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The Origin and Development of Tai Ji Chuan
The Origin and Development of Tai Ji Chuan

There are many schools of traditional Tai Ji Chuan, among which the common schools are Chen, Yang, Wu, Sun and How. Each school has a relationship of inheritance, learning from each other, and each school has its own characteristics, showing a state of letting a hundred flowers blossom. Because Tai Ji Chuan is a modern martial arts boxing with many schools and a broad mass base, it is a very vital martial arts boxing in China. I brought the origin and development of Tai Ji Chuan.

The origin and development of Tai Ji Chuan 1 Tai Ji Chuan, one of the boxing styles in China, was founded in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, Wang Zongyue, a Shanxi folk martial artist, explained the boxing theory with the philosophy of Taiji Yin and Yang in Zhou Ziquan's Book of Changes, and wrote On Tai Ji Chuan, which named Tai Ji Chuan. In the late Qing Dynasty and after the Revolution of 1911, there were some incidental stories and legends about the origin of Tai Ji Chuan. There are always different opinions about the origin of Tai Ji Chuan, including Xu Xuanping in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Sanfeng in the Southern Song Dynasty or in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, Chen, Yang Luchan and Wang Zongyue in the Qing Dynasty. But now most boxers are also based on various theories of Tai Ji Chuan Yuan Jun and Chen Tai Ji Chuan. According to the textual research of China Wushu historian Tang Hao, Tai Ji Chuan first came from the Chen family in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan. The founder of Chen Tai Ji Chuan is Chen Wangting, who is an original martial artist.

The source of Tai Ji Chuan has the following three aspects:

1, fully absorbing Ming dynasty famous boxing. Wushu was very popular in the Ming Dynasty, and many famous artists, monographs and new boxing styles appeared. Taiji Chuan learned the advantages of various boxing methods at that time, especially Qi Jiguang's 32-potential long fist.

2. Combining the ancient guiding and breathing techniques. Tai Ji Chuan is known as one of the "Family Boxing" because he pays attention to guiding his spirit into the abdomen, relaxing his mind and strengthening his body.

3. Apply China's ancient theory of Yin and Yang and the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan asked for spiral winding according to the meridians, so as to activate qi with intention, connect the two meridians of Ren and Du, and practice the pulse. Various traditional Tai Ji Chuan also used the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements to summarize and explain various contradictions and changes in boxing. With the development of history, Wushu has gradually changed from fighting on the battlefield to keeping fit, which is exactly the case in Tai Ji Chuan. /kloc-more than 0/00 years ago, the taijichuan family had a saying in the Song of Thirteen Forces called "What is the meaning in detail, prolong life and never return to spring". With the development of history, Wushu has gradually changed from fighting on the battlefield to keeping fit, which is exactly the case in Tai Ji Chuan. /kloc-more than 0/00 years ago, the taijichuan family had a saying in the Song of Thirteen Forces called "What is the meaning in detail, prolong life and never return to spring".

At present, there are five schools in Tai Ji Chuan: Chen, Yang, Sun, Wu and Wu. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Chen Jiagou, an old boxer in wen county, Henan Province, founded Tai Ji Chuan, which was handed down from generation to generation. Yang Luchan, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, studied under Chen Changxing of Chenjiagou. On the basis of Biography of Chen Taiji, he developed Biography of Yang Tai with his son Yang Jianhou and grandson Yang Chengfu. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Yuxiang, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, loved his skills after returning from Chenjiagou, which was produced by Yang Road. He studied Chen-style Taiji Biography from Yang Luchan and Zhao-style Fort from Chen Qingping. After revision, he created "Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan". Sun Lutang, a native of Wanxian County, Hebei Province, studied under Li, then under Li's master Guo, and then under Cheng. Later, he learned Tai Ji Chuan from Hao Weizhen, and then added the essence of three boxing methods, namely, Bagua, Xingyiquan and Taiji, to create a "Sun-style Tai Ji Chuan".

After a long period of circulation, Tai Ji Chuan has evolved into many schools, among which the following five schools are widely circulated or have obvious characteristics:

I. Biography of Chen Taiji

It can be divided into two types: old frame and new frame. The old frame was created by Chen in the early Qing Dynasty, and there are five routines, also known as the thirteen potentials. There are also 1 sets of long fists and 1 sets of gun hammers. Since Chen, after more than 300 years of teaching and learning, we have accumulated a lot of experience, and constantly processed and refined the original gloves, and finally formed the modern Chen-style gloves Tai Ji Chuan 1 and No.2 (Figure 1). These two sets of boxing moves are carefully choreographed, with different speed and strength, posture, amount of exercise and difficulty, but they all conform to the principle of gradual progress and combining rigidity with softness. Chen 1 gloves currently have 83 models, and their main features are as follows:

1, the winding strength is obvious, so it is required to pay attention to the waist source everywhere, and it is intended to run through the four tips (that is, hands and toes), and the movement is in an arc spiral, and it is necessary to "move inside and outside";

2, combining rigidity with softness, combining rigidity with softness, that is, it can play an inner strength that seems to be rigid but not rigid, soft but not rigid, heavy and soft;

3. Action should be combined with breathing luck, not only "sinking into the belly", but also "turning inward to the abdomen" when practicing the action, and sometimes making sounds (such as ho, ho, ho, blow) when exhaling to increase strength;

4, slow and slow, that is, the movement transition is fast, and the punch is generally slow;

5. Boxing Road shelves are divided into three types: high, medium and low. People who are weak and sick can practice high shelf, while young and healthy people can practice low shelf. Chen Er gloves were originally named as gun hammers, and the model was 7 1. Its main features are as follows:

1, there are more foot shaking movements;

2. The action is faster, harder and more explosive than 1 road;

3. There are many movements of "jumping, jumping and prancing", and the momentum is magnificent.

The second way is only suitable for young and middle-aged people and does not spread widely. Chen's new routine also has two kinds. One was created by Chen Youben (Chenjiagou Boxer). The order is the same as the old routine. The posture is smaller than the old routine, and the circle is smaller than the old routine. Removed some of the original difficult moves. People in Chenjiagou village call it "small circle boxing", and the old routine is called "big circle boxing". This kind of boxing was later spread, and he wrote "Illustration of Chen Shi Tai Ji Chuan", expounding the boxing experience accumulated by Chen Shi in past dynasties. Another routine of the new frame was created by Chen Qingping, a disciple of Chen Youben. It is characterized by compactness, slow movement, and gradually adding circles after practice, which is extremely complicated. Because it first spread in Zhaobao Town, wen county City, Henan Province, people called it "Zhaobao Frame". Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan is an ancient boxing, and other schools in Tai Ji Chuan (such as Yang-style, Wu-style, Wu-style and Sun-style) are all developed on the basis of Chen-style Tai Ji Chuan.

II. Biography of Yang Tai

Created by Yang Luchan, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, Yang Luchan worked as an employee in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province when he was a child. In his prime, he studied Tai Ji Chuan and inherited Tai Ji Chuan. It was called "Continuous Boxing", "Soft Boxing" and "Hua Quan" at that time because it could avoid and subdue the strong and fierce force. Yang Luchan went to Beijing to teach boxing, and all the princes and nobles in the Qing Dynasty learned from him. Excellent martial arts, known as "invincible Yang" at that time. Later, in order to meet the needs of ordinary boxers, Yang Luchan gradually deleted the original vigorous, vertical jump, shaking feet and difficult movements, and was modified into a middle shelf by his son and repeatedly modified by his grandson Yang Chengfu, thus shaping it into a Yang-style big shelf. Because of its simplicity and integrity, it has become the most popular Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan in modern times. Three generations of Yang's grandparents and grandchildren are famous in Beijing. After 1928, Yang Chengfu worked as an apprentice in Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Hankou and other places, and his boxing style spread all over the country. Yang-style big shelf is characterized by simple stretching, smooth movement, flexible content, lightness and naturalness, and the movement steps are from loose to soft, which naturally presents a unique style with great style and beautiful image. Its posture is also divided into high, medium and low. The amount of exercise can be appropriately adjusted according to the different age, gender, physical condition and different requirements of boxing learners. Therefore, it is not only suitable for medical treatment and health care, but also suitable for people with good physical strength to strengthen their physique and improve their skills. 1957 was compiled into Tai Ji Chuan movement (88 style) according to the biography of Yang Tai, and 1963 published the biography of Yang Tai. Yang-style Tai Ji Chuan and Er-Road Gun Hammer are only practiced among a few people, mainly for the purpose of attack and defense.

Third, the biography of Wu Taiji.

Manchu people are all friends, and they came from Daxing, Hebei Province in the late Qing Dynasty. At first, they were the big shelf of Tai Chi transmission with Yang Lu Zen, and later they were the small shelf of Yang Lu Zen, which is famous for its softness. His son changed his surname from Han nationality to Wu, and his name was. Wu inherited and taught boxing with continuity and wide adaptability. Because Wu modified the boxing style, later people called it Wu-style small shelf. In modern times, it has become a widely circulated Wu-style Tai Ji Chuan. Wu has been spreading boxing in Beijing and Shanghai for a long time. His boxing style is round and relaxed. Although his posture is small, it has a great foundation, and it stretches itself from development to compactness. When pushing hands, he is correct, rigorous and delicate. Wu Shi Tai Ji Chuan was published in 1958.

Fourth, the biography of Wu's Taiji.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Yuxiang, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, learned about Tai Ji Chuan from Yang Luchan, then learned about New Tai Ji Chuan, and got the Tai Ji Chuan score in Wuyang County, so he summed up the essentials of sports as the ten essentials of body posture according to his own experience in practicing boxing. Wushu Tai Ji Chuan is characterized by its rigorous posture, compact posture, slow movement, rigorous footwork and clear distinction between reality and falsehood. The forward and backward rotation of the chest and abdomen is always positive, and the shape is mainly the transformation of excess and deficiency and the "internal gas latent rotation". The left and right hands are in charge of half the body, but they can't reach the toes. Tai Ji Chuan, a martial art, was introduced to Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China, and then to Nanjing and Shanghai. 1963 published the book Wu's Taiji Biography. The story of Ge Shuncheng, the descendant of martial arts Tai Chi, goes like this: Wu Yuxiang's family is a famous family in Yongnian and Han Mo's family, but Wu Yuxiang himself is addicted to martial arts and has never been an official. Chen family business in Yongnian County, Chenjiagou rented Wu Yuxiang's house property. Wu Yuxiang saw that Chen Ren had practiced a brilliant fist and loved it very much. However, due to his own status and position, he was unable to learn from the teacher, so he entrusted his fellow countryman Yang Louchan to go to Chenjiagou to learn from Chen Changxing. After they came back, they taught themselves to support Yang Luchan's family. Yang Luchan went to study in Chenjiagou and gave everything to Wu Yuxiang every time he came back. In the end, Wu Yuxiang was not satisfied with what Yang Luchan had learned, so he went to Chenjiagou for advice. Chen Changxing was old at that time and introduced him to learn boxing from Chen Qingping. The consequences are great. The main descendants of early Wu Yuxiang were Yang Banhou and his two nephews, Mr. Li Da and Mr. Li Er respectively. Mr. Li Da, Mr. Li Erchuan, Hao Weizhen, Ge Shuncheng and others. Hao Weizhen's martial arts is the highest, and his boxing was revised by later generations, and was designated as the standard boxing frame in Tai Ji Chuan. The whole family was handed down from generation to generation by Ge Shuncheng and others, and it still retains its original style.

The origin and development of Tai Ji Chuan 2 i. The benefits of Tai Ji Chuan

Benefit 1: Long-term practice of Tai Ji Chuan can relieve depression, improve mentality, relieve mental stress and treat neurasthenia.

Benefit 2: It can make blood gas run smoothly and improve immunity. Female friends who practice Tai Ji Chuan can regulate blood gas and smooth meridians. It is not intense, does not make people overdraw, conforms to the law of life movement, and does not harm people's health.

Benefit 3: Improve flexibility, increase muscle strength and endurance, and lose weight.

Benefit 4: Improve heart and lung function, lower blood pressure-sweating without asthma, suitable for heart disease and hypertension practice.

Benefit 5: Practicing Tai Ji Chuan can not only relieve rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain, relieve fatigue, strengthen bones and muscles, but also improve the stretching and balance ability of human body.

Benefit 6: treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and indigestion-self-massage due to abdominal breathing (solid abdomen and chest); In addition, the ascending and descending range of diaphragm is increased, which has a positive stimulating effect on gastrointestinal peristalsis.

However, when practicing boxing, the tip of the tongue, upper jaw, lips and teeth can increase saliva secretion and improve digestive function. Insisting on practicing Tai Ji Chuan has played a very good role in the treatment of diabetes.

Second, the origin of Tai Ji Chuan

1, on the origin of Chenjiagou

According to this, Tai Ji Chuan was created by Chen in the late Ming Dynasty. The representatives who hold this view are Tang Hao and Gu, researchers of Wushu history. Mr. Tang Hao made a field trip in wen county, Henan Province, and came to this conclusion after consulting county annals and Chen's genealogy. The main basis is a poem in Chen's posthumous work: "Alas, in those days, I was brave and fierce, sweeping the atmosphere and stumbling several times." Blessed in vain! Up to now, I am old and exhausted, and finally only Huang Ting is left. She clenched her fists when I was in trouble and plowed the fields when I was busy. Take advantage of leisure to teach some disciples and grandchildren, so that Jackie Chan can become a tiger ... ",as an argument for his own creation of Tai Ji Chuan; Furthermore, according to Chen's genealogy, Chen is the founder of the Chen Boxer and the sword. "Because Tai Ji Chuan, who is widely circulated, has something to do with Chen Tai Ji Chuan, it adds to the authority of this statement. For a time, this view was dominant, such as a concise dictionary of martial arts and other books.

2. Zhang Sanfeng's theory of creating boxing.

Because Tai Ji Chuan's theory is based on the "Taiji Theory" in China's classical philosophy, and Taoism and Taoism are the players of this theory, the relationship between Taoism and Tai Ji Chuan has also attracted the attention of Wulin people, and Zhang Sanfeng's boxing theory is actually a reflection of this phenomenon. This view has a long history. This was a traditional conclusion before the "Chen Chuang Boxing Theory" became popular. For example, Yang Chengfu's preface to "The Complete Book of Taiji Biography and Body Use" said: "The ancestral edict, Taiji Biography was founded in Zhang Sanfeng at the end of the Song Dynasty. The inheritors are Wang Zongyue, Tong and Zhang Songxi. " Biography of Zhang Zhenren. Earlier, for example, Li Yishe's "Introduction to Taiji" also said: "Taiji began in Song and Zhang Sanfeng". Many people agree with this statement today. Its supporting documents are like Sanfeng Quanshu. According to the records, "Shaolin is my family, and wudang zhang sanfeng is my family".

3. Wang Zongyue's Theory of Creating Boxing.

Wang Zongyue's important position in the history of China and Tai Ji Chuan has been recognized by boxers in past dynasties. He first applied the concept of Yi-ology, expounded Zhou Ziquan's works and wrote Tai Ji Chuan's theory on boxing. Therefore, the name of Taiji Zhuan was established, and its writings became the pinnacle of the traditional theory of Taiji Zhuan. Because Wang Zongyue systematically discussed Tai Ji Chuan's boxing theory and boxing method for the first time, and Wang has a trace in the history of martial arts, some people think that Wang Zongyue summed up the experience of his predecessors, created Tai Ji Chuan in the world, and later spread it to Chenjiagou: because of the existing literature records, "Wang Zongyue spread boxing to you, Jiang passed Chen Changxing".

4. Wudang Mountain Boxing Theory

China Wushu has a deep relationship with religion. At least in theory, it can be seen that it involves a wide range. The popular distinction between "inner family" and "outer family" classifies Wudang as the inner family and Shaolin as the outer family. Whether its argument is objective or not can be discussed separately. But this undoubtedly aggravated the religious color of Wushu. On this basis, the view that "Tai Ji Chuan originated in Wudang Mountain" naturally appeared. According to this view, "alchemy" is a major activity of Taoism in China, and it is also a method of studying health preservation in ancient times. On the basis of long-term practice of Inner Elixir (mostly static), Wudang Taoist combined with breathing, breathing and guiding, and developed Tai Ji Chuan with the main function of dredging meridians (such as taking pulse, ren and du). ) and reconcile qi and blood, so as to achieve the effect of disease resistance and longevity. Then absorb the essence of other boxing methods and have the skills of fighting.

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