Football is a sport in which the foot dominates the ball, and the two teams face each other and compete fiercely. Therefore, having good strength is the basis of fierce confrontation. No matter long-distance passing, shooting, jumping, reasonable collision, emergency stop, getting up and changing direction, throwing foul balls, etc., you must have the necessary strength. Therefore, in training, without good strength and quality as the basis, it is impossible to accurately master technical movements and increase confrontation ability, and it is also difficult to play its technical and tactical level. However, in the actual training and competition, we found that it is not enough to pay attention to the strength training of athletes in this kind of cooperative sports training. In the actual competition, athletes' good physical quality and excellent skills are the basis for winning the competition, but many factors such as cooperation among players, changes in skills and tactics, individual psychological quality and adaptability of players have become necessary and important factors in actual combat. The environment during the game is different from the usual training. How to improve the adaptability of players and the whole team in the actual game in the usual training has become a topic worthy of study and preferential treatment in football training.
Through my actual teaching and related competition experience, I put forward my own views and opinions on several aspects of training.
1, match time is the dominant basis for dividing football training.
The purpose of training is to give full play to the players' good state and achieve satisfactory results in the competition. Therefore, the overall arrangement of training should have more competition time, and the training should be divided into several stages, so that the purpose of training can be more clear, so that not only the training is targeted, but also the enthusiasm and clarity of the players in training can be improved. The three basic principles of the cycle theory are: first, the regularity of the development of competitive state is the natural basis of the training stage; Second, the competition schedule is the external condition of the training stage; Third, the theory of "excessive recovery" is the biological basis of periodic training load arrangement [1]. According to the basic principle of cycle theory and the characteristics of football matches, it is not difficult to find that the schedule of football matches is similar every year and every season, and the contestants can't change it. Only the organizers may make some adjustments according to actual needs. So events and time are basically fixed. What contestants can do is to make the development cycle of competitive state and the cycle of excessive recovery adapt to the competition schedule or better adapt to the competition schedule than their opponents. The so-called cycle refers to the fluctuation and recovery of things at regular intervals. Periodicity can be inherent in things or produced by human activities. Once periodicity is produced, it is the law that human activities must abide by. But some external characteristics of the cycle can be mastered and utilized. For example, the off-season preparation period of football is 10 week, which is divided into four weeks of general preparation, four weeks of special preparation and two weeks of preparation before the game. The interval of football is only 4 weeks, which is divided into recovery week, aerobic week, mixed oxygen week and speed week. The rhythm arrangement of the training content in the two preparation periods is the same, but the cycle length is completely different; During the season, the state of competitive ability reflects the amplitude of this cycle and should be diversified. You don't have to pursue the "peak" all the time, just "yes or no" [2].
2. Tactics and coordination training are the key points of football training and competition.
Football match has its inherent characteristics, which is different from previous competitive sports. With the development of society, football matches are no longer won by players' personal qualities as in the past. Skills and tactics are changeable, and the cooperation and tacit understanding between players on the field is also the key to winning the game. In normal competitions, we often find an excellent player who has just transferred. Because I am not familiar with my team's tactics and cooperation, my personal ability cannot be brought into play and realized. Therefore, in the usual training, we should put the tactical research and cooperation between the players into the training, and constantly improve and run in the combat capability of the whole team.
Football tactics refers to the organizational methods and forms of reasonable and effective individual actions and collective cooperation taken by both offensive and defensive sides in order to win their opponents. Football game is composed of two contradictions, attack and defense, and the whole football game process is composed of the constant transformation of attack and defense. So football tactics can be divided into attack system and defense system. Attack and defense include individual tactics and collective tactics respectively. Offensive and defensive tactics are often shown directly through the formation of the game. Commonly used game formations are: 4-3-3, 4-4-2, 3-5-2, 4-5- 1, 5-3-2, 5-4- 1 and so on. In the usual training, the coach should work out a suitable style of play according to the characteristics of the team. However, in football matches, players are often injured, sent off or restricted by many factors such as weather. In these cases, the coach must adjust the tactical style to win the game. Therefore, in the usual training, we should formulate one or two tactics, selectively train other tactics, simulate the relevant environment during the competition, and achieve targeted practice. Therefore, when preparing for a game, the coach always designs several sets of tactics, and different tactics have different uses to deal with different situations. Before the game, it is necessary to arrange the possible problems in a targeted manner, so that all the players can know fairly well.
Of course, even the best tactics need tacit cooperation between players, so it is a prerequisite to cultivate tacit understanding between players in football training. In football training, different players can form an inherent tacit understanding through daily warm-up training or some small exercises, through group practice or paired contact. In addition, a good atmosphere can be created among the players through some recovery exercises or small games after training, which will lay a good foundation for future tactical practice.
3. Strength, speed and psychological training are the basis of football training and competition.
3. 1 Strength training is the basis of football training.
The importance of strength training in many events is undeniable, and it is an indispensable foundation for athletes in various trainings and competitions. Because of the characteristics of football, there are high requirements for speed, agility, flexibility, strength and endurance. Strength quality is the basis of speed, speed endurance, agility and jumping ability. All human movements are produced by resistance, which comes from the tension-strength produced by skeletal muscle contraction. Strength quality is the basis of all qualities, and it is also the basis for athletes to master sports skills and improve their performance. In the football match, athletes are required not only to have fast starting speed and action speed, but also to have the strength when hitting the ball. Explosive power is the material basis of speed and striking power, and it is the comprehensive embodiment of speed and power. It is related to the athlete's strength quality and the speed of body movement that shows this part of strength, and it is the ability of athletes to exert their greatest strength in the shortest time.
Therefore, while carrying out strength training, we should pay attention to the different physical conditions and adaptability training of each player, and the unique overload principle, pertinence and pertinence principle and gradual principle of strength training, so as to lay a good foundation for future competitions.
3.2 Speed training is the core of football training.
In football match, the speed of attack and defense conversion is faster, the rhythm is more obvious, the siege and confrontation are more intense, and the time to complete technical actions is shortened. Every athlete should not only have good speed and physical fitness, but also have the ability to complete skills and tactics in a fast, confrontational and complicated situation, which will inevitably put forward higher requirements for each athlete's special physical fitness. Speed quality plays a particularly important role in the physical quality of football players. To a great extent, good speed is an important factor to gain the advantage of time and space in the competition, which often reflects the threat of individual or team attack and the reliability of defense, so speed is becoming the decisive factor for the effectiveness of offensive and defensive tactics.
As far as individuals are concerned, football is an organic combination of speed and strength. According to the inherent characteristics of football match, the following characteristics should be paid attention to in speed training in daily training: 1. Speed training, which means people's quick response ability to various signal stimuli (such as sound, light, touch, etc.). ). The reaction speed of football players is mainly reflected in the process that players accept the stimulation from peers, opponents, venues and competitions through vision and hearing, and make the best choice quickly through instantaneous and complicated thinking judgment. Therefore, cultivating high attention and good tactical foundation in training is the key to improve the players' reaction speed during the game. Secondly, the cultivation of moving speed is very important for players to grab positions and control the ball in the game; The final moving speed is the embodiment of the player's good physical quality, including moving speed with the ball and moving speed without the ball. Holding the ball includes passing, dribbling, passing and shooting. This needs to be based on a good sense of the ball. Non-ball actions include blocking, breaking the ball with the foot and tackling. [4] From this, we can easily find that the cultivation of action speed is the key to improve the ball skills and control the situation on the field during the game.
3.3 Psychological training is the key to football match and training.
Psychological endurance and adaptability are the keys to a football match. According to the characteristics of football, it is different from individual events. The competition time is long and the venue is large. The individual psychological state of players directly affects the performance of the whole team. Only good psychological quality can make the whole team win in such a long-lasting game.
The long training time of sports events is easy to cause players to be lazy in training. Sports psychology research believes that the athletes' inert psychological state in training is closely related to their needs. Therefore, in training, it is necessary to cultivate players' good cognitive psychology and correct demand tendency in order to overcome and reduce the generation of inertia psychology; Secondly, we should strengthen the training of players' perception before the game. In the football match, there is bound to be the problem of adapting to the competition environment. Only by adapting can we compete and win. Due to inadaptability, the technical performance of athletes in the competition will inevitably be affected. The so-called perceptual adaptation training is to deliberately set various complex conditions similar to the formal competition (such as scale, location, opponents, venue, audience, climate, diet, etc.). ) so that athletes can train and compete under these conditions. In the face of the upcoming competition, especially the major competition, the psychological state of athletes often changes, which is different from the usual training.
The mental state is different. Therefore, how to arrange pre-competition perceptual adaptation training to make athletes adapt to the competition conditions psychologically is an important problem to be solved in pre-competition training. Finally, we should pay attention to training players' self-regulation ability in daily training to compare the excessive tension before the game with the emotional fluctuation during the game. For athletes, proper tension in the competition is conducive to their play in the competition, but if it is not properly controlled, it is easy to be overly nervous, which is not conducive to the normal play of athletes. How to use the excitement in the process of football match to restrain excessive tension has become a link that should be paid attention to in daily training. At the same time, the emotional fluctuation in the game often leads to the instability and even chaos of the whole team. Therefore, in the training process, coaches should correctly guide the purpose and methods of the competition, establish the correct ideological concept and emotional self-control ability of the players, so as to control and coordinate the situation of the team well in different competitions and give full play to the team's ability.
Whether a game can achieve good results depends on daily training. Only by doing targeted exercises for different games in training can the team play its best role in the game, and everyone's play can be completely integrated with the state of the whole team.
I hope you have finished reading it. What's the inspiration ~ hehe