Under the epidemic in 2020, some people are still alive and well, while others are very upset, which makes everyone deeply realize the importance and necessity of financial management. Don't think that you need to learn financial management only when you are old or rich. In fact, even after graduation, young people should cultivate the concept of financial management.
Cultivating good financial habits at the beginning can avoid many consumption traps in the future. In addition, regardless of the starting salary, it is basically difficult to save money in the first year, and there will always be an excuse to spend money indiscriminately. It is better to start financial management from this one.
Looking down with the following questions, Teacher A will try his best to help you understand with simple expressions:
Where is the cheapest online shopping?
There are too many places to spend money, how to allocate them?
Is the first investment a one-time investment, or are there other ways?
What kind of fund should I invest in?
First of all, you have to know some basic financial knowledge 1. Your money is actually shrinking secretly. The first concept to learn is the time value of money.
Generally speaking, money will become less and less valuable because of inflation, that is, spending 30 yuan to buy hi tea today may cost 3 1 yuan or more next year. Looks rare? But what about your total consumption? And what if your salary can't keep up with inflation? Especially this year, many companies have laid off employees and reduced their salaries on a large scale.
Of course, don't think that deflation will give you higher purchasing power one day. In fact, a good economy will actively maintain 1% ~ 3% inflation. Our country is still developing at a high speed, and inflation is inevitable.
2. Compound interest thinking: In the "eighth wonder of the world" investment, there are two ways to calculate interest, one is simple interest and the other is compound interest. Generally speaking, the difference between the two is that in each investment, simple interest means that interest does not generate interest, and compound interest means that interest generates interest.
For example, in terms of long-term investment, suppose you insist on investing 10 year, invest 12000 yuan every year, with an annualized interest rate of 7%, and calculate the interest once a year. After the investment expires, the interest you can get is:
Simple interest: {[12000 * (1+7%)]-12000}10 = 8400.
Compound interest: [12000 * (1+7%)10]-12000 ≈1606.
See, the calculation method of compound interest is nearly doubled, with a total difference of 3206 yuan, and there will be a free iPhone SE 2. This is only a one-time investment. What if you invest every year? If your annualized interest rate can be higher, what if you have more interest periods? What if your investment period is longer?
So find a good financial product, invest firmly, and the magic of time will show you the "eighth wonder of the world".
3. Financial management is risky and investment needs to be cautious. For example, it is particularly important to fully understand the volatility and do a good job in expected management.
What is volatility? If you invest in stock funds, you may see a profit today, a loss tomorrow and a profit the day after tomorrow, and the profit will fluctuate constantly.
You must understand that this is normal, and you can't make money every day. Because before you redeem your investment, there will always be good news and bad news in the market that will make your fund keep rising or falling, which is why your profit fluctuates. Therefore, as a long-term investor, you don't need to pay attention every day, and you don't need to worry. If you invest in a wealth management product, you will not be able to sleep well every day. It is recommended not to invest in such products.
What is expected management? To put it bluntly, I want to know how much money this fund earns for a long time, and I can redeem my investment. Don't set the goal too far from the actual situation, otherwise it is likely to cause losses. For example, I will set a goal that the fund will earn 1 5% within1year, and the maximum loss will not exceed 10%. Then, I will immediately redeem my investment under any of the following circumstances:
Time is up, profits are up.
Time is up, profits are up.
Time is up, and so is the loss.
Time is up, but the profit has not arrived.
Time is up, but the loss is not.
Time is up, and so is the loss.
The first two situations are naturally the best, and the last four are to improve the efficiency of capital utilization.
Therefore, it is particularly important to manage expectations and strictly implement them. If you bought the shares of HSBC 10 years ago, until this year, the share price will remain unchanged and the profit will be zero (cash dividends are not discussed here, just an example). This is not to say that value investment is not good, but more to illustrate the importance of expected management.
Finally, add a concept-smile curve.
For the first investment, there may be floating losses immediately (the losses before redemption are all "false losses"), so fixed investment is a sharp weapon for Xiaobai. Investing in a fixed amount on a regular basis can help you gradually reduce costs in a falling market. Moreover, if the initial investment is not high, you won't be so afraid to stop the loss by mistake. Then, if there is a rising market, you will make a profit (remember to stop profit in time).
Never rent a big mansion right after graduation. Finding a house is the top priority of the North drift and Deep drift families. Graduates tend to misjudge their real consumption, which leads to high rent and affects their basic life. It is reasonable that rent accounts for 30% of after-tax income.
So, we introduced the concept of "asset allocation". No matter how much disposable income you have, you should consciously diversify your investment and avoid putting all your eggs in one basket. The order of income distribution should be: rent first, then investment, and finally consumption, thus controlling your consumption in disguise.
The first thing to say is insurance. Once seriously ill, social security and medical insurance are far from enough to pay in full. Some companies will buy additional commercial insurance as a supplement, but you should also consciously supplement other types of insurance. Insurance is divided into four categories: medical insurance, accident insurance, life insurance and major illness insurance.
Be sure to add accident insurance and major illness insurance, first for yourself and then for your family, because you will be the new pillar of your family.
The sooner you buy life insurance, the lower the cost. However, it should be noted that the overall investment should not exceed 15% of the annual disposable income, otherwise your life may be affected.
The second is investment. How much you invest is up to you, as long as it doesn't affect your life excessively.
This is a long-term thing, but investment should also give priority to ensuring that you have no income for 3 to 6 months before you start. The simplest investment method is "fool investment", that is, divide your money into two parts, each accounting for 50%, one part is reserved for cash (or invested in money funds such as Yu 'ebao), and the other part is used to invest in high-risk products (such as stock funds). Calculate the amount of money on both sides at the end of each year and balance the money on both sides to 50%, so as to ensure that you will not panic or lose too much in any market.
Finally, daily consumption. There is only one principle, don't borrow money easily and don't spend money indiscriminately. Try to delay consumption, see what you like, calm down for 3 days before deciding whether to buy it, or go to various rental applets and apps to see if you can rent it.
Tips for "making money" Next, I will tell you some tips for daily financial management.
1. Try using Alibaba's App.
Taobao and JD.COM are retailers, but Alibaba is a wholesaler. Wholesale often means low prices and large quantities.
Of course, businesses that support/kloc-0 and/or small purchases can also be found on Alibaba App. If you have daily necessities to buy, you might as well try to search Alibaba first. Long-term accumulation will save a lot of money.
▲ Price comparison of the same toothpaste. From left to right are Alibaba, Taobao and JD.COM. It should be noted that different stores in Alibaba will set the lower limit of the purchase amount.
2. Use credit card to manage money and earn one more meal every month.
This part of the content is limited to people with strong self-control. Please don't apply for a credit card if you can't control your consumption.
So, what about credit card financing? Credit cards always have two important dates, the billing date and the final repayment date, and the consumption after the billing date is included in the next repayment. Therefore, if we spend by credit card, our salary can be invested. Since you have to pay it back every month, don't invest in products that may lose money.
For example, my billing date is 10 every month, and the final repayment date is the 28th of every month. In other words, the expenditure after I 10 will not be until the 28th of next month, so there is a 49-day investment period. Simply calculated by the annualized rate of 3.8%, you can earn 5 1 yuan for every1ten thousand yuan.
3. The "Jingdong Finance" App also has higher-yield goods-based products, which can be stored and taken at any time.
This year, Yu 'ebao has dropped to 1.5%, far less than inflation. But if you hold cash, you will only lose more.
In fact, JD Finance has a similar money fund with an annualized rate of 3.8% (just a pure profit). Open the App and click on the "One-Day Tour" series of products. The interest is calculated on the same day, paid with deposit and within 500,000 yuan 100%. For graduates, this is the most cost-effective guaranteed investment that can be found at present.
4. "Smart investment" helps you expand your income.
Xiaobai's investment in the stock market is risky, while the risk of investment funds will be relatively low. So what kind of fund is suitable for investment?
Funds can be divided into passive funds and active funds. Passive funds refer to funds that track indexes, such as Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index and CSI 500 Index, while active funds refer to funds in which managers actively adjust investment targets according to investment strategies. As long as you remember, active funds have higher risks and greater gains and losses.
Therefore, it is recommended to give priority to investing in large-cap index funds (such as index funds of CSI 300 and CSI 500). As long as you believe that the economic development of the motherland will always usher in a new round of bull market, then these index funds will take you off.
In addition, in addition to reducing transaction costs, Alipay also provides us with the function of "smart fixed investment", which can help you buy more when it falls, buy less or even not when it rises, and effectively avoid chasing up and down. Generally, it is recommended to adopt the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300+ 180/250-day moving average, which is suitable for people who can flexibly control their income. Click "Smart Fixed Investment" to adjust the strategy.
Finally, it is suggested that the fixed investment time be set on the second day after the salary is paid, so as to avoid spending money indiscriminately.
5. Make new convertible bonds and earn an extra set of clothes every month.
Convertible bonds are bonds that can be converted into stocks. The selection principles of convertible bonds are mainly high rating, close to face value, low premium and high quality stocks. Under the current circumstances, all convertible bonds can basically be purchased, and there are few losses, even if there are losses, it is only a few dozen. The profit range is between 50-300, and my biggest one earned more than 280 on the day of listing.
The subscription method is to open a securities account and subscribe for new bonds (10000), usually at most 10, each 100. Generally, it will be listed in about 20 days, and it will be sold on the same day. The total cost is * * * 1000 yuan, and you can earn 300 yuan at most.
However, don't forget that investment is risky! It's just that under the current circumstances, there are few losses, and it is not necessarily impossible to lose money.
Read more and study more. When the market goes down, everything is bad, only reading is high. Affected by this year's epidemic, US stocks and crude oil have opened our eyes, making us living in our twenties not much different from Buffett who lived 89 years old. No one knows whether there will be another round of plunge, so it is always useful to read more books, so that you can seize the admission opportunity with more confidence.
For financial newcomers who just graduated, I recommend the following two books.
Rich dad and poor dad
Although there are some controversies, objectively speaking, this book is quite practical. Many financial principles taught in it are worth reading, and the writing is concise and easy to understand, which is also very suitable for Xiaobai as an introduction to financial management.
Stupid investment
This book actually teaches you some simple investment strategies, such as the above-mentioned 50-50 strategy. Read it carefully and you will understand why this strategy is effective.
Don't play simulated investment easily. You have to understand, first of all, financial management is absolutely free of money and money, and you can start at any time. Wealth is accumulated gradually. Get rich overnight, if you don't have a good sense of financial management, you will get rich overnight sooner or later. Let's see how many NBA stars made hundreds of millions and finally went bankrupt.
Second, don't play simulated investment. Many times, the loss of investment is not because the company is not good, or your eyes are not good, but because of the violent fluctuations, which leads to an imbalance of mentality, thus killing the decline. The simulated investment money is not your real money, so you won't care, so it's not easy to kill. The real investment is your real money, and your mentality is different. You need to overcome the tendency of chasing up and killing down, and practice on the spot! Investment must be anti-human.
Finally, briefly summarize the knowledge points of this article: visit Alibaba, invest in Alipay and Jingdong Finance, be cautious in credit card financing, read more books if you have nothing to do, and the investment is risky!
Everyone's investment period, investment purpose and psychological endurance are different, and others' successful investment strategies may lead to losses here. Therefore, it is particularly important to choose appropriate products and strategies.
These are some foundations of financial management. Financial management is a university question. Learn more. Always keep a good investment attitude, and slowly you will complete your primitive accumulation of capital.