Tai Ji Chuan inherited and developed all kinds of boxing methods popular among the people and the army in the Ming Dynasty, combined with the ancient techniques of Daoyin and Yena, and absorbed the Yin-Yang theory of classical materialism philosophy and the meridian theory of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, thus becoming a boxing method with both internal and external cultivation. Therefore, Tai Ji Chuan is basically a kind of boxing that comes from the masses and conforms to all strengths.
For thousands of years, China's fighting and attacking methods, such as kicking, hitting, wrestling, wrestling and grabbing, have been independently developed. Tai Ji Chuan's founder absorbed various martial arts methods into Tai Ji Chuan routine, and created a two-handed pushing technique (pushing hands was originally called exposing hands or hitting hands), which enabled him to practice various martial arts methods without protective equipment, and became a competitive technical sport to train his whole body touch and inner body agility. Therefore, in addition to practicing the unarmed combat methods of different parts (kicking, hitting, falling, falling and hugging), the new content of "pushing" appeared in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
After Tai Ji Chuan combined the introduction with breathing, he was able to develop muscles and joints in boxing practice, and he was able to coordinate his movements with breathing, thus enhancing the exercise of internal organs. Therefore, despite gradually increasing the amount of exercise and even explosive force, you can sweat without panting when practicing boxing, and you can also "keep your face unchanged" and "keep your face unchanged without panting" after you are proficient in gloves.
Tai Ji Chuan adopted the Yin-Yang theory of China's classical materialist philosophy, demanding that "quietness moves, quietness moves", "softness is rigidity, and friction swings", with the ultimate goal of opening and closing the virtual and the real, with light and heavy, slow and fast.
Tai Ji Chuan's movements are arc-shaped, spiral and turning, and consciousness finally guides the whole body's blood circulation; Internal strength originates from the abdomen, takes the spine as the axis, and transforms into kidney in the lumbar space. By rotating the waist and spine, the upward rotation is wrist to arm, and the downward rotation is ankle to leg, and the winding operation reaches "four tips" (hands and toes). The slight visceral self-massage exercise adopts the basic theory of "meridian theory" of traditional Chinese medicine and has the function of "communicating exterior and interior and running qi and blood"
When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, consciousness, movement and breathing are coordinated at the same time, and the integrity and internal and external unity of practice methods become the characteristics of Tai Ji Chuan.
When we say that Tai Ji Chuan is one of the precious cultural heritages of the nation, we mean that it is the synthesis and mastery of China's outstanding achievements in boxing, health preservation, breathing, meridian theory, classical materialism philosophy and so on.
Tracing back to the origin of Taiji Chuan, we can't help but start with Qi Jiguang (1528- 1587) who organized Ming workers and civilians.
China has a long history of martial arts. Due to the large population, in the Ming Dynasty, there were many kinds of boxing, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In order to train the foot soldiers' skills, every general Qi Jiguang learned 32 postures from 16 well-known folk boxing methods, and knitted gloves, which are called the 32 potentials in the Boxing Classic, as the "source of martial arts" for soldiers to practice swords, guns, swords, sticks and other weapons. He studied boxing as far as Song Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin, 927-976). Long fists and short strokes, combining rigidity with softness, not sticking to one pattern, eliminating weeds and preserving essence. The ways of attack and defense are kicking, hitting, hugging and throwing. Its boxing method is "overwhelming, winning when facing the enemy, and changing endlessly", which greatly corrects the disadvantages of popular "flowery" and flashy routines for people to watch, and has become a martial arts school that meets the needs of the times from the masses.
As far as the existing Wushu historical materials are concerned, Qi Jiguang is an outstanding figure in studying and sorting out folk Wushu. His purpose was to serve the politics at that time, to train foot soldiers to master the martial arts of "adversity and pragmatism", to become a strong force, to seize the enemy of Nanping and to defend the country of the north. His idea that martial arts should serve the military and military should serve politics is different from that of two other famous anti-Japanese soldiers. -1580) and Tang Shunzhi (1507- 1560) have the same ambition. Qi Jiguang not only learned the martial arts of "being practical in the cold" with an open mind, but also arranged various boxing methods, and also learned the stick method and the marksmanship. His spirit of forging ahead, not sticking to the ancient ways and making bold innovations has played a great role in inheriting, studying and sorting out Wushu routines for future generations.
According to the analysis and research of a large number of historical materials, it was Chen who studied and sorted out various boxing methods at that time in the late Ming Dynasty and created a new school in Tai Ji Chuan. Chen was born in a small bureaucratic family in Chenjiagou, wen county. According to Chen's genealogy, Chen is human. He also played in the imperial court, Chen Jiagou Chen IX; Grandpa Sigui, a historian in Didao County, Shaanxi Province, was promoted to Shandong Deputy Ambassador in the first year of Wanli. Yi Ding's Wang Qian brothers. Before the king, he was also called the king. He was born with a monument.
Chen's martial arts, "Chen Family Tree" publicly records: "As a famous military commander in Shandong, ... the founder of Chen Yihe's sword and gun."
Jia nian (1644) lived in seclusion before and after the collapse of the Ming dynasty, entertaining himself with fists and worshiping his grandchildren. In the first half of his legacy, he said, "Alas, in those days, I was persevering and persevering, and ... I stumbled several times!" Blessed in vain! I'm dying of old age now, and there's only one roll of Huang Ting left. Make a fist when you are bored, plow when your heart comes, and teach a few disciples and grandchildren in your spare time to make Jackie Chan a tiger. ..... "According to" Chen Quan Machinery Spectrum ",the gloves made by Chen are Tai Ji Chuan (13 potential) No.5, Changquan No.180 potential No.1 (potential name is not detailed), cannon hammer No.1 and so on. Qi Jiguang (Boxing Classics) has only thirty-two potential, which was absorbed by twenty-nine potential.
Chen is an outstanding figure in sorting out folk martial arts after Qi Jiguang. He has more contacts with martial artists, which is conducive to getting to know the generals and inheriting innovation.
Qi Jiguang was transferred to the north after successfully fighting the Japanese invaders in the south. In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1568), "Prime Minister Ji, Chang and Liao Bao trained and controlled four towns, all of which were governors" (see Chronicle of Qi Shaobao Deceiving Qi). It was not until 1583 that Guangdong Town was transferred. "History of Ming Dynasty" said: "After 16 years in the town, Guang Guang was preparing to repair and feasting on the thistle gate, and successors followed suit, which lasted for decades."
Chen was obviously influenced by the Qi family in the arrangement of martial arts routines. Qi's "Boxing Classic" is a collection of 16 kinds of boxing techniques from ancient times to modern times. It is the "source of martial arts" for soldiers to practice. Chen got as many as twenty-nine kinds of potential, and thirty-two kinds of potential were compiled into Tai Ji Chuan routine (note 1) and boxing classics, which began with "being lazy in tying clothes" (note 2). Chen's glove seven paths also started with "being lazy in tying clothes", and made a fist score (that is, another name for fist style) and a general song of fist classics, and also extracted words from Qi's fist classics. Therefore, it can be said that Tai Ji Chuan's fabrication is based on the thirty-two potential of boxing classics. As for absorbing some from other kinds of boxing, although there is no textual research, it can be inferred from the potential names of seven sets of boxing that there are many kinds of boxing. The methods of pushing hands with both hands and sticking guns with both hands are not recorded in martial arts works such as Yu, Qi Jiguang, Cheng Zhongdou, He and Mao. There is no such training method in the existing boxing. This is Chen's original competitive method, which solves the problem of practicing unarmed combat skills and improving shooting skills without protective gear. This is also a creative achievement in the history of China Wushu.
Chen's first two sentences in The General Song of Boxing Classics: "I don't know how to bend and stretch, but it depends on winding" ("leaning" means that two people lean against each other with their arms, using "squeezing and pressing" as the basic principle of technical training, and sticking it to lead it to white "), which roughly explains Wang Zongyue's" pushing hand "in179/kloc-0. The 16th Chen family of Chenjiagou (1849- 1929) expounded the boxing experience accumulated in the past dynasties, and in the 13th year, he wrote Illustrated Notes on Chen Tai Ji Chuan. In the illustration, he elaborated his reasoning method step by step, explained the boxing with Yi-ology, and combined with the meridian theory. Its boxing method is based on the principle of combining rigidity with softness, alternating speed, and mutual change of storage and development, which runs through the core function of silk winding strength and focuses on internal strength. These classic Tai Ji Chuan papers have become the guiding theory for practicing Tai Ji Chuan and pushing hands.
Throughout Chen Chuanshi's martial arts materials, he made the following creative achievements in the process of research and arrangement.
(1) Combine martial arts with "guidance" and "breathing"
China's long-standing health preserving methods-the "leading technique" of bending limbs and the "breathing technique" of advocating abdominal deep breathing were found in the works of Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mencius and Qu Yuan in the 4th century BC. The "Six Birds Play" edited by Huainan An in Han Dynasty and the "Five Birds Play" adapted by Hua Tuo, a great doctor at the end of Han Dynasty, are both fitness methods that combine breathing movements to imitate the movements of animals such as shaking, bending, looking and jumping, and are also later qigong methods.
Tai Ji Chuan combined the coordinated movements of hands, eyes, body and footwork with "guidance" and "breathing" in Wushu, making Tai Ji Chuan a complete internal boxing movement. When exercising, consciousness, breathing and movement should be closely combined to achieve the goal of "integration of inside and outside". This is indeed a valuable creation.
(2) Spiral winding movement, which is arc-shaped, coherent and round, and conforms to the principle of meridian theory.
Meridian refers to the channel filled with qi and blood of human body. It has the function of "communicating exterior and interior and activating qi and blood". The application of Tai Ji Chuan requires spiral telescopic rotation, advocates "guiding qi with intention and transporting the body with qi", and requires slight rotation around the waist to drive the limbs to move rhythmically; Require the whole body to relax, qi and blood flow smoothly, reach the toes, and so on. These are also based on meridian theory.
(3) Created a double-pushing competitive sport.
Pushing hands (Chen Jiagou's old name is "the beater") is a comprehensive practice technique in China Wushu. Since ancient times, there have been five kinds of separation techniques: kicking, hitting, throwing and taking. Wrestling only focuses on heavy falls, not heavy blows, and has been developing independently for thousands of years. Although the other four exercises are also comprehensive, they still have their own characteristics. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called the northern leg of southern boxing, which explained this difference. Qi Jiguang's famous contemporary players at that time, such as "Li Bantian's Leg", "Eagle Claw King's Robbery", "Thousand Falls" and "Zhang Bojing's Beating", all had their own skills. At the same time, because the four methods of kicking and falling are very harmful in actual operation, most of them just pretend or symbolize their sports, which opens the door for fancy tricks. However, due to the lack of practice, it is difficult to improve the level of martial arts, and people who eat in rivers and lakes often hide their fame and fortune. This is also one of the reasons why some boxing styles in ancient China "lost their true meaning" or were not studied after digital communication.
Tai Ji Chuan's pushing technique, focusing on winding and sticking, practiced the sensitivity of skin touch and inner body feeling, and integrated competitive skills such as grasping, holding, throwing and so on, which was further developed. For example, the grip method is not limited to holding people's joints, but focuses on the strength of holding people, which is higher than the general grip method. Chen's pushing technique is very aggressive from the beginning, just like wrestling, so it is of great value to develop physical strength, endurance, speed, agility and skills. At the same time, because the kicking method is harmful, only the pin method in the falling method is used in the pusher.
The appearance of pushing technique has solved the problems of venues, protective gear and special clothing in the process of Wushu practice, and has become a competitive sport where two people can practice hand in hand at any time and place, which has injected a new world content-pushing into China's martial arts fighting methods (kicking, hitting, throwing, taking and falling).
(4) Basic training methods of persistence and persistence, accumulation and transformation have been created.
According to the "listening" method of practicing skin touch and inner body sensitivity when pushing hands, the double-stick marksmanship was created. This is also one of Tai Ji Chuan's original achievements. This instrument training method solves the problem that you can practice real needles without protective gear. When practicing Taijiquan, the gun sticks to the ground, it twists and turns, and the disease is like a storm, and it is closed and thrown, which opens up a simple and easy way to improve the spear technique.
(5) Develop traditional boxing theory based on the meaning of Taiji.
Chen's General Song of Boxing Classics, with seven words and twenty-two sentences, is Tai Ji Chuan's original theory, which summarizes the boxing theory of ancient Wushu (kicking, hitting, taking and throwing). Expound the aggravation and tactics of attack and defense, so it can be called the general theory of Tai Ji Chuan's seven gloves. Compare the General Song of Boxing Classics with Qi Jiguang's Thirty-two Potentials of Boxing Classics (for example, the General Song of Boxing Classics says, "Who knows when to be surprised and clever, who will cheat and cheat, who will lose", "It's even more strange to cut it", "It's not too late to attack and retreat", while the General Song of Boxing Classics says, "How can I be?" But Chen was not satisfied with absorbing the famous boxing theory at that time, but carried out a series of creative development on the basis of mastery.
Chen's original achievement in the theory of boxing is reflected in the first two sentences of the General Song of Boxing Classics: "I don't know how to bend and stretch, but it depends on winding." "Lean" refers to the eight methods of pushing hands, that is, two people rely on each other's arms and stick together with the eight methods of pushing hands to practice the skills of understanding and exerting strength. Through strict and correct practice and repeated practice, we will constantly improve our technical level and reach the advanced technical level of pushing hands. The old biography "Song of the Hitman" has four lines: "Be careful when stroking and squeezing, and it is difficult for people to follow up and down; Let him fight with great strength, and a thousand pounds will affect four or two. " This is the annotation of the first two sentences of the "Song of Boxing Classics". This method of pushing hands and the theory of understanding power are developed on the basis of inheriting traditional Wushu. It is of epoch-making significance in the history of China Wushu to improve the appearance of Wushu to the advanced skills of "changing strength from the inside", "sneaking internal qi", "gradually realizing strength from familiarity, and reaching the spirit from understanding strength". At the same time, it also laid a foundation for Wang Zongyue, Wu Yuxiang, Li Yishe, Chen Xin and other famous Tai Ji Chuan artists to exercise and further develop the theory of attack and defense.
Because Tai Ji Chuan's exercise principle is to relax the whole body without exertion, to change from looseness to softness, from softness to hardness, and just return to softness to achieve both rigidity and softness; Glove practice requires slow first, then fast, then fast and then slow, soft and firm, so slow that others can't keep up with me, and soon they will arrive first. In other words, Tai Ji Chuan needs to be slow and fast, flexible and rigid. This view of paying equal attention to appearance and concealment also provides a valuable new practice method for improving the technical level of Wushu.
Nowadays, Tai Ji Chuan has become a kind of popular boxing in China, which has made certain contributions to improving people's health, and has gradually attracted the attention of international sports and medical circles. Tracing back to the source, Chen made a certain contribution to the development and creation of Tai Ji Chuan.
However, because Tai Ji Chuan grew up and developed in feudal society in the early stage, it is inevitable that it will be covered with a layer of feudal dust. In feudal society, some things that came from the people and were welcomed by the masses were painted with a mysterious color by their own literati and imperial literati during the ruling stage, and deified under the guise of "immortal", "Buddha" and "sage" to anesthetize the people's will and consolidate feudal rule. Therefore, in the history of Tai Ji Chuan's founders, there are various far-fetched hypotheses and many discussions. For example, some people say that Tai Ji Chuan was founded in Zhang Sanfeng at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty (Note 3), others say that Xu Xuanping, who was founded in Tang Dynasty (Note 4), some people think that Chen Tai Ji Chuan won, while Wang Zongyue won (Note 5), others think that Tai Ji Chuan is a family boxing (Note 6), and so on. However, after a series of historical research and field materials research, it is preliminarily confirmed that Tai Ji Chuan was founded in Chen.
As it happens, I am a student of Bai Shuping.
She is a descendant of young Tai Ji Chuan,
Student adults don't say.
1, solemnly
2. Song Ming
3. Week
4. Ma Yizhou
5. Yang Jiahao
6. Liu Dongyang