International trade export process, with the development of society and the arrival of economic globalization, many people want to participate in foreign trade now, but some newcomers may not know much about foreign trade export process. Let's know about the export process of international trade.

International trade export process 1 1. Introduction of international trade import and export related processes

(A) the export trade process

1. Preparation before export transaction

(1) Collection and arrangement of international business information;

(2) International market research;

(3) the implementation of export sources;

(4) Formulating business plans for export commodities;

(5) Establishing business relations;

(6) Selection of economic and trade negotiators and determination of negotiation contents;

(7) advertisements for export commodities;

(8) Trademark registration of export commodities and domain name registration of enterprises.

2. Transaction negotiation:

Including inquiry, offer, counter-offer and acceptance. Among them, offer and acceptance are two indispensable basic links and necessary legal steps to conclude a transaction and establish a contract. In the process of negotiation, only after one party's offer is accepted by the other party can the transaction be established and the buyer and seller form a contractual relationship. The next step is to sign a written contract.

3. General procedures for performing export contracts

(1) application for export license (examined and approved by foreign trade and economic cooperation agencies)

(2) Application for Certificate of Origin (approved by China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)

(3) Accept statutory inspection or entrusted appraisal, and obtain inspection report or appraisal certificate (provided by commodity inspection)

(four) supervision, examination and replacement.

(5) Making various documents (such as bills of exchange, invoices, etc.). )

(6) Handling the consignment formalities

(7) Insurance

(8) customs declaration; Pay customs duties

(9) shipment; Bill of lading exchange

(10) Making Docs

After the documents are ready to be submitted to the bank, the next steps are: reviewing and copying the documents → settlement of foreign exchange → tax refund → contract filing.

(2) Import trade process

1. Preparation before import transaction

(1) Market research at home and abroad; Including commodity price trends and supplier credit.

(2) Import cost accounting;

(3) An application for import license;

(4) importing foreign exchange;

(5) Entrust an agent to import.

(6) Select the commodities and objects to be traded.

2. Transaction negotiation

Inquiry and negotiation

Sign a foreign trade contract

3. General procedures for performing import contracts

(1) Opening and amendment of letters of credit

(2) Entrusted shipment

(3) Inspection before shipment

(4) Obtain the commodity inspection certificate

(5) Transportation and insurance

(6) Review documents and payment

(7) Import declaration and tax payment

(8) Inspection of imported commodities

(9) Offshore delivery

What are the characteristics of international trade?

(1) International trade in goods belongs to the scope of commodity exchange, which is not different from domestic trade in nature. However, as it is conducted between different countries or regions, it has the following characteristics compared with domestic trade:

1. International trade in goods involves possible differences and conflicts in policies, measures and legal systems of different countries or regions, as well as differences brought about by language, culture and social customs, and the issues involved are far more complicated than domestic trade.

2. In the international trade of goods, the transaction quantity and amount are generally large, the transportation distance is long, and the performance time is long, so the risks borne by both parties are far greater than those of domestic trade.

3. International trade in goods is easily influenced by the political and economic changes, bilateral relations and changes in the international situation in the countries where both parties to the transaction are located.

In addition to the two sides, international trade in goods also involves the cooperation and cooperation of transportation, insurance, banking, commodity inspection, customs and other departments, and the process is much more complicated than domestic trade.

Third, what is international trade?

International trade, also known as commerce, refers to the cross-border transaction of goods and services, which is generally composed of import trade and export trade, so it can also be called import and export trade. International trade is also called world trade. Import and export trade can adjust the utilization rate of domestic production factors, improve the international supply and demand relationship, adjust the economic structure and increase fiscal revenue.

International trade export process 2 export goods process mainly includes: quotation, ordering, payment method, stocking, packaging, customs clearance, shipment, transportation insurance, bill of lading and foreign exchange settlement.

I. Quotation

In international trade, the inquiry and quotation of products are generally the beginning of trade. Among them, the quotation of export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specification and model, whether the product has special packaging requirements, quantity of purchased products, delivery time requirements, product transportation mode, product material and so on.

Commonly used quotations are: FOB, CNF, CIF and other forms.

Second, the order (contract)

After the two parties to the transaction reach an agreement on the quotation, the buyer's enterprise formally places an order and negotiates with the seller's enterprise on some related matters. After both parties agree, they need to sign a purchase contract. In the process of signing the purchase contract, we mainly discuss the commodity name, specification, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, date of shipment, payment terms, settlement method, claim and arbitration, and write the agreement reached after negotiation into the purchase contract. This marks the official start of export business. Usually, the purchase contract is signed in duplicate, and it takes effect after both parties affix the official seal of our company, and each party holds one copy.

Three. terms of payment

There are three commonly used payment methods in the world, namely, letter of credit, remittance and collection payment.

1, letter of credit

Payment by letter of credit is a major payment method in international trade. It is a settlement method that the bank pays the buyer (importer) to the seller (exporter) on the condition that the documents are in conformity. Its biggest advantage is that bank credit is used as payment guarantee. Please note that the opening date of the letter of credit should be clear, definite and complete, the shipment period of export goods should be carried out within the validity period of the letter of credit, and the time limit for presentation of documents of the letter of credit must be no later than the validity period of the letter of credit.

Step 2 remit money

There are three ways to remit money:

(1) T/T refers to the remittance method in which the sender applies to the remittance bank and then pays a certain amount to the payee through the remittance bank by telex instruction. The remittance bank must check the password.

(2) Bill remittance is a way for the payee to pay the bill. It means that the remitter applies to the remitting bank, and then draws a bank draft at sight on behalf of the remitter, which is paid by its branch or agent. The remitter who gets the draft from the bank sends it to the payee himself or carries it with him for export.

(3) Remittance refers to a remittance method in which the remittance bank receives the payer's application, sends a remittance power of attorney to the remittance bank by international express delivery or registered airmail, and then instructs the remittance bank to remit a certain amount to the payee.

3. Collection payment

The commercial documents and property rights certificates issued by the export enterprise after the goods are shipped, and then the agent bank is entrusted to collect the payment from the import enterprise through the collecting bank where the import enterprise is located. This is collection payment. There are two main types, one is D/P, and the risk is relatively small. The second type is D/A. The risk is greater than D/P, because the importing enterprise must accept D/A before the bank will release the documents. If the import enterprise has good commercial credit and is willing to accept it, it will be easier to collect money. If the credit is bad, the risk will increase.

Fourth, stock up.

Stocking plays an important role in the whole trade process and must be carried out in accordance with the contract item by item. The main contents of inventory inspection are as follows:

1. The quality and specifications of the goods shall be verified according to the requirements of the contract.

2. Quantity of goods: guarantee to meet the requirements of the contract or letter of credit for quantity.

3. Preparation time: According to the provisions of the letter of credit, combined with the shipping date, it is convenient for the connection between the ship and the goods.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) packaging

You can choose the packing form (such as cartons, wooden cases, woven bags, etc.). ) according to the different commodities. Different packaging forms have different packaging requirements.

1. General standard for export packaging: packaging shall be carried out according to the general standard for trade export.

2. Special export packaging standards: export goods are packaged according to the special requirements of customers.

3. Packaging and marks (marks and numbers) of the goods: they should be carefully checked and verified to make them conform to the provisions of the letter of credit.

VI. Customs clearance procedures

Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and important. If you can't clear the customs smoothly, you can't complete the transaction.

1. Export commodities subject to statutory inspection shall be subject to export commodity inspection certificate.

At present, China's import and export commodity inspection mainly has four links:

(1) Acceptance of inspection: inspection application means that foreign trade applies to the commodity inspection authorities for inspection.

(2) Sampling: After accepting the application for inspection, the commodity inspection authorities will promptly send personnel to the place where the goods are stored for on-site inspection and appraisal.

(3) Inspection: After inspection, the commodity inspection authorities will carefully study the declared inspection items and determine the inspection contents. And carefully review the terms of quality, specifications and packaging in the contract (letter of credit), find out the inspection basis and determine the inspection standards and methods. (Inspection methods include sampling inspection and instrument analysis inspection; Physical examination; Sensory test; Microbiological examination, etc. )

(4) Issuance of certificates: In terms of export, all export commodities listed in the Category List will be issued with a release form after passing the inspection by the commodity inspection authorities (or a release stamp will be affixed to the "export goods declaration form" instead of the release form).

2. The professional holder of the customs declaration certificate shall go through the customs declaration formalities with the text of box list, invoice, declaration power of attorney, export settlement verification form, copy of export goods contract, export commodity inspection certificate, etc.

(1) Packing list is the packing details of export products provided by exporters.

(2) The invoice is the export product certificate provided by the exporter.

(3) The Power of Attorney for Customs Declaration is a certificate that a unit or individual without customs declaration ability entrusts a customs declaration agent to declare customs.

(4) The export verification form is applied by the exporting unit to the foreign exchange bureau, which refers to the certificate that the unit with export ability obtains the export tax refund.

(5) The commodity inspection certificate is obtained after passing the inspection by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency, and it is the general name of inspection certificates, appraisal certificates and other certificates of various import and export commodities. It is an effective certificate with legal basis for all parties concerned in foreign trade to fulfill their contractual obligations, handle claims disputes, negotiate arbitration and provide evidence in litigation. It is also a necessary proof of customs clearance, tariff collection and tariff reduction and exemption.

Seven. load and transport

In the process of loading the goods, the loading method can be determined according to the quantity of the goods, and the insurance can be insured according to the types of insurance stipulated in the purchase contract. Optional:

1. Full container (generally charging full container)

Type of container (also called container):

(1) According to specifications and dimensions: currently, drycontainer commonly used internationally include 20-foot containers, 40-foot containers and 40-foot containers.

(2) According to the box-making materials, there are aluminum alloy containers, steel plate containers, fiberboard containers and FRP containers.

(3) According to the use, there are dry goods containers, refrigerated containers, clothes rack containers, open-top containers, flat-frame containers and tank containers.

Step 2 assemble the container

When assembling containers, freight is generally calculated according to the volume and weight of exported goods.

Eight. transport insurance

Because it takes a long time to export abroad, and the risks in transit are unknown, in order to reduce unnecessary losses, it is necessary to apply for cargo transportation insurance, and the period of insurance coverage is counted from the end of unloading at the destination in China. Assuming that the goods are damaged or lost in transit, the insurance company can claim for compensation.

Usually, when signing the purchase contract, both parties have already agreed on transportation insurance in advance. Common insurances include marine cargo transportation insurance, land transportation insurance and air postal cargo transportation insurance.

Nine. bill of lading

The bill of lading is a document signed by the shipping company for the importer to pick up the goods and settle the foreign exchange after the exporter goes through the formalities of export declaration and customs clearance.

The signed bill of lading is issued according to the number of copies required by the letter of credit, usually three copies. The exporter keeps two copies for tax refund and other businesses, and one copy is sent to the importer for delivery and other procedures.

When the goods are shipped by sea: the importer must take the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice to pick up the goods. The exporter shall send the original bill of lading, packing list, invoice, contract and certificate of origin to the importer. Of course, there is also a discharge mode, so it is not necessary. But it should be noted here that if you choose to discharge, please make sure to collect the goods before doing so, otherwise there will be great risks.

If the goods are transported by air, the goods can be picked up directly by fax with the bill of lading, packing list and invoice, and the air bill of lading is not used as the certificate of cargo rights. So, if it's by air, remember to pay the full amount before delivery.

X. foreign exchange settlement

After the export goods are loaded, the import and export company shall correctly prepare documents (such as packing list, invoice, bill of lading, export certificate of origin, export settlement, etc.) in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. Submit to the bank for negotiation and settlement of foreign exchange within the validity period of presentation stipulated in the letter of credit.

In addition to the settlement of foreign exchange by letter of credit, other payment and remittance methods generally include telegraphic transfer, sight draft and letter transfer. Due to the rapid development of electronicization, remittance is now mainly through telegraphic transfer.

International trade export process 3 What is the business process of import and export trade?

1. quotation: the two parties to the transaction communicate to understand their respective needs and determine the specific requirements of the products, delivery methods, product prices and other details.

2. Sign the bill: After the two parties to the transaction reach an intention, they sign the purchase contract and the transaction officially begins. The purchase contract needs to determine the output.

3. Payment method: In international trade, there are three commonly used payment methods: letter of credit payment, TT payment and direct payment.

4. Stocking: The exporter prepares the goods according to the requirements, inspects the products, and applies for the import and export license required for import and export goods, which is a relatively complicated link.

5. Packing: The exporter shall pack according to the contract.

6. Customs clearance procedures: the exporter goes through customs clearance procedures for the goods according to the laws and regulations of the host country, and the products can only be shipped after customs clearance, and then the exporter is informed that the goods have been shipped, and at the same time, the issued transport documents are obtained from the transport unit, which is reviewed and paid by the buyer.

7. Foreign trade collection: the exporter prepares the documents and carries out export collection. At this time, the bank that opens the letter of credit bears the first payment responsibility. Simply put, no matter what the actual goods are, as long as the exporter can submit all the documents, meet the requirements of the letter of credit, and there is no discrepancy in the letter of credit, the bank will pay the exporter.

8. Payment of import duties: After the importer takes delivery from the shipping company with the bill of lading, he must declare to the customs and pay the import duties according to law;

9. Import inspection: the products are inspected and confirmed. If there are unqualified products, a claim is filed with the relevant responsible unit (possibly the shipping company, exporter or insurance unit) according to the claim terms, and the transaction is officially ended.