(B) Conditional knowledge classification
According to Shen, a scholar of Beijing Normal University, conditional knowledge refers to the knowledge of educational science and psychological science that teachers have mastered in order to ensure success in teaching. Mainly includes the following aspects of knowledge:
(1) Educational scientific knowledge, including basic knowledge of education, social productive forces, education, society, politics, economy, culture, etc., as well as the laws of physiological and psychological development of interacting people, the nature, goals and tasks of education, people's all-round development thoughts and educational concepts, the basic theory of moral education, curriculum theory and teaching content in the implementation process of educators and educatees. In addition, it also includes educational reform and dynamic knowledge at home and abroad, such as the current situation and development trend of education and teaching, the latest achievements of educational reform, especially the guidance of innovative classroom teaching and learning methods, historical development and changes, and the cultivation of learning ability. It also includes educational scientific research knowledge, such as scientific research, education, characteristics and types, selected research projects, plans, collection and analysis of selected methods, and expression of results.
(2) Psychological science knowledge, such as basic knowledge, cognition, emotion, will and personality, general psychological status, characteristics and laws of cognitive and moral development in the teaching process of primary and secondary schools, is often contemporary cognitive psychology, which is suitable for the presentation order of classroom teaching psychology textbooks, the psychological characteristics and knowledge structure of students, including the knowledge of student groups (the physical and mental development of students in all grades, the learning situation of students in all grades, cognitive common sense and way of thinking, etc.) to guide students how to learn.
These conditions, teachers' knowledge, are an important part and foundation of knowledge structure, and are the basis and premise of creatively engaging in education and teaching. Possessing knowledge helps teachers realize the complex phenomenon of teaching and constantly improve their work consciousness, which can help teachers think and adjust their own ontology knowledge, and make subject knowledge more freely and creatively transformed into teaching activities that are easy for students to understand and accept knowledge. Teachers with rich knowledge will greatly improve their innovative ability in education and teaching. [5]
Depressed, I was wrong. . . . . . . . . . .
Which professional can talk about the "type of knowledge understanding" in the postgraduate entrance examination of educational psychology?
Generally speaking, the understanding of knowledge mainly refers to a gradual and in-depth thinking activity in which students use their existing experience and knowledge to understand the various connections and relationships of things until they understand their essence and laws.
It is the central link in the process of students mastering knowledge. Knowledge should be learned through understanding.
Due to the different learning objects and their characteristics, the understanding of knowledge can be divided into: ① understanding of speech; ② Understand the meaning of things; ③ Understanding the commonness of things; ④ Understanding of causality; ⑤ Understanding of logical relations; ⑥ Understanding of the internal composition and organization of things. Understanding must be achieved through thinking.
1. Symbol representation understanding: understanding the meaning represented by symbols, understanding what a symbol or a group of symbols represents and what opinions it represents; 2. Conceptual understanding: mastering the key features of similar things; 3. Proposition understanding: understanding the compound meaning of sentences composed of several concepts.
Review points of educational psychology textbooks
Psychological Tree Diagram (Chapter 65438 +0-9) 1 2 3 4- Historical development survey, origin, development process, research trend, general laws of psychological development and educational psychological development, general laws of educational cognitive development and educational personality development of the research object ... Cognitive development theory and Piaget's cognitive development stage theory of education. Knowledge development theory, personality development theory and educational enlightenment of education Erickson's psychological and social development theory, Kohlberg's moral development stage theory, the educational significance of personality development theory, the difference between psychological development and educational intelligence and educational personality … cognitive style … gender … 3. Learning and its theoretical explanation: an overview of the basic meaning of learning: the classification system of learning, the discipline, the level, the nature and the classical conditional theory of result connection. ① Pavlov ② Main Law ③ Watson's contribution ④ Operational restrictive theory of educational application ① Thorndike ② Skinner ③ Main law ④ Observational learning theory of program teaching and behavior correction ① Early exploration ② Bandura ③ Basic process and conditions ④ Early cognitive theory of educational application learning ① Gestalt school ② tolman ③ Enlightenment Bruner's cognitive-discovery theory ① Cognitive learning view ② Structural teaching view ③ Discovery learning Ausubel's meaningful acceptance theory. ① The essence and conditions of meaningful learning ② Cognitive assimilation theory and advanced organizational strategy ③ Definition and evaluation of receptive learning ① Gagne's information processing learning theory ① Learning information processing mode ② Constructive theory, ideological origin and theoretical orientation of learning stage and instructional design, basic viewpoint of constructivism ① Knowledge view ② Learning view ③ Teaching view, cognitive constructivist learning theory and applied society …… IV Learning motivation, the essence and significance of learning motivation. The main theory of classification strengthens theoretical humanism … ① demand level ② free learning cognition … ① expectation-value ② attribution of success or failure ③ sense of self-efficacy; ④ Cultivation and stimulation of self-worth; 5. Knowledge construction and its basic mechanism and types; Understanding of knowledge; The process of knowledge understanding; Influencing factors of knowledge understanding; The change of wrong ideas; Changes in the nature of erroneous concepts; And its transformation. The factors that affect the change of concept are: the integration and application of strategic knowledge taught for the change of concept, the integration and deepening of application and migration, the formation and function of six skills and their characteristics and types, the formation and cultivation of mental skills, the formation process of prototype simulation, training methods, the formation and training of operational skills, the main types of formation process and training requirements. The nature and types of learning strategies and their teaching and learning strategies, conceptual structure recognition knowledge strategies and their teaching attention strategies, fine processing, retelling, coding and organization, metacognitive strategies and their teaching metacognitive strategies and their functions, metacognitive strategies, resource management strategies and their teaching time management strategies, efforts, academic assistance, problem-solving ability and creativity, basic theory, traditional intelligence theory, multiple intelligence, successful intelligence, the essence and process of problem solving and its problem solving. Influencing factors of basic process problem solving ① Relevant knowledge and experience ② Individual intelligence and motivation ③ Problem scenario and representation ④ Fixed mindset and function ⑤ Prototype inspiration and brewing effect The cultivation of problem solving ability ① Make full use of existing experience to form a knowledge structure system ② Analyze the composition of problems, grasp the law of problem solving ③ Carry out research study, give full play to students' initiative ④ Teach problem solving strategies and flexibly change problems (5) Allow students to make bold guesses. Encourage practice, verify creativity and its basic concepts, basic structure training measures, social norm learning and moral development, the essence of social norm learning, the significance of moral development, the process and conditions of social norm learning, the conformity and recognition of social norms, the formation and cultivation of moral cognition, the formation and cultivation of moral emotion, and the significance and types of moral behavior in correcting bad morality in success and cultivation; Correction and Education Welcome to the Master Education Network: dashikaoyan.
Educational psychology problems! ! The main types of operation skills are 1. According to the continuity of operation: (1
Hello! About the first classification, continuous motor skills and intermittent motor skills.
Well, for a simple example, racing, you have to change your control through road conditions to achieve the ultimate goal, which is continuous sports skills; Another example is gymnastics. On the square carpet, what you need is to improve your internal coordination as much as possible and make the movements more perfect. This is the second, unrelated motor skill. Regarding the second classification, closed operation skills and open operation skills.
Well, using the above example, when racing, most of your direction must be determined by the external road conditions. This is called open operation, which depends on the change of external conditions. Gymnastics, you spend most of your time coordinating inner stability, foot pain and waist feeling, which will affect your performance, and these are the characteristics of closed operation. The third category is better understood.
Hands-free operation, such as Tai Chi, such as various boxing methods, are all representatives of hands-free operation. Equipment types are all kinds of equipment movements in the gym, which need you to operate the equipment to complete.
The fourth category is the classification of muscle exercise intensity. Used to thread needles, this is mainly done by the movement of small muscle groups.
Moving bricks into the house requires the coordinated movement of large muscle groups to complete. I don't know if I made it clear, but I hope I can help you.
There are several kinds of psychology.
Macroscopically, psychology can be divided into two types, namely theoretical type and practical type. Theoretical psychology mainly refers to various theoretical knowledge of psychology, while practice is to use psychological theory to guide practical activities.
Generally speaking, according to the different research fields of psychology, it can be divided into seven categories: general psychology, physiological psychology and psychophysiology, educational psychology, medical psychology, social psychology, engineering psychology and developmental psychology. General psychology mainly studies some basic knowledge in psychology, such as perception, memory, thinking, imagination, emotion, ability and motivation.
Educational psychology mainly studies the regularity of teaching and learning between teachers and students in educational and teaching activities. Social psychology mainly studies some psychological phenomena in social groups, such as conformity, social relations and social emotions.
Developmental psychology mainly studies the development process or stages of a person's life, the laws, psychological characteristics and behavior of each stage. Medical psychology mainly combines psychological knowledge with medical knowledge and considers the importance of doctor-patient relationship in the treatment process.
Physiological psychology and psychophysiology mainly study the neurobiological mechanism of psychology and so on. As far as I know, engineering psychology should be the practical application of psychology in construction and other projects.
These are all well-known things, I hope I can help you.
Urgently ask for a review outline of educational psychology
Review outline of educational psychology
chapter one
Knowledge points: the research object, nature, independence and development of educational psychology.
chapter two
Knowledge points: categories of learning, representative figures of various learning theories, types of reinforcement, classification of learning and reinforcement in social learning theory, and Rogers' classification of learning.
Concepts: learning, program teaching, self-efficacy, vicarious reinforcement, discovery learning, meaningful learning, assimilation and adaptation, zone of proximal development, constructivism.
Question and answer: 1, the comparison between trial and error theory and epiphany theory; 2. The difference between classical conditioning and operating conditioning; 3. Social learning theory and its significance; 4. Discover the learning teaching mode and its significance; 5. Meaningful learning theory and its evaluation: 6. Vygotsky's teaching thought and its significance: 7. Piaget's cognitive development stage; 8. The significance of humanistic learning theory to modern education.
chapter three
Knowledge points: classification of knowledge, representation forms of declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge, three forms of memory, two forms of interference, forms of principle or rule learning, types of problem solving, and ways to master declarative knowledge in modern cognitive psychology; Methods of mastering procedural knowledge.
Concepts: a series of positional effects, questions, declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge of memory.
Question and answer: 1, the information processing process of learning; 2. How can teachers effectively help students master concepts? 3. Differences between expert problem solvers and novice problem solvers; 4. Teaching strategies of declarative knowledge; 5. Teaching strategies of procedural knowledge.
chapter four
Knowledge points: mckeachie's classification of learning strategies, the constituent elements of metacognition, and the training mode of learning strategies.
Concepts: learning strategy, metacognition, cognitive strategy, completion strategy, organizational strategy.
Question and answer: 1, the conditions of learning strategy teaching; 2. Teaching skills of learning strategies.
chapter five
Knowledge points: Two-factor theory of intelligence, Cartel's intelligence type, Robert Jeffrey Sternberg's ternary intelligence theory, Deiss's PASS theory, the domestic structure of intelligence, the relationship between creativity and intelligence, and brainstorming.
Concept: intelligence, creativity,
Question and answer: 1, the practical significance of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences; 2. Factors affecting intellectual development; 3. Factors affecting the development of creativity; 4. General skills of creativity training.
Chapter VII
Knowledge points: the types of migration, the essence and representative figures of migration theory.
Concept: transfer, learning stereotype
Q&A: 1, factors affecting learning transfer; 2. Methods to promote learning transfer in the teaching process.
Chapter 9
Knowledge points: the types of learning motivation, the basic viewpoints and representative figures about motivation in motivation theory.
Concept: learning motivation, yerkes-dodson law, achievement motivation.
Q&A: 1, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory; 2. Attribution theory of learning motivation; 3. The cultivation and stimulation of learning motivation.
Bankruptcy reorganization protection
Knowledge points: Bloom's classification of teaching objectives, Gagne's classification of teaching objectives, Mager's behavioral objectives and the types of teaching evaluation. Concepts: teaching design, teaching objectives, mastery learning, cooperative learning and teaching evaluation.