Most cholesterol is synthesized by the human body itself, and a small part is obtained from the diet. Triglycerides, on the other hand, are mostly obtained from diet and a few are synthesized by the human body itself. 2. What is hyperlipidemia? Hyperlipidemia refers to high cholesterol (TC) and/or triglyceride (TG) or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which is called dyslipidemia in modern medicine. 3. The harm of hyperlipidemia? Blood lipid is an important substance in the human body, which has many very important functions, but it cannot exceed a certain range. If there is too much blood lipid, it is easy to cause "blood thickening", which will deposit on the blood vessel wall and gradually form small plaques (that is, "atherosclerosis" as we often say). These "plaques" increase and expand, gradually blocking blood vessels, slowing blood flow, and in severe cases, blood flow is interrupted. If this happens to the heart, it will cause coronary heart disease; When it happens in the brain, there will be a stroke; If the fundus blood vessels are blocked, it will lead to decreased vision and blindness; If it occurs in the kidney, it will cause renal arteriosclerosis and renal failure; It occurs in the lower limbs, and limb necrosis and ulceration will occur. In addition, hyperlipidemia can cause hypertension, gallstones, pancreatitis, aggravate hepatitis, and lead to male sexual dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. The latest research suggests that hyperlipidemia may be related to the onset of cancer. 4. Who is prone to hyperlipidemia? Family history of hyperlipidemia; Obese person; Middle-aged and elderly people; Long-term high-sugar diet; Postmenopausal women; Long-term smokers and alcoholics; People who are used to sitting still; People whose lives are irregular, excitable and nervous; Liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, hypertension and other diseases. 5. No symptoms do not mean that blood lipids are not high. Because the onset of hyperlipidemia is a chronic process, mild hyperlipidemia usually does not have any uncomfortable feeling. If you feel better, you will have dizziness, headache, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, chest pain, fatigue, bickering, inability to speak, numbness of limbs and other symptoms, which will eventually lead to serious diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and the corresponding symptoms will appear. 6. Do you have high blood lipids? Total cholesterol (TC) below 5.20mmol/L(200mg/dl) is normal, and above 5.72mmol /L (200mg/dl) is abnormal. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is lower than 3.12mmol/L (120mg/DL) and higher than 3.64mmol/L( 140mg/dl). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is normal when it is higher than 1.04mmol/L(40mg /dl), and abnormal when it is lower than 0.9 1mmol/L(35mg/dl). Triglyceride (TG) below1.70mmol/L (150mg/DL) is normal, and above1.70mmol/L (150mg/DL) is abnormal. 7. Three magic weapons for regulating blood lipid: regulating diet structure, improving lifestyle and drug treatment. (1) The principle of regulating diet structure: limit the intake of foods rich in fat and cholesterol; Choose low-fat food (vegetable oil, yogurt); Increase vitamins and fiber (fruits, vegetables, bread and cereals) (2) The daily diet structure of normal elderly people: an egg and a banana; A bowl of milk (not necessarily with sugar, but also with yogurt and milk powder); 500g of fruits and vegetables (multiple varieties can be selected); 100g clean meat, including fish, poultry, livestock and other meats (calculated by edible parts); 50g of bean products (including tofu, yuba, thousands of pieces, bean cakes and all kinds of bean processed products, such as bean paste, bean paste and boiled whole beans); About 500 grams of grain (including rice, flour, miscellaneous grains, roots and sugar); Drink soup every day, one bowl for each meal. (3) Foods with hypolipidemic effect: garlic (65438+ 0~2 pieces of sweet and sour garlic on an empty stomach in the morning), ginger, eggplant, hawthorn, persimmon, auricularia auricula, milk, etc. (4) Examples of diet therapy for hyperlipidemia patients: breakfast, 200ml soybean milk, 50g steamed cake, cooked soybean10g; Chinese food, standard flour and corn flour100g, rice porridge 50g, lean pork 20g, fried green pepper100g, fried beans100g; For dinner, rice150g, Chinese cabbage100g, boiled tofu 50g, vermicelli10g, carp 20g and shredded potatoes100g. All-day cooking oil 12g. (5) improve lifestyle a. lose weight: obesity is excess fat and an external sign of atherosclerosis. B. Quitting smoking: Nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco cause and aggravate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. C. controlling alcohol: drinking less is good for the human body, and drinking more is harmful. Wine is high in calories, and drinking more will aggravate obesity. D. aerobic exercise. 8. Appropriate exercise for the elderly Whether it is appropriate to calculate the amount of exercise through the heart rate, and the heart rate should be kept at (220- age) ×(60%-85%). Sports suitable for the elderly include Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, jogging, fast walking, slow cycling, swimming, mountain climbing, aerobics for the elderly, gateball, badminton and walking backwards. The best time to exercise in a day: 5 am, the amount of exercise should not be too large, and it should be kept light to medium intensity; 10 in the morning is the best exercise opportunity in a day, and 16~ 17 in the afternoon is the most suitable exercise time for losing weight. 0.5~ 1 hour before dinner, at this time, walking (or brisk walking) and doing health gymnastics are beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. At the same time, we should pay attention to mental health and maintain an optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life. 9. Drug therapy, protecting the heart and protecting the brain. In the early 1990s, the international medical community conducted a large-scale study on lipid-lowering therapy, and the results were encouraging: taking lipid-lowering drugs for a long time not only reduced blood lipids, but also significantly reduced the incidence, disability and mortality of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. In short, the most fundamental purpose of lipid-lowering therapy is to prevent and delay the occurrence of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases. At present, doctors and patients all over the world attach great importance to lipid-lowering treatment, and their concepts have undergone fundamental changes. So some people say that the era of lipid regulation has arrived! 10. How to choose an ideal lipid-lowering drug? When the blood lipid can not be reduced to the ideal level through reasonable adjustment of diet structure, change of bad living habits and strengthening physical exercise, drug treatment must be started. At present, there are many drugs for regulating blood lipid, which are mainly divided into the following three categories: (1) statins, which are mainly used to lower cholesterol, such as Shujiangzhi and Pragu; (2) Bates: mainly reduce triglycerides, such as Novotel and Lipitor; (3) Natural drugs, such as Longtai Jiangzhining, can effectively reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, and can increase high-density lipoprotein, which has the function of comprehensively regulating blood lipids with little side effects. Because the rise of blood lipids is a slow process, the regulation of blood lipids, especially the elimination of adverse effects of blood lipids, also needs a continuous process. Therefore, patients should choose lipid-lowering drugs with obvious lipid-lowering effect and little toxic and side effects according to their own different situations. 1 1. It is very important to check blood lipids: because many people don't know enough about the harm of hyperlipidemia, and hyperlipidemia itself has no symptoms, many people inadvertently find that blood lipids are high. In order to nip in the bud, when you have the following conditions, such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, xanthoma of skin or family history of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, middle-aged and elderly women, postmenopausal women, long-term high-sugar diet, please check your blood lipids as soon as possible. Ordinary people: check blood lipids every 2 years; People over 40 years old: check blood lipid/kloc-0 once a year; High-risk groups and patients with hyperlipidemia: check blood lipids regularly according to the doctor's advice. 12. Blood lipid and coronary heart disease: Despite statistics, the mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has exceeded 1/2 of the total population mortality rate. Coronary heart disease is also called coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The coronary artery is the artery that supplies blood to the heart. Because of excessive fat deposition, it causes arteriosclerosis, blocks blood flow, causes heart ischemia, and produces a series of symptoms, namely coronary heart disease. Risk factors of coronary heart disease: hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, lack of physical activity, excessive mental stress, family history of coronary heart disease, oral contraceptives, etc. Among them, hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factors of coronary heart disease. Regulating blood lipid is the most basic therapy to prevent and treat coronary heart disease: when the serum total cholesterol level drops by 65438 0%, the incidence of coronary heart disease drops by 2%. As long as you have coronary heart disease, no matter whether your blood lipid is high or not, you should take lipid-regulating drugs for a long time. Because long-term lipid-lowering therapy can reduce the incidence and mortality of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. 13. Relationship between blood lipids and cerebral infarction: When cholesterol in blood rises, atherosclerotic plaques are easily formed, which accumulate on the arterial wall, narrowing the arterial lumen, blocking blood from flowing into the corresponding parts, resulting in insufficient kinetic energy. Occurred in cerebral vessels, causing cerebral infarction. Medicine has proved that long-term lipid-lowering therapy can not only treat cerebral infarction, but also prevent it. Lipid-regulating therapy and stroke: There are many reasons for stroke, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, drinking, obesity, old age, diabetes, blood diseases and so on. Among them, hyperlipidemia and cerebral atherosclerosis are one of the important risk factors of cerebral infarction. Many studies have proved that long-term lipid-lowering therapy can significantly reduce the incidence and disability rate of stroke, so clinicians pay more and more attention to the treatment of hyperlipidemia. 14. Blood lipids and diabetes: Hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia are called "three highs" and are the main risk factors that threaten the health and life of diabetic patients. These three are closely related. Hyperlipidemia will aggravate diabetes, so diabetic patients need to adjust their blood lipids in addition to treating hyperglycemia, which is the key to reduce the mortality and disability rate of diabetic patients. Diabetic patients should pay attention to regulating blood lipids: diabetes complicated with hyperlipidemia is more likely to lead to stroke, coronary heart disease, limb necrosis, fundus lesions, renal lesions, neuropathy and so on. These long-term complications of diabetes are the main causes of disability or premature death of diabetic patients. More than half of diabetic patients are complicated with hyperlipidemia, and active treatment of hyperlipidemia is of great benefit to controlling blood sugar and preventing complications. Regulating blood sugar can improve blood lipid to a certain extent, but to reach the ideal level, intervention of lipid-regulating drugs is needed. The treatment of diabetes and lipid metabolism has become the standard to control the condition of diabetic patients. 15. Lipids and fatty liver: Fatty liver is caused by a large accumulation of liver fat, often accompanied by elevated blood lipids. B-ultrasound examination is the main method to check fatty liver at present. The incidence of fatty liver is as high as 5~ 10%. About 35% of adults with elevated transaminase in physical examination are fatty liver, and some patients can develop cirrhosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of fatty liver is very important to prevent the progress of chronic liver disease and improve the prognosis. Who is prone to fatty liver: patients with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, abdominal fat accumulation, long-term heavy drinkers, obese people, patients with viral hepatitis. What are the symptoms of fatty liver? Mild fatty liver mostly has no conscious symptoms. Moderate and severe manifestations are hepatomegaly, loss of appetite, swelling and pain in liver area, and elevated transaminase. A few cases have mild jaundice and splenomegaly. What should patients with fatty liver do: Early treatment can prevent the development of fatty liver, and most fatty liver can be cured. Including eliminating the cause, improving the lifestyle and adjusting the diet structure; Use lipid-regulating drugs for treatment. 16. Longtai Jiangzhining Granule is a pure natural pharmaceutical preparation. It has been clinically proved for many years that it can obviously reduce the levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum low-density lipoprotein sterol, and can obviously improve the symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, chest pain, palpitation, limb numbness and arrhythmia caused by hyperlipidemia. Has dual functions of treatment and prevention, has no side effects, and is safe and reliable in clinical use.

Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia

Dietotherapy is the basis of hyperlipidemia treatment. No matter whether you take any medication or not, you must first take diet therapy. Drug therapy can only be used if the diet therapy is ineffective or the patient can't tolerate it. Attention should also be paid to diet control during taking lipid-lowering drugs to enhance the efficacy of drugs.

(1) Reducing fat intake is the basis of controlling calories. Reduce animal fat such as lard, fat pork, butter, fat sheep, fat cattle, fat ducks, fat geese, etc. There are too many saturated fatty acids in this kind of food, and the fat is easy to deposit on the blood vessel wall, which increases the viscosity of blood. Saturated fatty acids can promote the absorption of cholesterol and the synthesis of liver cholesterol, and improve the level of serum cholesterol. Long-term excessive intake of saturated fatty acids can increase triglycerides, accelerate blood coagulation and promote thrombosis. Scientists have found that Eskimos in Greenland in the Arctic Circle make a living by fishing, and the mortality rate of coronary heart disease among them is only 5.3%, far lower than that of Danes (35%). The food they eat is low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and eicosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They are found in the fish oil of marine fish.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids can make the fatty acid spectrum in blood develop in a healthy direction, reduce platelet aggregation and increase anticoagulation. Can reduce blood viscosity. DHA can reduce blood lipid and protect nervous system. Therefore, it is recommended to eat more marine fish to protect the cardiovascular system and reduce blood lipids. Vegetable oils should be used when cooking, such as soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, tea oil, sesame oil, etc. And the edible oil should be 10 ml ~ 15 ml every day.

(2) Limit cholesterol intake. Cholesterol is an essential substance for human body, but excessive intake is very harmful. Cholesterol in the diet should not exceed 300 mg per day. Avoid foods with high cholesterol, such as animal viscera, egg yolk, roe and squid.

Phytosterols exist in rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed and other plants. Phytosterol is in a free state in vegetable oil, and it does have cholesterol-lowering effect, while soybean sterol has obvious blood lipid-lowering effect. Advocate eating more soy products.

(3) Adequate protein supply. The source of protein is very important, mainly from milk, eggs, lean meat, skinless poultry, fish and shrimp, soybeans, bean products and other foods. But protein's intake should be above 50%.

(4) Reduce carbohydrate intake appropriately. Don't eat too much sugar and sweets, because sugar can be converted into triglycerides. Every meal should be seven or eight points full. You should eat more coarse grains, such as millet, oats, beans and other foods, which are high in cellulose and have the effect of lowering blood fat.

(5) Eat more foods rich in vitamins, inorganic salts and cellulose. You should eat more fruits and vegetables, which contain vitamin C, inorganic salts and cellulose, which can reduce triglycerides and promote cholesterol excretion. The lipid-lowering food can be yogurt, garlic, green tea, hawthorn, mung bean, onion, shiitake mushroom, mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, auricularia auricula, tremella, Hericium erinaceus and other foods. In recent years, it has been found that mushrooms are rich in "shiitake mushrooms". Scholars have done experiments. When people eat precession fat, blood cholesterol will temporarily rise. At the same time, eating some mushrooms found that the cholesterol in the blood not only did not increase, but decreased slightly, which did not affect the digestion of fat. Foreign scholars believe that it is a scientific side dish method to widely use ingredients such as auricularia auricula and shiitake mushrooms in China cooking. Every 3 ~ 4 mushrooms contain Lentinus edodes 100 mg, which has the function of reducing blood fat and protecting health. Hawthorn, peanut, mussel, radish, corn, kelp, tofu, milk, soybean and other foods all have the function of lowering blood fat. Avoid drinking alcohol, alcohol can inhibit lipoprotein lipase, promote the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol and triglycerides, and lead to increased blood lipids.

It is necessary to adopt the cooking methods of steaming, boiling, stewing, boiling and boiling, and adhere to a diet with less salt, with no more than 6 grams of salt per day.