Temperature: The sowing date of maize is affected by temperature and humidity, and the optimum temperature for seed germination is 25 ~ 30℃. The daily average jointing period is above 65438 08℃. The average daily temperature from heading to flowering is 26 ~ 27℃. The best sowing date of spring sowing corn is 7.6cm, and the upper layer is 65438 05℃. The summer sowing corn in North China should be sown in time after wheat or peas are harvested. Sowing depth is 2.5- 10 cm according to soil moisture, and 5-6cm is the most suitable.
Soil: Corn can grow on sandy soil, loam and clay. The suitable soil pH value of maize is 5 ~ 8, and the optimum pH value is 6.5 ~ 7.0. Salt and alkali tolerance is poor, especially chloride ion is harmful to corn. Corn has developed root system and strong adaptability, and the requirements for soil types are not strict. However, corn plants are tall and have many roots, so it needs to absorb a lot of water and nutrients from the soil. Therefore, it is generally necessary to choose plots with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose texture, good permeability, medium fertility and good water and fertilizer conservation in order to obtain higher yield.
Reasonable spacing: 3-4 kg per mu, 4,000-6,000 plants per mu. Planting method of forage corn. Unicast, convenient mechanized operation from planting to harvesting. Intercropping with soybean, soybean, pea and vetch can increase the yield of protein per unit area.
Seeds: The corn seeds we grow are all hybrid seeds. In layman's terms, we plant it once a year. We mainly use its heterosis to improve the yield and quality, disease resistance and stress resistance of corn. We don't choose to plant every other year, mainly because of low germination.
Nutrition: The main function of base fertilizer is to improve soil fertility, improve soil physical properties, loosen soil, facilitate microbial activities, replenish nutrients in time at seedling stage, promote root development, and create good environmental conditions for cultivating strong seedlings.
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Maize plants are tall, with high yield of seeds and stems and leaves, which need careful management. Fertilization, irrigation, chemical weeding and pest control are the key technical measures for high-yield cultivation and management of maize. In order to obtain high-yield and high-quality corn, 2000-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer per mu before sowing. When sowing, 4-5 kg of sulfuric acid, 0/5-20 kg of calcium superphosphate/kloc/mu and 2-3 kg of chlorinated trees are used as seed fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied at jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and flowering and filling stage. The nitrogen application rate in the whole growth period is 10-20kg/ mu. N: p: k is 1: 0.5-0.8: 0.8. Corn likes semi-arid climate, but it is very sensitive to water. The water consumption of maize plants is about 2 kg per day at flowering stage, 3-4 cubic meters per mu per day, and the whole growth period is 250-350 cubic meters. Different corn needs different moisture. The period from 10 day before heading to 10 day after heading is the biggest and most sensitive period of maize's life, which is called "critical period of water demand". Irrigation should be carried out during this period. Generally, corn should be watered 3-4 times in its life, depending on different regions and specific conditions. At present, most irrigation methods in China are furrow irrigation and border irrigation. Recently, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation have been developed, which not only saves water, but also irrigates evenly. Corn is not tolerant to waterlogging. In areas with high groundwater level and heavy rainfall in the south, attention should be paid to drainage or ridge farming and field combination to prevent waterlogging.