cultivation techniques

pot culture

Olive tree is a subtropical evergreen tree, belonging to Oleaceae. It was a sacred thing in ancient Greece, symbolizing peace, courage and victory. Olive trees are 6-8 meters high, with opposite leaves, oval or lanceolate, 7-8 cm long, dark green leaves, slightly silvery dander scales, and covered with silvery dander scales on their backs. Buds are naked buds, conical cymes, axillary, small flowers, yellowish white, slightly fragrant, calyx bell-shaped, corolla deeply 4-lobed. The flowering period is May, and the fruit ripens from September to 65438+February. The fruit is a nearly spherical or elliptical fleshy drupe. Before harvesting, the fruit is green, and when it is ripe, it is mostly dark brown, shiny or covered with white powder.

Olive tree is a world-famous high-quality woody oil tree with the characteristics of "high yield, high quality and high benefit". It is a strong shade tree, likes to grow in well-drained plots, bears drought, has strong adaptability to soil, can grow in slightly alkaline sandy loam and calcareous clay, and has shallow roots and cold resistance. General varieties can tolerate the low temperature of-12℃, and cold-tolerant varieties can tolerate -65438.

In 3000 BC, olive trees were planted in Crete, Greece, and then spread to countries around the Mediterranean. It has been widely planted in some countries in Europe, Asia, America and Oceania. China was introduced from the former Soviet Union and Albania in 1960s, and widely planted in southern provinces of China. Olives are propagated by sowing or transplanting with soil balls. It can be planted in the ground or potted. There are as many as 500 kinds of olive trees cultivated in the world, and about 140 kinds are widely planted. Olive branches have dense leaves and can be used as shade trees, street trees or fruit trees. Olive fruit is suitable for food and medicine, and can be made into canned food and candied fruit.

Olive trees are easy to manage, but difficult to grow. The taproot is developed, the lateral roots are few, and the root cortex is thin and easy to break and rot, which makes it difficult for seedlings to absorb enough water and nutrients from the soil after transplanting, maintain the growth needs of long leaves on the ground, and maintain the water balance between root absorption and leaf evaporation.

plant

(1) a. Planting large seedlings:

Roots are closely combined with soil when planting. The trunk can be buried 6 cm deep. The top is sealed with yellow mud, and the trunk is wrapped with straw to prevent water loss from wind and sun. Straw must be higher than the ground 10 cm, and can't touch the soil to avoid termites. Watering after planting, attention: (1) Be very careful when planting seedlings, so as not to break the root bark and damage the root tip; (2) There is no base fertilizer in the cave, and only red and yellow soil topsoil which is easy to take root is used; (3) The soil must be compacted, which is the key to survival; (4) After planting, a protective frame should be built.

B. seedling planting:

Planting time: Grain Rain is suitable for long summer.

Planting method of olive tree: burning soil and leguminous green manure are used as base fertilizers in holes, and 1 kg lime is sprinkled in each hole to prevent termite damage. When planting, add water into the hole with fine soil on the surface and mix it into slurry, implant the seedlings into the slurry to make the lateral roots naturally extend, then cover the fine soil and compact it to make the roots fully contact with the soil.

(2) Specification: 6× 6m or 6× 7m, with about 20 plants per mu.

Planting maintenance

1. Intertillage weeding:

A.3-4 times/year, that is, in Qingming (early April), summer (early July), autumnal equinox (late September) and first frost (late June 10).

B. spraying weeds:

(1) Glyphosate, an internally absorbed heteromorphic weed killer.

(2) Paraquat (Gramoxone): a contact herbicide.

Note: Herbicide has obvious phytotoxicity to olive branch leaves, so you should not touch branches and leaves when spraying.

The spraying time is generally controlled before the flowering and fruiting of spring grass and the long flowering period of summer grass in late June.

2. Coverage: It is generally carried out in high temperature and drought, rainstorm season and autumn and winter drought season. Cover the tree tray with all kinds of weeds.

3. Intercropping: 50 cm away from the tree tray.

4. Soil cultivation: generally carried out in winter.