The Historical Origin of Tea Culture People in China pay attention to one thing when drinking tea. Product? In other words, when guests come, the etiquette of making tea and offering tea is essential. When a guest visits, you can ask for advice and choose the best tea set that suits the guest's taste best. When offering tea to guests, it is also necessary to mix tea properly. When drinking tea with guests, the host should pay attention to the tea residue in the guest's cup and pot. Generally speaking, tea is brewed in a teacup. If you have already drunk half of it, you should add boiling water to make the concentration of tea basically the same and the water temperature appropriate. When drinking tea, it can also be properly accompanied by tea, candy, dishes and so on. To achieve the effect of regulating taste and snacks.
Tea culture is very important in people's life in China. Tea has always been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the late primitive commune, tea became a commodity exchange. During the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea was recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period. For example, by the Han Dynasty, tea had become Buddhism? Meditate? Children's special tonic. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of drinking tea. During the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang dynasty, the tea industry flourished and tea became? People can't live without a day? Teahouses, tea parties and tea parties seem to encourage guests to offer tea. In Song Dynasty, fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular.
When did China start drinking tea? Everyone has a different opinion. But generally speaking, it can be said that it began in the Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, when drinking tea, Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" rolled down "Drinking Six Teas". Tea drinking originated in Shennong and was heard by Duke Zhou of Lu, Qi Yanying, Han, Wu, Liu Kun, Zhang Zai, Yuan Zunan, Xie An and Jin Zuosi. ? But many of them are not historical facts. It is a historical fact, and it is not easy to understand without appearances. Tea Classics: Shennong's Food Classics? Tea has been served for a long time, powerful and pleasing to the eye? (Liu Yuanchang's History of Tea, Volume 1). Lu Yu's Tea Classic holds that drinking tea originated from Shennong's family, but the Book of Food Classic is a fake book, which is well known and not credible. And "erya"? Bitter tea? In other words, the world regards Er Ya as the work of the Duke of Zhou, but mistakenly thinks that tea drinking began in the Duke of Zhou, but they don't know that Er Ya was not written by the Duke of Zhou. There is not enough evidence to start drinking tea.
The roots unearthed from Luotianshan site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province are preliminarily judged as tea trees, and the earliest tea planting history in China may be rewritten. The pronunciation of tea originated from Banan people, and Bayu is the birthplace of tea culture.
In many parts of the world, the habit of drinking tea was handed down from China. Therefore, many people think that drinking tea was initiated by China people, and the habit of drinking and growing tea in other parts of the world was passed down directly or indirectly from China.
(1) Shennong period: Tang? Lu Yu's tea classics:? Tea is used for drinking and originated from Shennong. ? In the history of cultural development in China, the origin of all things related to agriculture and plants always belongs to Shennong. After coming back here, you can't push it up any more. Because of this, Shennong became the god of agriculture.
(2) Western Zhou Dynasty: Jin? Changqu "Huayang Guozhi"? Ba zhi:? When Zhou Wuwang conquered Zhou, he was really a teacher of Bashu, and all the tea honey was a tribute. ? This record shows that when Zhou Wuwang attacked the week, Pakistanis had paid tribute to it with tea and other precious products. It is also recorded in Huayang National Records that there were already artificially cultivated tea gardens.
(3) Qin and Han Dynasties: Western Han Dynasty. Wang Bao's contract:? Do you have all the tea? ,? Wuyang buys tea? After testing, the tea is now tea. "?"was found in the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Mawangdui, Changsha. Have you verified the bamboo slips and woodcuts of Arbitrary and Arbitrary? "That is to say, the variant of" rhyme "shows that drinking tea was quite extensive in Hunan at that time. We still drink the same drinks as our very old ancestors, such as Jiang Taigong, which is really exciting. Can give us a lot of reverie.
(4) During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the tea growing area was continuously expanded, and the skills of growing, making and ordering tea were continuously improved. Tea culture was developed in Song Dynasty, and a number of works on tea science appeared, such as Cai Xiang's Tea Notes, Song Zian's Tea Experiment Notes, Huang Ru's Tea Tasting Notes, and especially Song Huizong Evonne's On Daguan Tea. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Liu Songnian's "Lu Tong brew tea" and Zhao Mengfu's "Fighting Tea" were the artistic treasures of China tea culture. [4]
In ancient historical materials, there are many names of tea, but? Tea? Is that a name? Tea? Chinese characters were generally written before the middle Tang Dynasty? Tea? Words. ? Tea? This word has the property of polysemy, which means tea, and it is one of them. Due to the development of tea production, the popularity of drinking tea is getting higher and higher, and the frequency of using tea characters is getting higher and higher. Therefore, in order to express the meaning of tea more clearly and intuitively, folk writers put? Tea? Subtract a stroke from a word and it becomes what we see? Tea? Words.
? Tea? Any news? Tea? The seeds of simplified characters originated in the Han Dynasty, and some of them are in ancient Chinese and Hindi. Tea? The word has been reduced to? Tea? The shape of the word. It's not just glyphs. Tea? The pronunciation of ""was established in the Western Han Dynasty. For example, Chaling in Hunan was once the site of Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty. Tea? Wangcheng, then one of Changsha 13 counties, was called? Tea? Lingxian county. In Hanshu? Geography? Tea? Ling? Tea? Yan Shigu's notes are: the sound is extravagant but reversed, and the sound is arrogant and reversed. This reverse phonetic notation, now? Tea? Pronunciation of words. Judging from this phenomenon, tea? The establishment of word pronunciation should be earlier than? Tea? The establishment of Chinese characters.
China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and many nationalities, so its language and writing are also rich and colorful. The same thing has many names, and the same name has many ways of writing.
There are many names about tea in ancient historical materials. By the middle Tang Dynasty, the sound, shape and meaning of tea had tended to be unified. Later, due to the wide spread of Lu Yu's Tea Classic, tea? The glyph ""has been further established to this day.
In the ancient literature of China, there are long records about eating tea, and the names are different from place of origin. China's tea spread abroad as early as the Western Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu sent envoys to zhina Peninsula, he brought with him not only gold, brocade and silk, but also tea. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, China tea was exported to Turkey together with silk and porcelain. In Yongzhen Garden, Tang Shunzong, the most sincere Zen master in Japan returned to China and brought China's tea seeds back to Japan. Since then, tea has spread from China to all parts of the world, making many countries begin to grow tea and have the habit of drinking tea.
However, some people can find evidence that the habit of drinking tea was invented not only in China, but also in other parts of the world, such as India and Africa.
1823, a major of the British invading army discovered wild tea trees in India, so some people began to believe that tea originated in India, at least in India. Of course, there are records of wild tea trees in China, all of which are concentrated in the southwest, and some areas in Gansu and Hunan are also recorded. Tea tree is a very old dicotyledonous plant, which is closely related to people's lives.
In China, there are also arguments about the earliest origin of tea trees, and there are several opinions. Many people believe that in Yunnan, after careful study, a scholar asserted that Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province is the origin of tea trees. The earliest written records of artificially cultivated tea trees began with Mengshan tea in the Western Han Dynasty. This is recorded in Sichuan Tongzhi.
Spring and autumn theory
"Yanzi Spring and Autumn Period? What do you mean by "essays"? Yan Ziyong wears ten liters of cloth, eats millet, five eggs and moss. I thought drinking tea (that is, tea) began in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, Yan Zi Chun Qiu was not written by Qi Yanying, so it is difficult to be established. And Wan Weiting's "Collection of Records and Certificates of Learning Difficulties" series includes Yakumo:? (Huai Publishing House) This edition of Yan Zi Chun Qiu? Three Meanings and Five Hairs of Carex in Neipian Za, Textual Research on Magnolia Volume 867 cited as tea, what is contained in tea? Although it is tea, it is said that tea is not drinkable. Therefore, drinking tea is invisible in the classics. Is the world a poem? Who is bitter for tea? As proof of drinking tea, I wonder if this tea is bitter? Bitter tea? Tea cannot be crowned with pride. There seems to be no wind of drinking tea during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so "Zhou Li? "Tianguan?" "Home slaughter first" said that the pulp man provided Wang with six kinds of drinks, one is water, the other is pulp, the third is water, the fourth is cold, the fifth is medicine, and the sixth is unitary. I haven't seen tea yet
Tea drinking has been recorded since the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu drank seven liters of wine from his ministers, but only two liters, either reducing it or using tea as wine (The History of the Three Kingdoms? Takeshi? Wei Yaochuan), tea, I'm afraid it's already used to entertain guests. Why else would there be tea at the banquet? Jin Zhanghua tasted it? Drinking real tea can make people sleep less? (Zhang Hua's "Natural History") is also the wind of drinking tea in the Jin Dynasty, so tea has a long history. Song Peihan's "The Story of Tea" says: Tea originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and flourished today (Song Dynasty). ? Correct mistakes. "Galand in Luoyang" refers to the period when Liang Wudi and Tian Jian started drinking tea in the Southern Dynasties, which is particularly wrong. The so-called wind of drinking tea began in the Han and Wei Dynasties and prevailed in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Because it was not common in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, how can we say Han and Wei Dynasties? Here are two anecdotes from Miscellanies of Tea History:
When Xiao, the king of Qi, first entered Wei, he did not eat mutton crisp paste, but often ate fresh fish soup and longed for tea juice. When I saw Xiao drinking a bucket, my name was missed. Later, he and Gaozu ate mutton and cheese porridge, and Gaozu asked him. For Japan, sheep is the ancestor of land animals and fish is the leader of aquatic animals. They're all called babies. Only tea failed, and he became a slave to cheese. Gaozu laughed: Because tea is called the slave of cheese, one day King Peng dug it up and said to Xiao. Tomorrow, your mother will take care of me and prepare a cup of tea (that is, fish) and cheese slaves for you. ?
Huang Xianfan's "Exploration of Ancient Books Interpretation" points out:? After the Northern Dynasties, Wei Jing's people, seeing Xiao drinking tea, were surprised and missed. From the latter point of view, if Youyangte wants to prepare tea for Xiao Zhengde, it is rare and strange, and it is not a household item, which at least proves that this is not an ordinary thing. Otherwise, it is not something used by Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties. At this time, drinking tea may be confined to a certain place and is not popular among the people. So it can only be called the beginning of drinking tea. The popularity of drinking tea began in the Tang Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty began to like drinking tea. Dongpo's poem says:? Zhou Shi remembers bitter tea. Tea drinks come from this world. ? It is based on today's tea. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become commonplace for ordinary people to drink several bowls of wine every day. ?
When Zheng De surrendered, Yuan Yi wanted to make a name for himself. First, he asked how deep he was in the water. Zheng De doesn't know what he means. One day: Xiaguan was born in a water town. Since he became independent, he hasn't suffered from Yang Hou, and all the guests laughed.
Before, Wei Jing, a scholar of the Northern Dynasties, saw Xiao drinking tea, calling it strange and famous. From the latter point of view, if Youyangte wants to prepare tea for Xiao Zhengde, it is rare and strange, and it is not a household item, which at least proves that this is not an ordinary thing. Otherwise, it is not something used by Xianbei people in the Northern Dynasties. At this time, drinking tea may be confined to a certain place and is not popular among the people. So it can only be called the beginning of drinking tea. The popularity of drinking tea began in the Tang Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty began to like drinking tea. Dongpo's poem says:? Zhou Shi remembers bitter tea. Tea drinks come from this world. ? It is based on today's tea. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become commonplace for ordinary people to drink several bowls of wine every day.
Tea Poetry
Ode to Tea by Wang Xinjian
There are thousands of white clouds, and the copper pot is fried with firewood. Pottery pots are mellow, adding interest to poetry, and porcelain ou is green and melancholy. Lao Dan's way to cultivate ambition, lyna spoke very clearly, that is, to get rid of vulgarity. Without nirvana, how to keep the source fresh?
Cai Changzhi, tea blossoms
Black and white, red, green, blue and yellow cattails, tea pickers dance in the air. After the rain, the sun sets again, and the tea mountain bursts into pallor. Tea pickers are in a hurry in Qingming, and tea fragrance floats all over the mountain. Now it looks better to decorate this shopping mall.
Shennong said
Yu's tea classics:? Tea is used for drinking and originated from Shennong. ? In the history of China's cultural development,
It is often the origin of all things related to agriculture and plants, which ultimately belongs to Shennong. However, China's view that tea drinking originated from Shennong has different views due to folklore. Some people think that tea was discovered by Shennong when he was boiling water in a large pot outside the field. Boiled water is yellowish in color, sweet and refreshing. According to Shennong's past experience of tasting herbal medicine, it was found that it was a kind of medicine. This is the most common statement about the origin of tea drinking in China.
Another saying is attached to the pronunciation, saying that Shennong has a crystal belly, and it can be seen from the appearance that food crawls in the gastrointestinal tract. When he tasted tea, he found that tea flowed everywhere in his stomach. Tea came and went, washing his stomach clean, so Shennong called this plant? Check? And then become? Tea? Word, and become the origin of tea.
Cultural innovation
In 2002, Ji Hansheng, a famous contemporary folk inventor, lived in Dingshu Town, Yixing for 14 months in order to deeply understand the famous pot-making art since the Ming Dynasty, and decided to use Yixing purple sand, which was deeply loved by compatriots on both sides of the strait, to create a special work that reflected the history of the Chinese nation and broke through the traditional pot-making art in Yixing. He devoted nearly ten years of energy and finally created? Loong pot? , enriching the connotation of world tea culture.
? Loong pot? The interior adopts a patented structure that can brew two kinds of tea at the same time, symbolizing? One country, two systems? . The whole teapot is communicated to people? World peace and the reunification of the motherland? 、? One country, two systems, social harmony? The concept of "Hu Yi" is a masterpiece in the history of pot art since the Ming Dynasty. ? Loong pot? Its appearance not only refreshes the history of world tea culture, but also has great historical significance for promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland and the peaceful development of the world. It has been designated as a gift for national and regional leaders by the Organizing Committee of Overseas Chinese Activities for the Peaceful Reunification of China and the European Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China? A symbol of peace? , and Wang Guangying's inscription? Heart is China? Lien chan Carry forward the quintessence of Chinese culture? Chen Dazhang topic? Loong pot, an artistic treasure? , Bao Zhiqiang topic? Purple sand dragon pot, a masterpiece of art? . This national treasure teapot has been presented to many heads of state and regional leaders, also known as? Modern national treasure? .
Historical characteristics of tea culture
Tea culture has a long history of formation and development. Tea has always been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the late primitive commune, tea became a commodity exchange. During the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea was recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period.
In the Han dynasty, tea became Buddhism? Meditate? Children's special tonic. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of drinking tea. During the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang dynasty, the tea industry flourished and tea became? People can't live without tea for a day? Teahouses, tea parties and tea parties seem to encourage guests to offer tea. Fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular in Song Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, Quyi entered the teahouse and the foreign trade of tea developed. Tea culture was born with the emergence of commodity economy and the formation of urban culture. The tea culture in history pays attention to cultural ideology, elegance, poetry, painting and calligraphy, drinking tea, singing and dancing. In the formation and development of tea culture, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism were integrated into it, which evolved into the customs and habits of all ethnic groups and became an integral part of excellent traditional culture and a unique cultural model.
The Times
The development of material civilization and spiritual civilization has injected new connotation and vitality into tea culture. In this new period, the connotation and expression of tea culture are constantly expanding, extending, innovating and developing. In the new era, tea culture has merged into the essence of modern science and technology, modern news media and market economy, which makes the value function of tea culture more remarkable and further strengthens its role in modern society. The consciousness that the value of tea is the core of tea culture has been further established, and international exchanges have become increasingly frequent. In the new period, the form of tea culture communication presents the trend of scale, modernization, socialization and internationalization. Its connotation is expanding rapidly and its influence is expanding day by day, attracting worldwide attention.
nationality
All ethnic groups love to drink tea. The combination of tea and national cultural life has formed tea ceremony, tea ceremony, tea drinking custom and festive wedding with their own national characteristics. Tea art of all ethnic groups is formed by artistic processing and tempering on the basis of national tea drinking methods, which is more lively and cultural, showing the diversity and colorful life interest of tea drinking. Tibetan, Tujia, Wa, Lahu, Naxi, Kazak, Xibe, Bao 'an, Achang, Bulang, De 'ang, Jino, Salar, Bai, Pumi, Yugur and other teas and festive weddings also fully demonstrated the nationality of tea culture.
dialect
Famous teas, famous mountains, famous waters, celebrities and places of interest have given birth to local tea culture with their own characteristics. China has a vast territory, a wide variety of teas, different tea drinking customs, and differences in history, culture and life economy, which have formed a tea culture with local characteristics. In the big cities with economic and cultural centers, with its unique advantages and rich connotations, it has also formed a unique urban tea culture. Since 1994, Shanghai has held four consecutive international tea culture festivals, showing the characteristics and charm of urban tea culture.
internationalism
The ancient traditional tea culture in China has evolved from the development of history, culture, economy and humanities in various countries.
It is divided into English tea culture, Japanese tea culture, Korean tea culture, Russian tea culture and Moroccan tea culture. In Britain, drinking tea has become a part of life, a kind of etiquette for the British to show their gentlemanly manners, an indispensable procedure in the life of the Queen of England, and a necessary ceremony in major social activities. Japanese tea ceremony originated in Japan, but was influenced by China. Japanese tea ceremony has a strong Japanese national flavor, forming a unique tea ceremony system, genre and etiquette. Koreans believe that tea culture is the root of Korean national culture, and May 24th every year is the National Tea Day. Tea people don't care about national boundaries, races or beliefs. Tea culture can unite tea people all over the world to discuss tea art, academic exchanges and economic and trade negotiations. This is the purpose of Beijing International Tea City.
Functions of Tea Culture The social functions of tea culture are mainly manifested in carrying forward cha de, spreading tea ceremony, culture and art, cultivating self-cultivation, cultivating sentiment, promoting national unity, demonstrating social progress and developing economy and trade. The virtue of tea is the inherent beauty of tea, which is accumulated for thousands of years and respected by generations.
The traditions of tea culture mainly include loving the motherland, selfless dedication, perseverance, modesty and courtesy, thrift, mutual respect and mutual accommodation. Mr. Wu Juenong and Mr. Liu Xianhe from Hunan are both devoted to the tea industry. They are both patriots and outstanding representatives of contemporary tea people.
Lu Yu's Tea Classic is the crystallization of ancient tea people's diligent study, assiduous study, painstaking exploration and indomitable spirit. Treat guests with tea, and replace wine with tea. A cup of green tea is intoxicating? It is a true reflection that the Chinese nation cherishes the fruits of labor and is diligent and thrifty. What is the social function of arranging tea culture with tea characters as the head? Take tea as the source, treat guests with tea, make friends with tea, be honest with people, educate people with tea, replace wine with tea, exercise with tea, enter poetry with tea, paint with tea, dance with tea, sing songs with tea, promote culture with tea, make tea a gift, promote agriculture with tea, promote trade with tea and get rich with tea. Tea is the pride of China, the self-esteem, self-confidence and pride of the nation. You can think of the source when you drink tea. Dr Joseph Needham, a world-famous historian of science and technology, regards China tea as the fifth greatest contribution to mankind after the four great inventions of China (gunpowder, papermaking, compass and printing).
Lu Yu's Tea Classic in Tang Dynasty was the first tea book in the world. China tea culture has a great influence on the world. Taking tea as a friend is one of the most extensive social functions of tea culture. Today's market economy is characterized by fierce competition, survival of the fittest, and emphasis on interests and benefits. However, human feelings are relatively indifferent and interpersonal relationships tend to be indifferent. Through teahouses and teahouses, friends get together to exchange information, feelings, understanding and friendship. Friends gather in the old teahouse, talking and laughing at will, recalling life and enjoying life again. In ancient times? Cold night guests come to tea as wine? In a word, replacing wine with tea embodies the traditional virtues, which meets the requirements of today's central government to advocate strict economy and eliminate extravagance and waste. Educating people with tea is a new social function bred by tea culture in the new period. Shanghai children's tea art learns tea by itself, promotes traditional excellent culture and receives patriotic education. When offering tea, we expressed our respect for our elders, parents and classmates.
Tea culture is an elegant culture, and celebrities are willing to participate. Tea culture is also a popular culture, in which people participate extensively. Tea culture covers the whole people and affects the whole society.