National defense situation and policy Part I: Reflections on the relationship between national defense construction and economic construction.
Abstract: Coordinating the relationship between national defense construction and economic construction is an inevitable requirement for implementing Scientific Outlook on Development. Relying on the present situation of social and economic development in the resident area, we should work out the development ideas of "national defense construction and social economy, military technology and civilian technology, and military talents and local talents" together with local party committees and governments, build a integration of defense and civilian technologies development mechanism that adapts to the needs of "market" environment and "battlefield" with overall planning, key breakthroughs and overall promotion, promote the all-round and multi-level integration of national defense construction and economic construction, and form the mutual integration of national defense construction and economic construction.
Keywords: coordination; Development; National defense construction; economic construction
I. Overview
The military and local governments have their own advantages. Scientific planning, comprehensive utilization and rational allocation of military and land resources, complementary sharing of resources, unification of a rich country and a strong army, and all-round and multi-level internal integration of national defense construction and economic construction in terms of structure, layout, technology, talents and information. For those multi-purpose resources, we should try our best to share military and civilian resources, such as the cultivation of military and civilian talents, the transformation of military technology into military and civilian facilities, and the ability of national defense science, technology and industry to serve the people. At the same time, in view of the similarities and differences of military and land resources, we should give full play to our advantages, realize the common development of the two and enhance the overall strength.
Coordinating the relationship between national defense construction and economic construction is an inevitable requirement for the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development. To implement Scientific Outlook on Development in national defense and army building, the first problem is to adhere to the principle of coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, and correctly understand and grasp the relationship between national defense and economic construction. It is an important prerequisite and material basis for solving all problems, including national defense and army building, to concentrate on economic construction and continuously enhance economic strength. Only when the economy develops can national defense and military modernization continue to develop. National defense strength is an important part of comprehensive national strength, and a strong and consolidated national defense is an important guarantee for national security and economic development. We must regard national defense and military modernization as the major strategic tasks to promote socialist modernization from the overall height of building a well-off society in an all-round way. We must resolutely obey the overall situation of serving the country's economic and social development and consciously act under the overall situation. It is necessary to integrate national defense and army building into the overall situation of socialist modernization, rely on the country's economic and social development, solidly promote the modernization of national defense and army, and make national defense and economic construction promote and coordinate with each other.
Second, the important role of coordinated development.
(1) Adhere to the policy of strengthening the country through coordinated development of national defense and economic construction.
The coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction is an important way to enhance comprehensive national strength. From the Marxist theory of state, the state is a tool for the economically dominant class to rule the ruled class politically. It has political power and the armed forces that make up this power. A strong comprehensive national strength is the foundation of a strong country and an important symbol of its prosperity. The goal of maintaining national security and social stability through national defense construction and the goal of comprehensive national strength through economic construction are unified in the goal of building a strong country. From the perspective of national policies, realizing modernization, reunifying the motherland, maintaining world peace and promoting common development are the three major historical tasks facing China in the new century and new stage. Modernization includes both economic construction and national defense construction; The reunification of the motherland depends not only on the development of the national economy, but also on a strong national defense force; Maintaining world peace and promoting common development depend on the strength of comprehensive national strength, including economic strength and national defense strength. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the policy of coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction, and put this policy in an important position of national policy. In practice, the coordination between national defense construction and economic construction is related to the prosperity and security of the country. If the two are coordinated, the country will be strong; If the two are out of balance, the country will be in danger Without economic development, not only can it not become a rich country, but national defense construction will also become a castle in the air. Without support and foundation, the country will eventually become strong; On the other hand, no matter how good the economic development is, even if it can become a rich country, it can't become a strong country if it ignores national defense construction.
(2) Adhering to the coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction is the way to strengthen the army.
If a country or a nation wants to be invincible in the fierce international competition, it must have both strong economic strength and strong military strength. A strong army can not be separated from high-quality talents, advanced weapons and equipment, reasonable structure and scientific theory. On the one hand, national defense construction is the main way to build a strong army, and economic construction is the foundation of national defense construction. Without economic construction, it is impossible to build a good national defense and the goal of building a strong army is difficult to achieve. On the other hand, strengthening economic construction can provide new development space and new opportunities and impetus for army building. In the history of the world, the rise of great powers, especially in the process of opening the world market, not only put forward strong demand, but also provided important opportunities for building a strong army. In order to control overseas trade and the world market, Britain has established a world-class army with the navy as its pillar. The United States has also established a military force to dominate the world for its own economic and security interests. As a large developing country, China is striving to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Hu Jintao put forward the historical mission of the army in the new century and new stage, and put forward new requirements for building a strong army. We should fully understand the extreme importance of the coordinated development of national defense and economic construction in building a strong army, closely combine the new situation and new requirements faced by economic construction and national defense construction, constantly enhance our consciousness of adhering to this policy, further improve our ability to control the coordinated development of economic construction and national defense construction, accelerate the process of army building, and realize the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the army.
(3) Adhering to the coordinated development of national defense and economic construction is an important guarantee for the peaceful rise of the country.
The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "Building a solid national defense is a strategic task of China's modernization and an important guarantee for safeguarding national security and unity and building a well-off society in an all-round way." Whether China can achieve peaceful development and successfully achieve its grand development goals depends on whether there is a peaceful, safe and stable development environment, which must be guaranteed by a strong army and a solid national defense. Only when the army is strong and its deterrence is enhanced can it provide reliable security for development, maintain a stable external environment needed for development and strive for the longest possible time for peace building. Therefore, facing the complicated and changeable external development environment, taking the road of peaceful development and accelerating the pace of socialist modernization, we must coordinate the development of national defense construction and economic construction. While developing the economy, we must constantly strengthen national defense and army building, maintain a strong military deterrent, ensure that the people's army can calmly cope with various challenges and tests facing national security at any time, and provide a strong and reliable security guarantee for the smooth progress of economic construction and the peaceful development of the country.
References:
[1] Chen, Ye Xinchan. Actively coordinate the development of national defense and economic construction [J]. Theoretical Research on Military Political Work, 2005, (5).
National Defense Situation and Policy Part II: Reflections on Strengthening National Defense Education for College Students
National defense education is an important part of quality education for college students. At present, there are many problems in national defense education in colleges and universities, which are mainly manifested in macro policies, weak teachers and weak national defense awareness of college students. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, improve teaching means and methods, and make a reasonable orientation. Create a strong campus cultural environment and strengthen national defense education.
Keywords: college students; education for national defence
National defense education is one of the fine traditions of the Chinese nation. Confucius said, "Good people can teach people for seven years and get immediate results." He believes that people's military training can improve their military skills. Mencius said that "good education wins the hearts of the people". When answering Liang's question [1], Mencius expounded the national subject consciousness in national defense from the perspective of benevolence and righteousness. Modern national defense education generally refers to all kinds of organized and planned moral, intellectual and physical education activities for all citizens in order to defend national sovereignty, territorial integrity and security, resist foreign aggression, subversion and threats, and safeguard national and national interests [2]. From a broader and more accurate point of view, modern national defense has long gone beyond the military perspective, involving political, economic, cultural, legal and other fields, forming the "ultra-limited war" national defense thought and the multi-dimensional structural relationship of its components. In today's new situation, the strengthening of college students' national defense consciousness must take this as the basic starting point and use various means and methods to carry out multi-level seamless education.
First, the significance of strengthening national defense education for college students
(A) to enhance the national defense concept of college students
National defense education is not only an important foundation for building and consolidating national defense, but also an important way to enhance national cohesion and improve the quality of the whole people. In the second world war, the allies suffered heavy losses at the beginning of the war without exception. One of the important reasons is that the second peaceful trend of thought prevailed in modern history, and citizens' national defense concept was extremely indifferent. Therefore, to strengthen national defense education, college students must truly understand the important truth of cherishing peace, build a national defense barrier and win peace and stability. We should fully understand the meaning of "the country is undefended and the people are in poverty" and turn it into a great spiritual force for rejuvenating the nation and building the country. In fact, the contemporary college students' weak awareness of national defense concept has become an urgent problem to be solved. In recent years, the cultivation and research of national defense consciousness and national spirit has become the focus and core issue of national defense education in China.
(B) enhance the sense of hardship of college students
The ancients said: "Although the world is safe, forgetting the war will be dangerous." A nation without crisis consciousness is a nation without hope. A nation must always be aware of the crisis facing its national security interests, and be fully prepared to deal with the crisis and overcome hidden dangers consciously in thought and action. With the expansion of the relative peaceful environment and the development of the socialist market economy, many college students, while enjoying a peaceful life and pursuing economic and material benefits, consciously or unconsciously downplay their sense of hardship. Facing the severe security situation in China today, the comprehensiveness, complexity and variability of national security issues have been further enhanced, and college students are unclear in their ideological understanding and lack sufficient crisis awareness of the country and the nation. Therefore, strengthening the national defense education of college students and arousing their sense of hardship and national crisis can cope with the impact of various war storms.
(C) improve the overall quality of college students
To realize the modernization of national defense, talents are the key and education is the foundation. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "The strength of our country, the strength of national strength and the stamina of economic development depend more and more on the quality of workers and the quantity and quality of intellectuals." Strengthening national defense education can not only make college students strengthen their national defense concept, but also learn and master the necessary modern military knowledge, exercise their physique, and grow into national defense talents with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique, thus promoting national defense modernization and even the modernization of the whole country. The national defense quality of college students is an important part of their comprehensive quality. Only through national defense education can we improve the national defense quality of college students and train a large number of high-quality talents for national defense modernization to meet the requirements of future wars.
Second, the main problems existing in the current national defense education for college students
(1) National defense education focuses on macro guidance.
The national education policy attaches great importance to national defense education in colleges and universities. 20 12 In early February, the Ministry of Education proposed to strengthen practical education, which once again emphasized military skills training. However, these decrees and documents have not attracted enough attention from local governments and universities, thus affecting the implementation effect of national defense education in universities.
(B) National defense education teachers are not strong
At present, there are some problems in the construction of national defense education teachers in colleges and universities in China, mainly in the low academic level of teachers. Only six universities in China have a master's degree in national defense education, which belongs to higher education. At the same time, teachers' teaching tasks are biased. Some full-time military teachers in colleges and universities are not only engaged in teaching, but also responsible for the administrative work of the people's armed forces. It is difficult to have the energy and mind to specialize in military teaching activities, which greatly affects the sustainable development of national defense education.
(3) Educational measures are not perfect, and national defense education is not paid enough attention.
The lack of special funds for national defense education is manifested in the fact that some colleges and universities do not have special training practice bases, and students are crowded in a stadium or the road and square of the school during military training, so it is difficult to implement shooting and tactics courses. At the same time, the skill training is short in time and single in content, which is not connected with the majors set by colleges and universities, and the training of specialized national defense reserve forces is out of touch with professional education, resulting in the low quality and lack of connotation of the whole skill training. In order to save money, some colleges and universities do not set up special national defense education institutions, but only give lectures on national defense education once or twice a year instead of national defense education classes. In this way, the national defense education and teaching plan can not be fully implemented. Although some provinces have inspected and evaluated the military curriculum construction in recent years, and formulated an inspection index system, the functions of promoting construction by evaluation, promoting reform by evaluation and combining evaluation and construction have not been effectively brought into play.
(D) the single form of teaching, it is difficult to stimulate students' interest
Due to the small proportion of credits in national defense education course, which is only a theoretical compulsory course and a skill training course with 2 credits each, most national defense elective courses are in a backward state of construction, and even some colleges and universities have not included this course in the curriculum. Affected by the above factors, national defense education in colleges and universities is not closely related to students' ideological reality, lack of pertinence, and is not closely related to students' majors, which leads to students' lack of interest in military theory courses.
Third, measures to strengthen national defense education for college students
(A) a correct understanding of the urgency of carrying out national defense education
Comrade Hu Jintao emphasized: "While concentrating on economic construction, we must earnestly strengthen national defense construction", so that the two can "promote each other" and "form a strong atmosphere in which the whole party and the whole country care, support and build national defense". National defense education is a lifelong education for citizens. The National Defense Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly points out: "National defense education in schools is the basis of national defense education for all and an important part of implementing quality education." Generally speaking, the development of national defense education in colleges and universities has good external conditions, and the degree of attention is increasing. Some provinces are at the forefront of national defense education. For example, 20 1 1, Sichuan Military Region evaluated the military courses of undergraduate colleges in the whole province, which effectively promoted the construction of military courses in ordinary undergraduate colleges. As educators, we should not only realize the importance of national defense education, but also realize that college students have unshirkable obligations in national defense. Improving their national defense consciousness is an important way to strengthen quality education at present. (B) the rational orientation of national defense education in colleges and universities.
National defense education is not an isolated course, but a systematic project. Not only school leaders should pay attention to it, but also all departments should actively support, cooperate and cooperate. Scientific orientation of national defense education in colleges and universities. In order to strengthen national defense education in colleges and universities, the relevant ministries and commissions of the state and the competent departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should set up a steering group composed of experts and professors, speed up the changes in teaching and research sections and teachers, and promote the standardization and institutionalization of national defense education in colleges and universities as soon as possible [3]. There are two main ways to build national defense education: one is from top to bottom, that is, from the state to provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and below, mainly driven by administrative forces; The second is the bottom-up construction path, that is, all grass-roots units and colleges give full play to their subjective initiative and actively implement, decompose and implement the policies of higher authorities and the state, which is an effective method.
(3) Strengthen the construction of counterpart teachers and improve teaching methods.
It is necessary to promote the rational allocation and professional title evaluation of national defense education teachers, pay attention to the cultivation of key teachers, and strive to build the existing teaching team. In addition, the training of reserve national defense education teachers is imminent. At present, the on-the-job personnel of the national defense education master's degree program in six universities have stopped recruiting on 20 1 1, and the number of full-time national defense education master's graduates is only about 15, which cannot meet the needs of professional talent accumulation. Therefore, we must explore a long-term training mechanism as soon as possible. It is necessary to focus on solving the moderate scale construction of master's and doctoral programs in national defense education, and increase the input of various resources for discipline ownership and construction. At the same time, it is necessary to reform teaching methods, make full use of the rich resources of the network, establish a multi-level national defense education system in colleges and universities, and keep pace with the times in time. At the same time, Yingmo was invited to give a speech at the school, and national defense education was organized in a targeted manner by using the "Double Support * * * Construction" activity.
(D) to create a strong campus cultural environment for national defense education
Campus culture is a "material, institutional and psychological" model with school characteristics accumulated and created by teachers and students in the process of campus study and life [4]. The hidden educational function of campus culture can not be ignored, which is conducive to enhancing the penetration and influence of national defense education. Therefore, colleges and universities should comprehensively utilize various effective resources, improve the level and taste of national defense education, and effectively expand the development space of national defense education. Establish various organizations that embody the spirit of national defense, set up school-based national defense education courses in combination with the reality of our school, base on reality, focus on the long-term, and make national defense education imperceptibly and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the form of entertaining. Some scholars have suggested that military skills training should be integrated into the whole academic system, rather than concentrated in two weeks. This is an opportunity to build a good campus national defense cultural environment, which complements the campus cultural construction. This kind of environmental construction can be analyzed from the perspectives of school history, discipline and specialty setting, and school internal structure. In order to build a dissipative coupling system of national defense education with less system redundancy and powerful function.
National defense education in colleges and universities is not only the basic requirement of implementing national defense education laws and policies, but also an important guarantee for the construction of national defense reserve forces in the era of high-tech war under the new military reform situation. Therefore, the national defense education in colleges and universities must update their concepts, keep pace with the times at a new height, promote national defense education in a deep and solid way, and let college students actively think about national security issues from a broader and deeper level. This is the correct direction to strengthen national defense education in colleges and universities in the new historical development period.
References:
[1] Jia. Theory and Practice of National Defense Education in the New Era [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 2007: 1-2.
[2] Lin Jie. Research on National Defense Education in Colleges and Universities in China [J]. Intelligence, 20 10, (1 1).
[3] Zhang Guoying. Analysis and discussion on the present situation of national defense education in colleges and universities [J]. China Architectural Education, 2006, (2).
[4] Ryan. Research on the implementation strategy of national defense education in colleges and universities [J]. Journal of Social Sciences of Jiamusi University, 20 10, (1).
National Defense Situation and Policy Part III: On National Defense Education in Colleges and Universities
Abstract: Peace and development are the themes of today's world, but the world is still in turmoil. College students not only shoulder the heavy responsibility of national economic construction, but also are an important force in national defense construction. In the current environment of valuing literature over martial arts, it is necessary to strengthen national defense education for college students, so as to enhance their sense of national hardship and improve their military quality.
Keywords: colleges and universities; National defense; Sense of hardship; National defense sports
Under the influence of national policies, most college students are now only children. Under the care of their parents since childhood, a considerable number of them have become greenhouse flowers and white-flour scholars; Some people have developed IQ, but their physical fitness is extremely poor and they are weak. College students are the hope of the motherland and the undertaker of social responsibility in the future. More importantly, they still shoulder an important force in national defense construction. Although the focus of the current world is peace and economic construction, the world is still in turmoil, as evidenced by regional conflicts and small-scale wars such as the US-Iraq war and the Lebanon-Israel war. It has become an urgent task for college students to carry out national defense education, improve their military quality and cultivate their respect for the army and its good wishes.
First of all, we should enhance students' sense of hardship and improve their sense of national defense. Born in sorrow, died in happiness. One of the main reasons why the Roman Empire turned from prosperity to decline was that the self-confidence spirit cultivated by people's martial tradition gradually faded in a peaceful environment when the empire flourished, the country was negligent in military preparation, and the people were ashamed of military service. China has a similar example. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, China's national strength reached an unprecedented height. Later, due to the long-term domestic commitment, various military systems became increasingly lax. By the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, foreign invasion and civil strife emerged one after another. The Tang Dynasty began to decline. The emperor of the Song Dynasty only knew "green fat and red thin" and despised martial arts, and finally died; In the Qing dynasty, "the country was in trouble, the people were poor and the soldiers were weak", which brought corruption and decline. Therefore, the national strength is strong and the national defense is strong; The whole people attach importance to national defense, and where the society advocates martial arts, national defense is strong; Where the military and civilians are in harmony, where all the people are soldiers, national defense will flourish; On the contrary, it is weak. Throughout ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, this is true.
The Chinese nation has the traditional virtue of not being afraid of violence and dying for the country. The rise of military national education at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China changed people's habit of accumulating weakness to a certain extent and strengthened people's concept of respecting the military and worshiping the army. The combination of the concept of worshipping the army and the traditional virtue of not being afraid of violence has made the Chinese nation more United and powerful. The people of the whole country are brave, tenacious and indomitable, and have waged a long and arduous struggle against reactionary rule and foreign invaders. China gained independence and gradually embarked on the road to prosperity. However, after entering the peace-building period, many people are depressed, "swords and guns are in storage" and their national defense concept is weak. With the extension of peace time, people's national defense concept is fading. At present, economic consciousness is dominant, people's concepts and values have changed, and money worship, hedonism and extreme individualism have occupied a certain market. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the idea of respecting the army and martial arts gradually faded, which affected the development of national defense education. This series of ideas will inevitably affect schools and students. Influenced by the enrollment rate and other factors, the school has long been "emphasizing literature over martial arts"; Students "don't know the taste of sorrow", and it is even more innocent to study state affairs. Their concepts of national defense and supporting the army are quite weak. Many students do not understand the national conditions, do not engage in physical exercise, and bury themselves in reading all day. As time goes by, Ran Ran is like a weak woman, gentle as a bodhisattva and meek as a sheep. In the early 1990s, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "strengthening national defense education and improving people's national defense concept". Comrade Jiang Zemin also pointed out that "national defense education should be carried out for a long time as a lifelong education for citizens" and emphasized that "nothing can be done", neither when the situation is tense nor when the situation is relaxed. He also stressed that national defense education is a national education, and one or two departments cannot rely on it. "All organs of the party, government and army, mass organizations of workers, youth and women, and departments of education, culture, publicity and press and publication must work together to bring national defense education into the national education system."
In the current complicated international environment, Sino-Japanese relations have fallen to the lowest point since the founding of New China. Hegemony and terrorist activities have increased; Taiwan independence forces stubbornly resisted, relying on foreign self-respect, refused peaceful reunification, constantly intensified Taiwan independence's offensive, wantonly expanded its armaments, and even put forward the strategic proposition of "preemptive strike" in an attempt to refuse reunification by force. Under such an international and domestic background, we should be prepared for danger in times of peace, enhance our sense of hardship, and strengthen national defense construction while accelerating economic development. National defense education is an important way to strengthen the basic projects of national defense construction and enhance national defense strength. Only by strengthening national defense education can we guide the people to consciously enhance their sense of hardship and actively participate in national defense construction, and can we unite the people's strength, effectively mobilize the people to join the army and participate in the war, and carry forward the tradition of people's war. Especially when our economy, technology and weapons and equipment are still relatively backward, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of patriotism and martial spirit, inject this spirit into people's consciousness and turn it into conscious action, enhance the will of all citizens to struggle, keep our country and nation full of vitality and make up for the material shortage of war. Therefore, we should not only inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of our nation, but also advocate and publicize the dedication thought with the characteristics of the times, regard cultivating patriotism and martial spirit as the important content and long-term strategic task of socialist spiritual civilization construction, and strengthen the reserve of this spirit through various ways and means. College students are the elite of society. They are not only the educated now, but also the disseminators of knowledge and ideas in the future, shouldering a dual mission. Under the current limited human and material resources, strengthening national defense education for college students and enhancing their national defense concepts and consciousness will help promote the whole society to pay attention to national defense construction, thus achieving the goal of building a strong national defense.
Secondly, we should strengthen the construction of national defense sports. National defense sports refers to the integration of national defense education into sports activities, and through the organic combination of national defense education and sports activities, the dual purposes of strengthening people's physique and strengthening national defense construction are achieved. It is of great significance to extensively carry out college students' national defense sports activities, strengthen national defense sports training, and enhance college students' physical fitness, so as to invigorate the spirit, boost the fighting spirit, promote the construction of socialist material and spiritual civilization, defend the motherland, consolidate national defense, and win the victory in the future anti-aggression war. Many famous militarists, educators and thinkers at home and abroad attach great importance to serving the military struggle through sports. Engels believes that physical exercise among students can promote students' physical and intellectual development. After these students join the army, "the quality of soldiers will be tripled", and the combat effectiveness and national defense construction of the army will be greatly improved invisibly.
Many daily sports, such as shooting, swimming, running and jumping, throwing, riding, hurdling, boxing and fencing, are closely related to military activities, and some of them are directly evolved from military activities. It is the fundamental task of national defense sports to organize various sports activities related to national defense and hold various military sports competitions, so that students can meet the sports standards of various personnel stipulated by the state and the army, strengthen their physique and hone their national defense will. National defense sports are not limited by occupation, age and gender, and have the widest universality, which is an important part of national defense practice education. After the founding of New China, national defense sports was officially listed as an important part of national defense construction. 1952 national defense sports association was established, 1956 China people's national defense sports association was established by the State Council executive meeting. National defense sports activities are vigorously carried out throughout the country. In recent years, the sports industry in China has developed vigorously, and has achieved one glory after another in the Olympic Games. However, we have not done enough in national fitness and college students' physical education, especially in national defense sports. Therefore, while strengthening national sports activities, we should focus on strengthening college students' physical exercise, and extensively carry out activities such as shooting, armed cross-country, orienteering, military swimming, military camping, skydiving, communication, model airplane, sampan and weight-bearing mountaineering, so that national defense sports can not only enhance students' physique, but also make it a sport.
Defending the frontier, defending the motherland and maintaining social stability are no longer the unique responsibilities of soldiers. Under the conditions of modern war, every citizen should do his duty. As intellectuals, college students shoulder more important responsibilities. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize national defense education and national defense sports to all kinds of colleges and universities, arouse students' feelings, unite them, spread revolutionary heroism to the whole society, form a good fashion of patriotism, courage, martial arts and support for the army among all students, enhance students' sense of hardship and improve their national defense concept.
References:
1. Liang Qichao: The Collection of Drinking Ice Rooms, the fourth episode, Kunming: Yunnan Education Press, 200 1, p. 6 18.
2. Chen Jiyun, editor-in-chief: Speech on Popularization of National Defense Education, Beijing: China National Defense University Press, 1988, p. 1.
3. Jiang Zemin: "National defense education should be incorporated into the overall ideological education system", Liberation Army Daily 1988 10.25.
4. Ren Liankui, Editor-in-Chief: A Course of National Defense Education, Beijing: China Procuratorial Publishing House, 199 1 Edition, p. 179.
5. The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 22, Beijing: People's Publishing House, 196 1 Edition, p. 447.
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