Nine misunderstandings
-Myth 1: People infected with HIV become AIDS patients.
In many people's cognition, once infected with HIV, this person becomes an AIDS patient, but this is not the case. HIV refers to HIV, and AIDS refers to the last stage of HIV infection. After HIV infection for 2 years-10 years or even longer, the human immune system will be destroyed, and it will develop into AIDS, and there will be signs such as infection and tumor.
-Myth 2: Daily contact can lead to HIV infection.
In daily life, many people worry that they are infected with HIV without knowing it. In fact, there are only three ways of transmission of AIDS, namely, sexual transmission, blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. There is evidence that HIV is not transmitted through contact, tears, sweat or saliva. Therefore, HIV will not be infected through the following ways: breathing the same air as HIV-positive patients; Touch the toilet or door handle after HIV-positive patients; Hug, kiss or shake hands with HIV carriers; Use tableware with HIV carriers; Use fitness equipment in the gym.
-Myth 3: There must be symptoms after being infected with HIV.
As we all know, after being infected with HIV, there will be symptoms such as low fever, swollen lymph nodes and weakness of limbs. In fact, not everyone must have symptoms after being infected with the virus. After being infected with HIV, there may be a long period of asymptomatic infection, which can last for about 2 to 10 years. During this period, there was no discomfort. Although the virus carrier has been infected and can even infect others, he can live for years or even decades like a normal person before getting sick.
-Myth 4: You will die soon after being infected with HIV.
People are so afraid of AIDS, largely because of its high mortality rate. However, the incubation period of different HIV-infected people is different. Some people will get sick in just a few months, while others may live with HIV for decades or even reach life expectancy. Accurately speaking, the untreated mortality rate of AIDS is 100%, but the current antiviral treatment has greatly reduced the mortality rate of AIDS and prolonged the life of patients.
-Myth 5: Homosexuality is bound to get AIDS.
Because many AIDS patients are homosexual groups, people equate homosexuality with AIDS. Objectively speaking, AIDS is indeed prevalent among some gay men, because sexual behavior between men is more likely to lead to mucosal damage and virus transmission. However, homosexuality itself has nothing to do with the spread of AIDS. Excessive fear and rejection of homosexuality will increase the concealment of homosexuals and increase the difficulty of AIDS prevention and treatment.
-Myth 6: Mosquito bites can infect HIV.
The bite of mosquitoes or other blood-sucking insects will not be infected with HIV. Studies have shown that HIV does not reproduce in mosquitoes. When mosquitoes suck blood, they will not re-inject the blood that has been sucked into the body into the bitten person, but inject saliva as a lubricant to suck blood. Mosquitoes usually don't bite the next individual immediately after sucking blood, but it takes a long time to digest the blood inhaled. At present, there are no reports of HIV infection due to mosquito bites in the world, and related studies have not found evidence that mosquito bites can spread HIV. Even in areas where there are many cases of mosquitoes and AIDS, mosquitoes have not been found to be infected with AIDS.
-Myth 7: If the mother is HIV-positive, the child must be.
If the mother is HIV-positive, the probability of transmission to the child is 25%. The mother-to-child transmission is mainly perinatal transmission. Children may be transmitted through friction, contact with amniotic fluid and blood when passing through the birth canal, or through breastfeeding. The ways to avoid it are: first, don't give your child breast milk; Secondly, caesarean section; Thirdly, taking antiviral drugs can minimize the virus in the mother's blood and reduce the virus in the birth canal from 25% to 2%.
-Myth 8 Condoms cannot prevent HIV.
According to the data of the World Health Organization, the protective rate of male latex condoms against the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases is over 85%. Condoms produced by regular manufacturers can effectively isolate viruses. However, the safest thing is to avoid high-risk sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partners and one-night stands.
-Myth 9: HIV can be detected by buying test paper and donating blood online.
Many online shopping test strips are not guaranteed in quality, and the accuracy of detection cannot be completely guaranteed. It is also extremely irresponsible to donate blood for HIV testing. At present, centers for disease control and prevention in many areas can provide free HIV testing, and the test results are only known by the hospital staff who undertake the testing work, so there is no need to worry about personal information being leaked.
Experts suggest that the following nine groups of people should be tested for AIDS in time.
-It is recommended that sexually active people, regardless of their age, have an annual HIV test.
-Sexually active people who have unsafe sex with multiple sexual partners are recommended to be tested at least once every three months.
Prostitutes and prostitutes
-Have sex with men, especially without using condoms.
-People receiving blood transfusions or blood products.
-Pregnant women who have undergone prenatal check-ups and given birth in hospitals.
-* * * People who inject with needles
People who test positive for tuberculosis
-People who have tested positive for sexually transmitted diseases.
How to effectively prevent AIDS?
In view of the three modes of transmission of AIDS, the following corresponding preventive measures can be taken:
1. Prevention of sexual transmission: observing sexual ethics, fixing sexual partners and having safe sex are effective measures to prevent AIDS from spreading through sexual channels. Proper use of qualified condoms can reduce the risk of HIV infection. If you have or are suspected of having sexually transmitted diseases, you should go to a designated medical institution or a regular hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible.
2. Prevent blood transmission: stay away from drugs and resist drugs; Do not accept blood, blood products and organs that have not passed the HIV antibody test; Do not use syringes that are not strictly disinfected; Don't use syringes and razors with others; Vigorously promote the use of disposable syringes and other safety injection measures.
3. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission: Women infected with HIV should avoid pregnancy; Once pregnant, consider whether to terminate pregnancy under the guidance of a doctor; Those who choose to continue pregnancy should take antiviral drug intervention, cesarean section and other measures to block transmission and avoid breastfeeding their newborns after delivery.
According to the data released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, by the end of 20 16, China had reported a total of 665,000 AIDS-infected people and 209,000 deaths. In 20 16, the new report found infected people and patients124,000 people, of whom 94.7% were sexually transmitted AIDS. At present, sexual transmission has become the main way of AIDS epidemic in China. Beijing ditan hospital Zhang Fujie, a professor affiliated to Capital Medical University, said in an interview with Xinhuanet that to deal with this "enemy of the world", patients, doctors, governments, enterprises and other sectors need to work together to control the epidemic at a low level.
People with these diseases harm others and themselves.