The blood vessels of the human body are dominated by two kinds of nerves, one is called sympathetic nerve, which can promote vasodilation when excited; The other is called parasympathetic nerve, which can make blood vessels contract when excited and dilate when inhibited. Usually, these two nerves coordinate with each other to control the contraction and expansion of blood vessels. Alcohol can excite sympathetic nerve, inhibit parasympathetic nerve, and make blood vessels expand greatly than usual. Facial skin is thin and there are many capillaries, so people will turn red after drinking.
Why do some people blush and others turn pale when drinking?
Let's talk about the reason for blushing first. Many people think that it is caused by alcohol, but it is not. It's caused by acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde can dilate capillaries, and the dilation of facial capillaries is the cause of blushing. Therefore, people who blush after drinking alcohol show that they can quickly convert ethanol into acetaldehyde, indicating that they have efficient alcohol dehydrogenase in their bodies. But don't forget that there is another enzyme, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. People who blush after drinking only have the former enzyme but not the latter, so acetaldehyde accumulates rapidly in the body and cannot be metabolized, so their faces turn red for a long time. However, everyone has experience. 1-2 hours later, the red color will gradually disappear. This is because P450 in the liver slowly converts acetaldehyde into acetic acid, and then enters the TCA cycle and is metabolized.
What about people who drink too much? These people tend to get whiter and whiter, and at some point they suddenly fail and get drunk. That's because these people don't have high-activity alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and mainly rely on the slow oxidation of P450 in the liver (because P450 is a group of oxidases with low specificity). So, why does such a person give people the feeling that they can drink? At that time, because they diluted alcohol with body fluids, the older they were, the more they felt they could drink. In general, when the alcohol concentration exceeds 0. 1%, they will be in a coma. For most southerners, it is half a catty of white wine, while northerners can drink 8 liang to 1 catty of white wine because of their big size. But no matter who it is, if the face is getting whiter and whiter, it is best not to exceed half a catty, otherwise there may be acute alcoholism.
What if a person has both highly active alcohol dehydrogenase and highly active acetaldehyde dehydrogenase? He/she is the legendary wine basket. How to judge whether he/she is a wine basket? See if you are sweating like a pig. Because if these two enzymes have high activity, alcohol will quickly turn into acetic acid and enter TCA cycle to generate heat, so a lot of heat will cause sweating. You can only admit that you are unlucky when you meet such a person, even ten or eight normal people can't beat him. Fortunately, there are not many such people, about 65438+ one in ten thousand.
One thing to remind everyone is that people who blush after drinking are not easy to hurt their liver, while people with pale wine are particularly easy to hurt their liver. Red-faced people generally don't give up drinking, so they drink less and get sleepy after drinking. After sleeping for 15-30 minutes, they will be full of energy again. People with white faces often don't know their bottom line and drink too much in high excitement until they get drunk. The alcohol in their bodies accumulates without the treatment of highly active enzymes, which leads to liver damage. Alcoholic liver injury generally only occurs in these people. Red-faced people can drink even if they vomit several times in a row, while white-faced people need more time to rest, because the metabolism of alcohol takes a day or two.
By the way, according to relevant research, people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (descendants of the ancient State of Wu and the State of Yue) seem to be the origin of the blush gene, which means that most of these people carry highly active alcohol dehydrogenase. Most northerners are white faces. So if you were born in the north and your face is red, what does it mean? The answer is obvious, because the red face gene is a dominant gene. Many people turn red after drinking, which is the result of alcohol acting on the central nervous system.
After drinking, the stomach will absorb some alcohol, and the liver can also metabolize and filter some. Excessive drinking exceeds the digestive capacity of the stomach and the metabolic capacity of the liver. Residual alcohol flows into the brain with blood, and the normal function of brain cells has changed, thus promoting the expansion of facial subcutaneous blood vessels, increasing blood volume and turning red. If you continue to drink when you are blushing, your heart will speed up, your blood vessels will expand and your blood pressure will drop. In order to ensure the blood supply to the main organs in your body, you must shrink the capillaries and raise your blood pressure. Therefore, the blood flow around the face is blocked, the blood volume is reduced, and the face is blue.
For people who drink a lot, blood vessels are constantly expanding and contracting. With the passage of time, blood vessels will become very fragile, and facial capillaries may rupture, resulting in little red dot on the skin. For example, rosacea is a chronic skin disease caused by long-term expansion of local blood vessels, which has a lot to do with alcoholism.
Residual alcohol in blood will lead to changes in brain function and also affect human muscle activity. So drunken people walk unsteadily and speak vaguely.
If you drink with empty clothes, alcohol will have a greater impact on the human body, because there is nothing in your stomach to dilute alcohol at this time, resulting in more alcohol flowing from your blood to your brain.
The effect of alcohol will also increase the secretion of adrenaline, make the central blood vessels contract and raise blood pressure. So alcoholism can also induce hypertension.
1, don't drink alcohol on an empty stomach, because alcohol on an empty stomach absorbs quickly and people get drunk easily; Moreover, drinking on an empty stomach is harmful to the gastrointestinal tract, and it is easy to cause gastric bleeding and gastric ulcer. The best preventive method is to use edible food, such as fat and hoof, or drink milk, and protect the stomach by using the indigestible characteristics of fat in food to prevent alcohol from permeating the stomach wall. Don't drink on an empty stomach, this is the main trick not to get drunk. Because it can prolong the absorption time of ethanol in the body.
2. Don't drink with carbonated drinks such as cola and soda. The ingredients in this kind of drinks can accelerate the absorption of alcohol by the human body.
As for drinking hot soup after drinking, especially fish soup stewed with shredded ginger, it has a special hangover effect.
Because alcohol is harmful to the liver, you should eat more green leafy vegetables when drinking, in which antioxidants and vitamins can protect the liver. You can also eat some soy products, of which lecithin has the function of protecting the liver.
There is no scientific basis for the popular saying of drinking strong tea to relieve alcoholism. Tea polyphenols in tea have a certain protective effect on the liver, but theophylline in strong tea can make blood vessels contract, raise blood pressure and aggravate headaches. Therefore, you can drink light tea after drunkenness, and it is best not to drink strong tea. If someone drinks too much involuntarily, they can eat some fruit or drink some juice afterwards, because the acidic components in fruit and juice can neutralize alcohol. Many people often don't eat after drinking, which is more harmful. They should eat some digestible food, such as a bowl of noodles.
6, should be slow rather than fast. Alcohol can enter the blood five minutes after drinking, and the alcohol concentration in the blood can reach the peak at 30- 120 minutes. If you drink fast, the concentration of ethanol in your blood will increase rapidly and you will get drunk soon. If you drink it slowly, your body can have enough time warp ethanol, and the amount of ethanol produced is less, so it is not easy to get drunk.
20 10-4- 18 02:04 reply
Thanks to Guo Jia first.
Soy sauce girl
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7. Combination of food and drink. When drinking, the best thing to eat is pork liver. This is not only because of its rich nutrition, but also because pig liver can improve the detoxification ability of human body to ethanol. People who drink regularly will lose vitamin B in their bodies, and pig liver is the most abundant food of vitamin B, so it is an ideal match to eat boiled pig liver or fried pig liver.
8. Fruit dessert. Eating dessert and fruit immediately after drinking can prevent getting drunk. As the saying goes, "If you eat sweet persimmons after drinking, the smell of wine will disappear", which is true. Sweet persimmon and other fruits contain a lot of fructose, which can oxidize ethanol and accelerate the decomposition and metabolism of ethanol. Dessert has a similar effect.
9. To prevent gastritis and dehydration after drinking, you can drink milk with sugar or honey, which can promote the decomposition of ethanol and protect the gastric mucosa. Because dehydration will cause salt loss, you can drink some light salt water or rehydration salt.
10, hangover countermeasures.
The so-called hangover refers to excessive drinking, which leads to headache and stomach upset the next morning. This is because after drinking a lot of alcohol, liver cells can't handle all the harmful substances acetaldehyde, which causes acute poisoning symptoms. When you have a hangover, the liver will accumulate fat, and the gastrointestinal tract is prone to alcoholic acute gastritis. The imbalance of autonomic nerve leads to the acceleration of heartbeat, and the imbalance of water and electrolyte in blood affects the whole body.
It is best to use "sleep rest" to solve this problem. Adequate rest can help you recover quickly.
Taking a hot bath after drinking can promote blood circulation, help metabolism and make alcohol excreted with sweat. However, patients with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases should be careful of stroke after drinking and taking a bath, and should take a short rest first.
Alcohol dehydrates cells in the body. Replenish a lot of water before going to bed and then after waking up, which will help alleviate the discomfort caused by dehydration.
Drink more fruit juice or honey lemon juice, which not only supplements water, but also contains fructose, which can accelerate alcohol metabolism and slow down nausea.
Eating a balanced dinner can supplement all kinds of lost essential nutrients; But the diet should be light, and don't eat fried or high-fat food.
1 1. Drink the first cup, and then drink the second cup after 30 minutes. If you want to drink the third cup, you must wait for an hour. But for the sake of your health, try not to reach for the fourth cup.
12, don't forget to add ice when drinking hard liquor.
13, when you are hungry, tired or taking a shower, you'd better not drink it for the time being.
14. Never drink alcohol after taking medicine, especially after taking sleeping pills, sedatives and cold medicines.
Friends drink alcohol and hurt their liver. People with good liver function drink too much. The people you see who drink well have abnormal liver function. My brother has some experience if it hurts his body without hurting his feelings. If you have kudzu root there, drink it quickly. Eat a little when you are drunk, and you can have a drink right away.
There are genetic factors in alcohol consumption, but drinking less can exercise. Eat more if you drink less, and don't drink too much at a time. Maybe you can take your time.
Drinking hurts the liver, and poisoning is even worse. Friends, as long as you are not afraid of death, drink more.
I want you to drink if you are not afraid of death, and take it if you vomit.
1, drink a glass of milk before drinking. 2. Eat two pieces of fat before drinking. Drink some salt from time to time.
When drinking white wine, ask for a cup of boiled water and drink water all the time, so it is not easy to get drunk. When drinking beer, it is no problem to go to the toilet often.
You can buy some pueraria lobata in Chinese medicine shops and drink it as tea when drinking, which can improve your capacity for drinking.
In fact, people's alcohol consumption depends largely on innate factors, and of course, the training the day after tomorrow also has a certain impact. Here's a tip: first, prepare some drugs or drinks for hangover, such as hangover soup and pueraria products, which are said to have a good effect. The second is to be clever on the wine table, needless to say, very clear. I believe you will. However, everything should not be excessive, and don't hurt your health just to be brave.
Drinking is not a good hobby! ! It is better to drink as little as possible. The main reasons for the large amount of alcohol are; Personal liver detoxification ability, exercise has a certain effect, but it is not the main reason. There are also genetic factors, which inherit the detoxification function of the liver. When you encounter entertainment that you can't push away, you'd better decline it politely! Or shirk physical discomfort, knowing that it is better to advise you to drink less. Drinking is addictive, and it is not a good habit to rely too much on drinking to drown your sorrows or increase your happiness. Long-term drinking can cause liver injury and fatty liver. Heavy drinking may also lead to sudden death (alcoholism).
Drink three or five cups first. If you feel sick, go to the bathroom at once and spit it out. This is very important, you must say it. When you come back, you pretend nothing happened, and then go on. Repeat it several times. Remember, you must eat some pasta at last! You are likely to be a good drinking partner in the future.