Basketball is one of the antagonistic sports centered on shooting or layup. It was founded on 189 1 (another way of saying it is 189 1) by Dr. james naismith, a teacher at the YMCA Training School in Field, Massachusetts, USA. He is not reforming a sport, but inventing a sport. He just wanted to invent an indoor sport for the students of the YMCA training college, and his invention caused a positive response. At first, he nailed two baskets of peaches at both ends of the stands upstairs in the school gymnasium, used football as a game tool and threw the peaches into the baskets. Later, it was changed into a hoop and hung on the Internet. Later, the net was cut open and made into this basket today. In order to improve the basketball game, he formulated the 18 rule in 1892, and then gradually revised and added the terms, and the number of people gradually decreased until each team required five people, which became a modern basketball sport. Basketball has a volume of 7800ml and a diameter of 24.62cm.

Edit this Chinese phonetic alphabet

Basketball basketball

Edit the Chinese explanation of this basketball.

Basic explanation

1. [Basketball] 2. Basketball, the inner liner is rubber, the outer layer is cowhide, and it is also all rubber. 3. One of the ball games.

detailed description

1. One of the ball games. Put the ball into the hoop of the basketball stand defended by the opponent to calculate the score, and the one with more points wins. 2. The ball used in basketball. Cowhide makes shells, rubber makes bladders, and some are all made of rubber.

Edit the source of this paragraph

(Note: The following "Spanish" is a Spanish word) james naismith.

18911In early February, at the YMCA International Training School (later Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, Dr. James james naismith, the physical education teacher of the school, invented basketball, which solved the problem that rugby and baseball could not be played normally in winter. He borrowed the rules of netball, only 13. Dr naismith died on 1939 at the age of 78. He didn't expect that the basketball game created by him has developed into the third ball game in the United States and the tenth largest in the world, and the number of participants even slightly exceeds that of ice hockey. To commemorate Dr. naismith's achievement in inventing basketball, the james naismith Memorial Hall of Fame of American Basketball was built in the campus of Springfield College. 189 1 year, naismith taught at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was inspired by the game that local children like to throw balls into peach baskets (peaches are abundant in the local area, and every family has peach baskets) and created basketball games. At first, naismith nailed two baskets to the railing of the stadium stands, with the upper edge of the basket 3.04 meters (about 10 yards) from the ground, and used football as a game tool to throw at the baskets. Throw the ball into the basket and score 1 point, and decide the outcome according to the score. Every time you throw the ball into the basket, climb the ladder, take it out and start the game again. In the future, the bamboo basket will be gradually changed into an iron basket with a movable bottom, and then a net will be hung under the iron ring. People call this game "naismith Ball" or "Basketball". After a long time, I named it "Basketball" after repeated discussions with my colleagues. Naismith invented basketball at the age of 30, but it was ignored for nearly half a century after its birth, and was not respected until 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. 75-year-old naismith arrived in Berlin with the American basketball team, but the coach of the American basketball team was only responsible for his air ticket from the United States to Berlin, not for his hotel and entrance fee in Berlin. The American Olympic Committee turned a blind eye to this, which made the father of basketball feel very heavy. William jones, the first secretary-general of the International Amateur Basketball Federation, respected and admired him very much. He not only settled his hotel expenses, but also invited him to kick off the first basketball match of the Olympic Games. Before kick-off, Jones introduced the inventor of basketball to all the participating athletes, and naismith was warmly welcomed by everyone. After all the competitions, Jones arranged for naismith to preside over the award ceremony and awarded him a special Olympic medal in recognition of his achievements in inventing basketball. When a little German girl gave him the laurel of the moon, naismith was ecstatic and threw her hat into the sky. Naismith died on 1939. In order to remember this basketball pioneer forever, FIBA decided to name the gold cup of the World Men's Basketball Championship "Naismith Cup" at the first Central Bureau meeting held during the World Men's Basketball Championship 1950/kloc-0. It was not until 1893 that nearly modern rebounds, baskets and nets were formed. In the initial basketball game, there were no strict restrictions on the number of people, the size of the venue and the time of the game. As long as the number of participants is equal. At the beginning of the game, the players of both sides stood outside the two end lines, and the referee blew the whistle and threw the ball into the center of the court. The two sides ran to the court to grab the ball and started the game. The bearer can run to the basket with the ball, and the first person who reaches the predetermined score wins. 1892, naismith formulated 13 rules of the game. The main rules are: don't run with the ball, don't make rough moves, don't hit the ball with a fist, or you will be sentenced to three consecutive fouls and fined 1 minute; The competition time is the first half 15 minutes; The size of the venue is also stipulated. The number of players in the game is gradually reduced to 10, with 9 or 7 players per team. 1893 is set to 5 players per team. 1904 The 3rd Olympic Games, the basketball exhibition match was held for the first time 1. 1908, the United States formulated a unified national basketball rule, which was published in many languages and distributed around the world. 1936, 1 1 Olympic Games listed men's basketball as an official event, which unified the rules of world basketball competition. Since then, the distance 1948 has exceeded 10 years. The attacker must push the ball to the frontcourt within 10 second; After the ball enters the frontcourt, it is not allowed to return to the backcourt; Offenders are not allowed to stay in the "forbidden zone" for 3 seconds; When the shooter was violated, 1 made a free throw, and 2 missed. Basketball 1952 and 1956

In the basketball matches of the 2008 15 and 16 Olympic Games, the International Amateur Basketball Federation twice expanded the "forbidden area" (also called "the third area") of the basketball court for people over two meters. It is also stipulated that a team must shoot within 30 seconds after controlling the ball. In the early 1960s, the regulations on 10 seconds and the return of the ball to the backcourt were once suspended, because the touchline midpoint was cancelled after the 1960 17 Olympic Games. 1964 After the Olympic Games, the midfield line will be restored and these regulations will continue to be implemented. 1977, it is added that after each team 10 fouls, two penalties are made for defensive fouls, one for shooting prevention 1 foul, and one for missing penalty 1. After 198 1, 10 fouls, the penalty was reduced to 8 times. Obviously, the change of personnel and the development of skills and tactics have caused the change of rules, and the change of rules has promoted the further development and change of personnel, skills and tactics. Especially since the late 1950s, the changes of rules have constantly put forward new and higher requirements for the offensive and defensive speed of basketball matches, athletes' body, skills, tactics, will and style, and promoted the rapid improvement of basketball technical level. The women's basketball was listed as an official event only in197621Olympic Games. Basketball was introduced to China from the Chinese YMCA in Tianjin around 1896, and then to the YMCA in Beijing and Shanghai. 19 10 After the men's basketball exhibition match was held in the National Games, basketball activities were gradually carried out in universities and middle schools in major cities across the country, especially in Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai. The rules of the game were simple at that time. Draw a middle circle with a diameter of about 1 m in the center of the court. The center player must put a hand when jumping the ball. The technology is also simple. After the jump ball in the middle circle, whoever receives the ball dribbles it himself, and shoots if he exceeds the defender. I was just dribbling in a straight line. The passing method is to pass the ball with one hand and put your hands on your chest. Running shot is a one-handed low-handed layup. The vertical racket is a low-handed racket with both hands in front of the stomach, no matter how far or near. 1925 or so, the five offensive and defensive athletes have a clear division of labor, center to center, defender to striker, someone staring at people, staring at their opponents. But the striker's duty is to attack and shoot, regardless of retreat; The defender's duty is only to defend the volley, regardless of shooting. Strikers and defenders rarely run all over the field, only the center should give consideration to both offense and defense. Later, it was gradually changed to 1 assisted two defenders (mobile defenders), and 1 stayed in the backcourt (fixed defenders). The two strikers also became 1 staying in the frontcourt to attack the fast break, 1 retreating to the backcourt to help defend. Technical movements have also developed, such as one-handed running shooting and expert shooting, two-handed standing shooting on the chest, one-handed passing and two-handed touching the ground, two-handed dribbling alternately dodging defense and advancing beyond defense. The restricted area and the free throw line have been added to the rules. A player who commits four fouls will be disqualified, and any player with 1 can be punished by the captain. The competition time is divided into the first half and the second half with an interval of 10 minute. After each shot or free throw, jump the ball to the middle circle and start the game again. But since 1926, the basketball level in China has been greatly improved. 1892, Smith, the inventor of basketball, made a simple rule of 18, and basketball entered the stage of confrontation, and then the organization leader and law enforcement arbitrator-referee came into being. Foreign countries call basketball referees "ball cards", and there are two "ball cards" in each game. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, China called basketball referees "commanders", and there was only one "commander" in each basketball game. After liberation, it was renamed referee, and there were two referees in each game. The current basketball referees in China are divided into five levels: international level, national level, first level, second level and third level. Due to the increasing speed and intensity of basketball games, in order to implement the rules more comprehensively and accurately, some countries have begun to try out three referees per game.

Edit this top ten ball games in the world

1) Football. 3.3 to 3.5 billion fans. (Europe, Africa, Asia, America, etc.) 2) Cricket 2-3. A billion fans. (India, Britain, Pakistan, Asia, Australia, etc.) 3) Hockey. 2-2.2 Bilion fans. (Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia) 4) Tennis. 1 100 million fans or so. (Europe, America, Asia) 5) Volleyball has about 900 million fans. (Asia, Europe, America, Australia) 6) There are about 900 million table tennis fans. (Asia, Europe, Africa, America) 7) Baseball has about 500 million fans. (USA, Japan, Cuba, Dominican Republic) 8) There are about 400 million golf fans. (USA, Canada, Europe) 9) Gridiron (American football) 390-4 10 million fans. (mainly the United States) 10) Basketball fans do not exceed 400 million. (American and Chinese translation: 1) Football: 3.3-3.5 billion fans (Europe, Africa, Asia, America, etc. ) 2) Cricket: 200-300 million fans (India, Britain, Pakistan, Australia, etc. 3) Hockey: 200-300 million fans (Asia, Europe, Africa, etc.). Asia) 5) Volleyball: about 900 million fans (Asia, Europe, America and Australia) 6) Table tennis: about 900 million fans (Asia, Europe, Africa and America) 7) Baseball: about 500 million fans (USA, Japan, Cuba and Dominica) 8) Golf: about 400 million fans (USA and Canada).

Edit the basic rules of this paragraph.

Basketball rules formulated by naismith ① Basketball is played by hand and the ball is round; ② Walking or running with the ball in hand is not allowed; (3) Athletes can go anywhere on the field as long as it does not affect or hinder other athletes; ④ Physical contact between athletes is not allowed; ⑤ The hoop should be horizontal. According to these five basic principles, Mr. naismith made the most primitive rules of basketball match. There are 13 original basketball competition rules. The basic content of this article 13 is: 1. Players can throw the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands. 2. Players can catch the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands, but they must never hit the ball with their fists. Players can't take the ball away. You must hold the ball with your hand, but you are not allowed to kick the ball with your head and feet. 5. Players are not allowed to use shoulder bump, hand pull, hand push, hand bump, foot trip and other methods to deal with opposing players. Any player who violates this rule is regarded as the first foul and will be forced to stop playing until he hits the target. If you intentionally hurt the opposing player, you will be disqualified from participating in the whole game and will not be allowed to substitute. 6. It is against rules 3 and 4 to hit the ball with fists. 7. If either side fouls three times in a row, it is counted as the other side's goal. Continuous foul refers to: during a period of time, the opposing team members did not foul, while their own team members fouled continuously. 8. If the defender doesn't touch or interfere with the ball, when the ball is thrown into the basket and stays in it, it is considered a basket. If the ball stops at the basket and the other team touches the basket, it is also a fortune teller. 9. When the ball is out of bounds, the ball will be thrown into the field by the first person who touches it. If there is an argument, the referee will throw the ball into the field. Throw a foul ball for five seconds. After more than 5 seconds, the ball was awarded to the opponent. 10. The referee is the referee of the player, and he has the right to call a foul. However, if the referee blocks any team, his license will be revoked. When a team fouls three times in a row, he will notify the assistant referee. He has the right to declare an athlete disqualified. 1 1. The assistant referee is the referee of the player. He can decide the time of the ball in the game, he should calculate the time, decide the hitting of the ball, record the hitting times of the ball, and bear the responsibility that the referee should bear at ordinary times. 12. The game will be played in two 20 minutes with a 5-minute break. 13. The team that hits the ball the most wins. If there is a draw, with the consent of both captains, the game can be postponed until another goal is scored. Although the original 13 basketball competition rules are not systematic and complete, and some terms are not clear enough, they have played a great role in promoting the development of basketball in the early stage. Especially, basketball has developed into a modern basketball sport today, with higher technical and tactical level and more important rules. It requires strict, scientific and systematic management of basketball competition rules.