President Hu Jintao said that the 30 years since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee have been 30 years in which our Party has United and led the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to emancipate their minds, seek truth from facts, forge ahead, and carry out historic and creative activities to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the past 30 years, China has made great progress in various urban and rural reforms, especially in the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers and the construction of social undertakings.
In order to better understand the achievements of these two undertakings, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, four of us worked together to form 22 teams and made detailed social surveys respectively. The following is the survey report we have completed.
"Grasping the rural reform and opening up, we can grasp the initiative of the whole reform and opening up." In the past 30 years, we have witnessed the changes in rural areas, such as rural system reform, three rural issues and new rural construction ... which have brought earth-shaking changes to rural areas. When we went to the countryside to investigate Wang Gaoling, we had a deeper understanding of these changes. Rows of neat rural communities, spacious roads, roads in front of houses and courtyards behind houses are all modern villa areas. With excitement, we sent questionnaires to 50 people in one of the residential areas, and also conducted special interviews with some people.
1. Great changes have taken place in rural housing conditions. Thirty years ago, only eight families lived in simple wooden houses, and the rest were bungalows or even huts. Ten years later, due to economic development, buildings were slowly built, and now these 50 households have moved into the current rural community because of the demolition of old houses. Among the people we interviewed, an old man in his 90 s told us excitedly: "I didn't expect to live in such a good house with mud houses, stone tables and fences for generations." Thank you very much! " Yes, there are three-story villa houses in front of us. The house is beautiful, even better than some cities. In addition, villagers now own several times as many household appliances as before. Before the reform and opening up, it was very good for a village to have several TV sets. Now every family has a color TV, refrigerator, washing machine and rice cooker, which are also family necessities. 30% of the villagers also use microwave ovens, and you can see that every household has installed solar energy on the roof. This ever-changing change is really amazing.
The villagers have enriched their knowledge. In the families we investigated, people over the age of 50 are basically illiterate or semi-illiterate, with no schooling or only a few years of primary education. But when interviewed by us, they can communicate with us in Mandarin naturally, effortlessly, although not very standard; Middle-aged people in their thirties and forties generally have technical secondary school education or above. Although 40% of them live in rural areas, their jobs are non-agricultural. For the younger generation, the village has trained more than 10 college students, and their academic qualifications are constantly improving. I think this is inseparable from the emphasis on education. In this village, the villagers have organized kindergartens, primary schools and junior high schools themselves, and the supporting facilities are basically perfect. Children learn English from kindergarten, and parents spend little money on it.
Of course, another effective way to enrich knowledge is the effective input of foreign information. In order to let the villagers know the latest developments outside, the village Committee has set up an information column, which is updated every Monday; 5% families also subscribe to various newspapers and magazines; Moreover, among the 50 households we investigated, 5 households have used the Internet, and with the addition of large color TVs, the information congestion in the backcountry has disappeared.
3. Rural traffic has been continuously improved. According to the villagers, in the past, the roads in front of every household were dirt roads. When it rains, you can't go out without rain boots. And the road is very narrow, so it is difficult for two people to walk side by side. The tricycle came, and they didn't know how to make way. Now with the state money, not only the main road has been repaired, but also the village path has become a wide cement road, which leads to the door of the house and cars can drive in. In the past, the roads to the town were all gravel roads, and they were bumpy. When it rains and accumulates water, you can only take the grass road on the side. Cars and motorcycles pass by and splash. Don't worry at all now, because "all roads lead to Rome" and they are all high-grade asphalt roads.
Convenient transportation, convenient for villagers to travel. Every 50 households have a bicycle, 60% have a battery car or motorcycle, and 16% have a car. Now the villagers want to go to the town or downtown, and there is a bus stop at the intersection. 10 is very convenient. Everyone is amazed that the journey from two hours can be shortened to 30 minutes, which was unimaginable in the past!
4. The increase of villagers' recreational activities. We can see a fitness equipment field in the east of the community, just like in the urban community. An interviewed villager told us that these facilities are now available in many rural areas, with the aim of enriching farmers' recreational activities and making them pay more attention to health issues. Some of these facilities are suitable for the elderly and some are suitable for the young. Another villager also told us that his village would hold some activities from time to time, such as singing opera, watching movies, performing circus and so on, to make people's lives here more colorful. In our questionnaire, some people asked about their travels with their families. Almost everyone said that in the 1970s and 1980s, they never went out to travel, but at most they went to the town for a fair. However, after the 1990s, it gradually changed. Tourism seems to have a driving effect. One family goes out and the other wants to go out to play. Now 70% of families will definitely go out to play once a year. The location of the tour has also changed from the previous principle of proximity to the whole of China, and another family has also traveled abroad.
Economic prosperity, social stability, and people live and work in peace and contentment. Three Gorges Project, a great project in human history; Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the most difficult railway in the world ... We have accomplished one feat after another. The sixth speed increase of trains, the construction of Olympic venues, the completion of the National Grand Theatre and the successful launch of the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft recently ... our social undertakings are in full swing. Now, let's take a look at the results of my investigation on my hometown-Xiaoshan District 1.
First of all, what impressed me most was the reform of the country's education system. The primary education popularization rate in Xiaoshan reached 100%, with 44,000 primary and secondary school students. Most people think that reducing tuition and fees in compulsory education is a favorable measure for every school-age child to go to school; 75% people think that the current educational facilities and teaching conditions have been greatly improved, especially from the original sand track to the current plastic track, from blackboard teaching to the use of multimedia education; The teaching staff has developed rapidly, and the quality of teachers has changed from the previous junior college education to the required undergraduate and master's education.
Secondly, the construction of social security system with the reform of medical care and endowment insurance as the main content. According to my census, the medical prevention and health care network at the county, township and village levels in our district is sound, the construction of medical and health infrastructure has been greatly improved, and the level of supporting facilities has been continuously improved. There are 6 large hospitals in my investigation area, including 2 second-class first-class hospitals, including newly-built public-private joint hospital 1 hospital. Enterprises and institutions conduct annual physical examinations for their employees, and the state conducts health examinations for retired laid-off workers free of charge. The people's health level has been continuously improved. How much has the disease treatment rate improved? The state also buys old-age insurance for retired workers, giving them a reliable basis and a sense of security. Old age depends on it.
Third, the improvement of people's housing conditions. When an aunt in her forties talked to me about housing, she was deeply touched. She said that she used to work alone in the country, and usually gave you a room of about 15 square meters or a dormitory. Then the salary went up and we moved into a simple unit building. The children finally have their own single beds, and the furniture has become a combination cabinet. We feel that life is much more convenient and living conditions have improved. Now the pursuit of high quality, changed into a three-bedroom, two-toilet 1 kitchen community. We also have our own garage and some community exercise equipment for children and the elderly to keep fit.
However, from the survey, we know that there are still some problems in China, such as the education system reform is not universal, medical accidents still occur frequently, the old-age insurance is not guaranteed, the housing conditions are very different, and the gap between the rich and the poor in people's living standards is very large. Therefore, we should emancipate our minds, perform our duties, and further improve and perfect the overall work such as economic development, social undertakings construction and maintaining stability.
Obviously, since the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, earth-shaking changes have taken place, farmers' lives have been greatly improved, rural economy has been growing, and agriculture has made unexpected progress. In the construction of social undertakings, it has brought great benefits to the people of the whole country, providing them with a sense of security and dependence, and the whole country has taken on a new look. However, it cannot be ignored that the potential problems are getting more and more terrible: the gap between urban and rural areas is widening, the gap between the rich and the poor is wide, the problem of clean government within the party is worrying, and natural and man-made disasters occur from time to time ... China's reform will continue.