Xu Yinzong, a famous scholar, died in the second year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties (536) and in the ninth year of Tang Wude (626) at the age of 90. Xu Shi is a native of Yixing, Changzhou (now Yixing, Jiangsu). He works in the Southern Dynasties. At first, he joined the army as a foreign soldier in Wang Xincai and served as a magistrate in Yixing. After Chen's death, he became an official in the Sui Dynasty and still served the emperor with medicine. In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), he was awarded assistant minister of scattered riding.
Xu's medical skill is brilliant, he is good at pulse diagnosis and flexible in medication. In the 6th century AD, he treated Empress Chen with drug fumigation. At that time, the empress dowager was too ill to speak or take medicine. He put Huangqi Fangfeng decoction under the bed, which made the medicine smell like smoke, and it really worked. That night, the empress dowager could speak, so Yinzong was given the right of satrap.
Xu paid attention to pulse-taking, in order to explore the cause, and advocated that both diseases and drugs should be paid equal attention. It is not appropriate to throw miscellaneous drugs indiscriminately, but only use them blindly, hitting the root of the disease directly. Pulse diagnosis and medication in a lifetime are unique.
Second, Zhen Quan.
Zhen Quan was born in the seventh year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties (54 1) and died in Fugou, Xuzhou (now Fugou, Henan) in the seventeenth year of Tang Zhenguan (643). Because of his mother's illness, he and his brother Zhen Liyan studied medical skills together, specializing in prescriptions, so he became a famous doctor. Zhenquan has a profound knowledge of acupuncture and is also good at treating diseases with medicine. I have been practicing medicine all my life, and there are many people alive: I worked as a secretary in the early days of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (58 1), and later resigned due to illness. Zhen Quantong's "Cultivation Techniques" puts forward that expelling the old and absorbing the new can clear lung qi, which is an effective method to strengthen the body and prolong life. And advocate that diet doesn't have to be sweet. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, visited his home to investigate the medicinal properties and health preservation methods. See him in the morning and dress him with a longevity stick. At the end of that year.
Zhen Shi wrote many works in his life, including a volume of Tang Ming Characters. There are three volumes of acupuncture money, one volume of acupuncture prescription, one volume of pulse prescription, and four volumes of medicinal properties. These works have all been lost, and some of their contents can be found in works that have a certain influence on later generations, such as Prepare for Urgency, Prepare for a Thousand Daughters, Prepare for a Thousand Daughters, and Secrets of Foreign Taiwan Province.
Third, Sun Simiao.
Sun Simiao, known as Sun Zhenren in the world, was later known as the King of Medicine, a native of Tang Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yao County, Shaanxi Province) and a native of Sun Jiayuan. Born in the first year of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (58 1), he died in the first year of Shuichun (682) at the age of1kloc-0/(there are three kinds of opinions about Sun Simiao's birth year, one is recognized as being born in the first year of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (58 1), and the other is. It is also said that he was born in the 14th year of Dyeing Day (5 15).
Sun Shi was sickly when he was young. Since his youth, he has made up his mind to take medicine as his profession and study Huang Qi's art hard. As an adult, he lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain (now Shaanxi Province) and engaged in medical and alchemical activities. In 652, Yonghui wrote thirty volumes in case of emergency. In the fourth year of Xian Heng (673), he was appointed as the fifth minister of Shang Medicine Bureau, and in the first year of Shang Yuan (674), he said that he was ill. In the first year of Yongchun (682), he wrote 30 volumes of "Thousands of Wings". In the same year, Sun Simiao died, leaving a thin burial. Zi Minghang, a native of Tiantang (690 ~ 692), was once a rich assistant minister and Sun Mingpu, and was once a county official in Xiaoxian County (now Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province).
Sun Simiao experienced the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and was a knowledgeable and skilled doctor. His diagnosis and treatment is not limited to the ancient law, but also takes the advantages of many families. His medication is not restricted by herbal classics. According to clinical needs, the prescription is universal and unilateral. The prescription used is flexible and changeable, and the effect is remarkable. He attaches great importance to folk medical experience, and often makes every effort to travel thousands of miles to get one side and one law, and does not hesitate to spend a lot of money to seek the truth. He is not only good at internal medicine, but also good at surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, ENT, ophthalmology, and has research on taking health care, diet, acupuncture, prevention, alchemy and so on. At the same time, he has extensive knowledge of pharmacology and exquisite acupuncture techniques.
Sun Shi devoted his life to saving the world and life, and he had a high sense of responsibility and sympathy for patients. He put forward the principle of "great medical sincerity", requiring doctors to be skilled and sincere to patients. He believes that doctors should be serious and responsible in clinical practice and should not ask the rich and the poor. In the treatment, we should devote ourselves to saving, not flaunting our own abilities, and not coveting fame and fortune (see "Preamble to Preparing an Emergency Prescription and Treating Too Much Doctor Sincerely", People's Health Publishing House, 1955). This is also a portrayal of his practice. He has personally treated and cared for more than 600 leprosy patients, and his noble medical ethics is enough for a hundred years.
Sun Simiao has accumulated more than 80 years' medical experience, including "Prepare for a Urgent Need, a Thousand Daughters' Prescription" and "A Thousand Daughters' Prescription", which comprehensively summarized the medical experience and pharmacological knowledge from ancient times to the Tang Dynasty and enriched the medical contents in China. His medical thoughts and academic achievements are mainly reflected in: developing Zhang Zhongjing's theory of Treatise on Febrile Diseases and collecting the achievements of medical prescriptions before Tang Dynasty. Diagnostics has raised the understanding of diseases to a new level and created new medical technology in therapeutics. In pharmacology, we should pay attention to the cultivation, collection, processing and storage of authentic medicinal materials and drugs; In the aspect of maternal and child health care, the significance of setting up maternity and child specialist is emphasized, which creates conditions for setting up children and obstetrics specialist. Drawing colorful three-person hall diagrams in acupuncture and moxibustion, creating the main and right points, and advocating Ashi point and the same-body-inch method can promote the development of acupuncture and moxibustion, enrich the theory of health and longevity, stress hygiene and oppose serving stones.
In addition to the above, there are many works written by Shi Zhi, most of which have been lost. There are 18 kinds of prescriptions, such as Qianjin health care prescription and Qianjin marrow prescription. In addition, the existing ophthalmology monograph "A Brief Introduction to Hai Yin" was written by Sun Shi.
Sun Simiao has a lofty position in the medical history of China, and has been loved and supported by people of all ages. After his death, people built a temple and a monument for him. Today, there is a statue of Sun Shi in his hometown of Sunjiayuan and Sun Shrine, Yao County, Shaanxi Province. Wang Yaoshan, Yaoxian County has Wang Yao Temple, Baizhentai, Medicine Washing Pool, Taixuan Cave and other relics of Sun Shi activities.
Fourth, Cui
Cui Zhiti was born in Yanling, Xuzhou (now Yanling, Henan) and in the Sui Dynasty. In the 11th year of Daye (6 15), he was located in the first year of Tang dynasty (685) and died at the age of 70. Cui Shi was born into an official family, and served as Sima, Langzhong and Hubu in Luozhou (now Henan). In the first year of Diao Lu (679), he was appointed to the Ministry of Commerce.
Cui Shi is good at Qi Huang and likes to engage in medical activities after politics. He is good at acupuncture, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and has many innovative prescriptions. His most famous works, such as Prescription for Steaming Moxibustion on Sick Bones, are included in the Tips of Outer Taiwan as a Picture of Steaming Moxibustion on Bones, that is, the moxibustion method passed down from generation to generation by Prime Minister Cui. His writings and documents are mainly found in ten volumes of Fang Yao Compilation, one volume of Bone Steaming Moxibustion Prescription and one volume of Zen Map, all of which have been lost, and their outlines can be found in the Secret of Outer Taiwan. There are also five volumes of Cui Zhiti and two volumes of Legislation.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Jian Zhen
Jian Zhen, whose common name is Chunyu, was a Buddhist master in the Tang Dynasty. Born in the fourth year of Tang Dynasty (688), he died in the second year of Guangde (764).
Jian Zhen was originally from Guangling Jiangyang (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and his family was poor in his childhood. In the first year of Chang 'an (70 1) 14 years old, he became a monk with his father in Dayun Temple (later renamed Xing Xing Temple) in Yangzhou, and in the first year of Shenlong in Tang Zhongzong (705), he got a bodhisattva amulet from a Taoist monk. In the early years of Jinglong (708), he went to Luoyang and Chang 'an with his teacher and was taught by famous teachers. When he returned to Yangzhou in the first year of Kaiyuan (7 13), he had become a monk and had profound attainments in Buddhism, and presided over the daming temple in Yangzhou.
In the 21st year of Tang Kaiyuan (733), Japan sent monks Rong Rui and Pu Zhao to study in China, and invited eminent monks to give lectures in Japan. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Jian Zhen accepted the invitations of Japanese predecessors. In the second year of Tianbao (743), Jian Zhen and his disciples Xiang Yan and Daoxing began to cross eastward. I crossed the ocean five times in ten years and experienced difficulties and obstacles, but all failed. After the fifth trip to the East failed, the 62-year-old master Jian Zhen lost his sight, his eldest disciple Xiang Yan died, and the Japanese monk who invited him died, but his ambition to travel to the East did not change. In the 12th year of Tang Tianbao (753), on November 15th, he led more than forty disciples to cross the sea for the sixth time. In the same year, he landed in Saqiu's wife, Upu (now Qiuyuepu, Kagoshima, south of Kyushu), passing through Taizaifu and Osaka, and entered the Japanese capital, Heichengjing (now Nara) the following year, which was greatly welcomed by Japanese monks and nuns.
Jian Zhen was the first Japanese master to go to to establish Buddhism. At that time, the Japanese weather emperor, empress, crown prince and other senior officials all accepted Jian Zhen's three-thirds and seven-certificate precept and converted to Buddhism. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (759, the third year of Tianpingbuzi in Japan), Jian Zhen founded Zhao Ti Temple in Nara and wrote Three Commandments, which was the beginning of Japanese printing.
Jian Zhen is proficient in medicine and materia medica. He brought the identification, processing, formulation, collection and application of traditional Chinese medicine to Japan to teach medicine and treat diseases enthusiastically. In the first year of Zhide (756, the eighth year of Tianping Shengbao), Jian Zhen and his disciple Farong cured Emperor Shengwu's illness. At that time, although Jian Zhen was blind, he could tell the authenticity of the drug through his mouth, nose and hands, so he was right. In the History of Japanese Medicine, the Japanese medical historian Fujikawa You pointed out: "Although there were many famous doctors in ancient Japan, only Jian Zhen and Dai Tian were honored as statues" (Fujikawa You, History of Japanese Medicine).
Jian Zhen died on May 6th, the second year of Tang Guangde (764, the seventh year of Baozi in Tian Ping). Buried in Shimonoseki, Yakuji, Japan, the tower stands in a cube with the words "Zhenda monk" engraved on the front. In the Japanese bibliography, there is a volume of Master Jian's secret recipe and some secret recipes, whose books have been lost for a long time, and the lost articles can be found in Medical Heart Prescription.
Six, Yu Tuo Ma Ning Yuan Dan Kampot
Yutu Ma Ning Yuan Dan Gongbu (gyu-thogrying-Mayon-tan)
MGon-po) was born in 708 AD in the medical family of Duijina in the western suburb of Lhasa. His great-grandfather Luo Zhexining was the physician of Tibetan king Songzan Gambu, and his grandfather Zhai Jiejia Bazaar was the physician of Tibetan king Gongri Gongzan and Mansong Mangzan. According to legend, when Yuto was three years old, he studied Tibetan writing and bible reading with his father Joan Budojie. At the age of five, he was taught by his father "chemistry in Japan and Shandong" and "practicing medicine as a Buddhist". Yutao Ma Ning Yuan Dangombo showed extraordinary talent and was carefully educated by her father.
Under the influence of family education and medical family, Yutuo is diligent and studious, and has a very deep medical foundation since adolescence. Yutuo has a deep friendship with the imperial doctor and mainland doctor Tomatsuoka wa. Tomatsuoka wa himself has written medical books, gZa''-bCos, Srog-gi''Khor- 1o) and the card dagger wheel (Khyi) for treating rabies.
Bcossu-GRI'' I'' Khor-Lo' and Bya-bCos mTshon-gyi''Khor-lo' are presented to each other.
In his youth, Yutuo went to Tianzhu twice to study. The first study abroad lasted four years, and the second study tour lasted one year and eight months. After returning to Tubo, he treated patients and taught his disciples medical skills.
At the age of 38, Yu Tuo visited Tianzhu for the third time for four years and became a famous doctor. Especially before me, a famous doctor, I listened to "Bamba" and "Jiyoude" of Shengde.
Me-long) Supplement to the Medical Diagnosis of Moon King (Somaratsa kha-skong), etc. In front of the statue of banqin, Chandra Bizun received the immortal biography (Drang-srong
Xyan-brgyud) and eight-branch theory (Yan-lag
BrGyad-pa) and many other medical works. Back to Tubo, practicing medicine and teaching, with outstanding achievements. Sanbao sealed three fiefs of Tata, Gong and Qiong, and built temples in Longgou, Gong, to train doctors, process medicinal materials, make medicines, practice medicine and treat diseases, and collect folk prescriptions. Later, he led his disciples to Wutai Mountain in mainland China to worship Buddha, and asked Arca, a monk doctor, for medical treatment, and listened to Bjorba, Ivorumba and Bayank.
Don-khrems) and many other special medical instructions.
At the age of forty-five, Yu Tuo, on the basis of early Tubo medicine, absorbed Chinese and Tianzhu medicine, and after more than twenty years' efforts, wrote the famous medical masterpiece Four Medical Codes.
In view of his outstanding achievements in Tibetan medicine, Yutuo Yuandan Gongbu was honored by the Tibetan people as "the sage of medicine" and "the king of medicine".
Seven. Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi, named Meng De, was a famous writer, politician and physician in the Tang Dynasty. Born in the seventh year of Tang Dali (772) and died in the second year of Huichang (842). His ancestral home is Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Because he is a guest of the prince, he is called Liu Bin.
Yuxi was sickly since childhood and often took medicine prescribed by doctors. Have rich knowledge of medicine. Thirty years of perseverance makes a good doctor. Treating diseases with medicine, emphasizing practical results, not sticking to ancient laws, putting forward the preventive thought of "treating diseases before they happen, attacking after they happen", making good use of single prescription to treat diseases, and attaching importance to collecting and sorting out folk medicine experience. He participated in the compilation of Compendium of Materia Medica and Classic Prescriptions, and wrote two volumes of Fang Chuanxin, including more than 50 articles such as Ten Prescriptions and Folk Experience Prescriptions given to him by Xue Jinghui when he was in Lianzhou. Because both sides have their own evidence, it was named Chuancong. Its content involves all clinical disciplines, and also includes the content of first aid. Drug treatment is simple, convenient and cheap.
Eight, Li Xun
Li Xun, whose real name is Derun, was born in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan) in the five dynasties, and was born in the ninth and tenth centuries. Li Zhuzu borrowed Persia, and his ancestor came to China in the Sui Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, the Sui State changed its surname to Li, and settled in Zizhou, Sichuan during the Anshi Rebellion, so it was called Sichuan Persians. Li Xun's brother and sister can take three exams, and Xun is the eldest brother. His sister Li Shunxian is Wang Yanzhaoyi, the king of Shu. His younger brother Li Da's name is Yan Yi, and people call him Li Silang. He likes traveling and takes good care of his health. He is particularly interested in refining Dan medicine, regardless of family property. He used to be Wang Yan's prince.
Li Xun has rich knowledge of pharmacy. He has been to Lingnan, enjoyed the scenery in the south, and knows a lot of drugs imported from abroad. Materia Medica of Haiyao consists of six volumes, featuring references to Haiyao literature. According to the statistics of the existing lost articles, the book contains 124 drugs, of which 96 drugs are marked with foreign origin. Such as: benzoin, pears out of Persia, borneol out of France, and gold tablets out of grain countries. In addition, the book also describes the dosage form, authenticity, advantages and disadvantages, taste, indications, attached prescriptions, administration methods, pharmaceutical methods, taboos, fear of evil and so on. Some articles also contain explanations of drug names. Pittosporum bark, Tenjikukatsura and Myrrha included in the book were not included in other herbal works at that time. The original book was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its contents are scattered in the works such as Administration Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica.
Nine, Han Baosheng
Han Baosheng, five generations under one roof, was born in Shu (present-day Sichuan). He lived in the tenth century, and there is no historical record about his life. Meng Changjun (934 ~ 965), the ruler of the post-Shu Dynasty, served as a bachelor of Hanlin, majoring in materia medica. He and other doctors studied the morphology and efficacy of drugs in detail. On the basis of the newly revised Materia Medica, he consulted, supplemented, annotated and revised a variety of materia medica documents, and compiled the "Shu Hail Guangyinggong Materia Medica", which is called "Shu Materia Medica" for short, with a total of 20 volumes * * *, with illustrations, prefaced by Meng Chang and published in the world.
The content of Shu Ben Cao is more detailed than the newly revised Ben Cao. Unfortunately, the original book has been lost, and most of its articles were collected by Tang Shenwei's Materia Medica for Treating Syndrome and Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Song Dynasty, which had a certain influence in history.