It is necessary to set up working institutions to develop circular economy and build a conservation-oriented society, and study and formulate various policies and measures to develop circular economy and build a conservation-oriented society. It is necessary to set up special funds for developing circular economy and building a conservation-oriented society, focusing on supporting circular economy development projects, energy-saving and consumption-reducing activities and subsidies for technological innovation in emission reduction. It is necessary to incorporate the gross domestic product of 10,000 yuan, chemical oxygen demand and total sulfur dioxide emissions into the annual plan for national economic and social development; It is necessary to establish and improve the energy conservation and environmental protection guarantee mechanism, and incorporate consumption reduction and emission reduction indicators into the government's target responsibility and cadre assessment system.
Energy saving and emission reduction measures
1. First, control the increment and adjust the optimized structure. It is necessary to control the excessive growth of industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, improve policies and measures to promote industrial restructuring, actively promote energy restructuring, and accelerate the development of service industries and high-tech industries.
2. Increase investment and fully implement key projects. Accelerate the implementation of ten key energy-saving projects. Implement water-saving projects. Accelerate the construction of water pollution control projects. Promote the treatment of sulfur dioxide in coal-fired power plants. Raise funds for energy conservation and emission reduction through multiple channels.
3. Innovate the mode and accelerate the development of circular economy. Deepen the pilot project of circular economy, promote the comprehensive utilization of resources, promote the recycling of garbage, and comprehensively promote clean production.
4. Rely on science and technology to accelerate technology development and popularization. Accelerate the research and development of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, accelerate the industrialization demonstration and promotion of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, accelerate the establishment of energy-saving and emission-reduction technical service systems, promote the healthy development of environmental protection industries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.
5. Lay a solid foundation and strengthen the management of energy conservation and emission reduction. Establish a government accountability system for energy conservation and emission reduction, and establish and improve the index system, monitoring system and assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction.
6. Improve the legal system and strengthen supervision and inspection of law enforcement. Improve energy conservation and environmental protection standards and carry out special law enforcement inspections on energy conservation and emission reduction.
7. Improve policies and form an incentive and restraint mechanism. We will actively and steadily push forward the price reform of resource products, improve fiscal policies conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction, and implement tax policies conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction.
8. Strengthen publicity and raise the awareness of saving the whole people. Organize the annual National Energy Conservation Publicity Week, National Urban Water Conservation Publicity Week and World Environment Day, Earth Day and Water Publicity Day. Infiltrate the concept of saving resources and protecting the environment into all kinds of school education and teaching, and cultivate children's awareness of saving from an early age.
9. The government plays a leading and exemplary role in energy conservation. In terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, the central government will take the lead in setting an example. This year, 50 million high-efficiency and energy-saving products will be promoted nationwide, and the central state organs will take the lead in replacing energy-saving lamps.
Energy Saving and Emission Reduction and Our Life
Some simple changes can reduce energy consumption. For example, office workers who are close to home can commute by bike without driving; Choose trains instead of planes for short trips; When it is not necessary to continue charging, unplug the charger from the socket; If you don't use the computer within an hour, turn off the host and monitor conveniently; Taking a shower instead of bathing every day can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 0. 1 ton per person throughout the year. ...
We can also make appropriate adjustments according to different environments and locations.
First of all, at home
1. Lighting power consumption
Pay attention to turn off the lights. Use efficient and energy-saving light bulbs. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that 400 million tons of carbon dioxide can be prevented from being released only by using energy-saving light bulbs instead of traditional ones.
It is best not to switch energy-saving lamps for a short time. It is reported that energy-saving lamps actually consume the most electricity when switching.
Don't leave what you can finish during the day to do at night. Wash clothes and do homework before dark. Going to bed early and getting up early is good for health, environmental protection and energy saving.
2. Low-carbon cooking
Try to save energy in the kitchen. When cooking oil is heated, it produces carcinogens, which leads to the indoor environment pollution by oil fume. Reduce cooking and cook more vegetables. Don't fill the rice cooker and kettle too full, otherwise the soup will overflow after boiling, which will not only waste energy, but also easily put out the stove fire and cause gas leakage. Adjust the combustion range of the flame so that it does not exceed the outer edge of the bottom of the pot to obtain the best heating effect. If the fire in the pot is small, the flames burning around the bottom of the pot will only be wasted.
Cook and stir-fry at home, just eat and don't stir-fry. When you see discarded food on the road, you can pick it up and feed it to wild dogs, wild cats, birds and other small animals. Deteriorated food can be buried underground as fertilizer.
3. Water saving coup
Taomi water is a good detergent, which can be kept for washing dishes or watering flowers.
Pots and plates stained with oil are cleaned with used napkins first, which saves water and time, and can also use less detergent to reduce water pollution.
When washing clothes, you can add a small amount of soap powder, because washing powder will reduce a lot of foam when it meets soap, which saves water and cleaning time.
Wash your face and hands. Use a small washbasin to collect water, and then pour it into a vat for collection.
Water for washing hands, bathing, washing clothes and vegetables and relatively clean dishwashing water can be collected to wash rags, floors and toilets.
Step 4 take care of your clothes
Dress beautifully and generously, simple and solemn, with a little fashion. Compared with those fashionable clothes, traditional clothes have better freshness and durability.
When going out, you can wear formal clothes instead of household clothes. After returning home, you can change into loose and comfortable household clothes, which can prolong the life of formal clothes.
Pay attention to clothes when eating and walking, and avoid splashing oil stains and mud stains.
Wear apron or work clothes when cooking and working to protect clothes from being damaged.
When washing your hair and face, cover your collar with a towel and roll up your sleeves to prevent your clothes from getting wet by water.
Take off your clothes, fold them, put them in the closet or hang them in the closet. Don't leave them outside to avoid getting dirty.
Change your pajamas at night, which is neat and does not damage your clothes.
After washing dirty clothes, if there are defects, you can make up them with cloth pieces of similar color. Don't be afraid of losing face. Only by dressing solemnly and neatly and behaving politely and appropriately can we truly have dignity and face.
5. Energy-saving use of household appliances
When buying washing machines, televisions or other electrical appliances, choose reliable low-consumption and energy-saving products.
Cut off the power supply in time when the TV and computer are not in use, which not only saves electricity, but also prevents the hidden danger of fire caused by short circuit of sockets. Please turn off the power of the water dispenser when not in use. Keep the refrigerator frost-free
recycle
By recycling to reduce the recycling of materials, the number of new raw materials can be reduced, thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions. For example, the recycling of organic materials such as paper and cardboard can avoid methane (a greenhouse gas, mainly methane) released by landfills. According to statistics, recycling one ton of waste paper can produce 800 kilograms of recycled paper, which can reduce the felling of 17 trees, save more than half of papermaking raw materials and reduce water pollution. Therefore, saving paper means protecting forests and the environment.
Recycling plastics and metal products, recycling one kilogram of aluminum can avoid eleven kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions.
Minimize the consumption of aluminum film packaging, Tetra Pak brick packaging and other disposable goods.
7. Energy-saving fitness methods
If the stairs in the building where you live have good ventilation, good lighting and complete safety facilities, you can do "stair climbing exercise" every day, save electricity at the same time, and you can complete fitness, mental health and temperament improvement at one time.
Hand washing light clothes is also good exercise. Standing in front of the laundry pool in a standing position not only exercises the strength of the feet, but also relaxes the waist and back that are often in a state of tension. Wash clothes with both hands at the same time, saving water and electricity while exercising the flexibility of fingers and the coordination ability of left and right brains.
8. Save energy for heating and cooling.
Most families consume energy for heating and cooling. As long as natural ventilation is effectively used to avoid room overheating, the cost and carbon dioxide emission can be simply reduced by 10%.
Check the insulation quality of attic and hollow wall. Check whether the gaps between doors and windows are closed in winter.
When the weather is not very hot in summer, it is best to use fans or electric fans instead of air conditioners. When using the air conditioner, don't turn the temperature too low.
9. Renewable energy
Using various renewable energy technologies can greatly reduce the carbon dioxide produced in the process of using energy. Solar energy can heat water and generate electricity. Biomass heating systems are increasingly used in some European countries, and some new small wind turbine generators have been available for home use.
10. Garbage classification treatment
Garbage sorting can recycle valuable resources and reduce the energy consumed by landfill and incineration. For example, waste paper is sent directly to a paper mill to produce recycled paper; Beverage bottles, cans and plastics can also be sent to related factories to become renewable resources; Household appliances can be sent to specialized manufacturers for decomposition and recycling. Different garbage bags can be prepared at home to collect waste paper, plastic, packaging boxes, kitchen waste and so on. It is not only our duty to separate and recycle garbage every day, but also conducive to cultivating children's habits and awareness of caring for the environment.
1 1. Exchange and donate surplus items.
Collect redundant or unused items and reuse them through exchange and donation.
Second, on the road
1. Economy car
Energy-efficient cars produce less carbon dioxide per kilometer. Generally speaking, the heavier a car is, the more fuel it consumes and the more carbon dioxide it produces. Compared with economical small-cylinder cars, the carbon dioxide emissions of large SUVs and luxury cars are at least twice as high. Off-road vehicles have a high safety factor, but they consume a lot of fuel. The power transmission of automatic transmission cars is accomplished by hydraulic pressure, which will cause power loss when working, especially when driving at low speed or parking in traffic jam, and the fuel consumption is even greater.
2. Fuel
Gasoline and diesel: Environmentally friendly gasoline and diesel can improve the performance of automobiles. It can clean the engine of the car, reduce the friction of the engine and make the fuel burn more fully, thus reducing air pollution.
Bio-liquid fuel: Compared with traditional automobile fuel, bio-liquid fuel may reduce carbon dioxide emissions. China is already the third largest producer and user of fuel ethanol in the world. Fuel ethanol has been widely used in the vehicle fuel market in nine provinces of China.
Wise travel
Plan the best route before you leave.
Think carefully about your travel needs. Try to use public transportation.
Have you ever thought about taking a bus with your family and friends? Do you really need to fly? Maybe teleconference will save more time and money and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
4. Car maintenance
Do a good job in the daily maintenance of the car to ensure its best performance. Check tire pressure and oil. Remove the roof rack and box when it is not needed, because these will reduce the efficiency of the car 10% or more.
5. When driving
Pay attention to oil distribution and coordination when driving, and keep the economical speed. Tests show that stepping on the accelerator consumes 2-3 times more fuel than driving at medium speed, so avoid braking suddenly and starting abruptly when driving, and try to start smoothly.
When waiting in line, in traffic jam or waiting for someone, try to avoid idling the engine. The fuel consumption of the engine idling for 3 minutes can make the car run 1 km. Therefore, if the residence time exceeds 1 min, it should be closed.
6. Improve the efficiency of going out to work
Don't drive out alone unless necessary. Before going out every time, make a list of things to do and try to finish them at one go. This can reduce energy waste and environmental pollution caused by traffic jams.
Third, when shopping
1. Bring your own shopping bag or reuse plastic bags for shopping.
The raw materials of plastics mainly come from non-renewable mineral energy such as coal, oil and natural gas. Saving plastic bags means saving the earth's energy. The amount of plastic waste in China exceeds one million tons every year. Disposable plastic bags not only cause huge waste of resources, but also increase the amount of garbage sharply.
Buy local products
Buying local products can reduce the carbon dioxide produced during product transportation. For example, according to a report released by the Ministry of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, in Britain, 8% of the carbon dioxide emitted by cars comes from vehicles carrying non-local products.
Buy seasonal products
Buying seasonal fruits and vegetables can reduce crop growth in the greenhouse. Many greenhouses consume a lot of energy to grow non-seasonal products.
Local food is most suitable for local people. Other goods produced locally are easy to maintain and have low cost. Seasonal food is the most suitable mature food for species growth in natural ecology, with the most nutrition and few kinds of additives. Out-of-season food is not only expensive but also less nutritious, and the added pesticides, fertilizers and combustion improvers are also harmful to health.
4. Reduce the purchase of animal foods such as meat, eggs and milk.
Raising livestock consumes more than 2/3 of cultivated land; Animal husbandry accounts for 16% of man-made methane on the earth. The production, packaging, transportation and cooking of meat consume much more energy than plant food, and plant food accounts for 25% of human behaviors that cause global greenhouse effect.
5. Use less disposable products
Shopping malls are full of disposable items: disposable tableware, disposable toothbrushes, disposable signature pens ... disposable items bring temporary convenience to people, but bring disasters to the ecological environment. They accelerate the depletion of the earth's resources, and produce a large amount of garbage that causes environmental pollution. Taking disposable chopsticks as an example, China exports about 6.5438+0.5 million cubic meters to Japan and South Korea every year, which consumes 2 million square meters of forest resources.
6. Don't fall into the trap of luxury goods
The more fashionable the product, the faster it will be updated. Whether it's electronic products or fashion clothes, businesses are constantly innovating to stimulate people's desire to buy. Those "moonlight clan", "car slave" and "card slave" who pursue luxury consumption not only waste resources, but also bear heavy economic shackles. Whether they are rich or negative can only be known whether they are cold or warm.
7. Overpackaging
Pay attention to buying products with simple packaging. This means less energy consumption in the production process of packaging. Reduce the garbage sent to the landfill and reduce the economic burden of consumers.
8. Benefits of using recycled materials
Products made of recycled materials usually consume less energy than products made of original materials. For example, using recycled steel for production consumes 75% less energy than using new steel.
In a word, there are other ways to save energy, which need us to draw inferences from others and implement them in all aspects of life.
Global warming has sounded the alarm for us, and the earth is facing great challenges. Protecting the earth means protecting our home. Let's take action, throw away the bad habit of selfishness, save the fate of the earth's homeland with selfless kindness and kindness, and safeguard the future in which mankind can continue to survive.