Muscle ligament strain
sports injury
Internal causes: insufficient training level, poor flexibility, strength and coordination, and poor physiological structure.
External causes: insufficient preparation activities, poor venue, temperature and humidity, poor class content and insufficient professional level of coaches.
Prevention: Choose coaches, venues and suitable courses, and exercise and prepare for activities fully and step by step under normal weather conditions.
Treatment: 24 hours ago was the acute phase. Methods: Stop exercising, cold compress, bandage and raise the injured part.
After 24 hours is the recovery period: with massage, micro-motion, rehabilitation or restorative exercise.
joint sprain
Internal causes: poor technical mastery, poor coordination, weak muscle strength around joints, poor physiological structure and poor physical strength due to fatigue.
External causes: insufficient warm-up activities, slippery venue, improper use of equipment and coaches, and poor content (fast movements and many twists and jumps).
Prevention: Be fully prepared, understand the use of equipment, step by step, and the coach or himself will slow down.
Treatment: 24 hours ago was the acute phase. Methods: Stop exercising, cold compress, bandage and raise the injured part.
24 hours later is the recovery period: with massage, micro-motion, rehabilitation or restorative exercise.
Have a haggard heart
sports injury
Manifestations: people are cold, sweaty, pale or red, headache, dizziness, fatigue and fatigue.
Prevention: coaches or practitioners should pay attention to the control of exercise.
Solution: Leave the hot place and take off your coat and wet clothes. Give him some water slowly after waking up and pay attention to observation. The patient should not do more exercise that day.
Exercise fatigue
Manifestations: palpitation, tachycardia, slow recovery of blood pressure and pulse after exercise, visceral discomfort, hematuria, etc. People are cold, sweaty, pale or red, headache, dizziness, fatigue and exhaustion.
Reasons: incorrect training methods, unsystematic training, large amount of exercise, long training time, insufficient rest, etc.
Prevention: arrange reasonable training time and plan, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
Treatment: adjust the exercise plan and amount, step by step, and carry out systematic training and comprehensive training.
Gravity impact
Manifestations: dizziness, dark eyes, uncomfortable heart, pale face, cold hands and feet, and severe fainting.
Causes: insufficient blood supply to the lower limbs during exercise, insufficient venous return during sudden static exercise, and cerebral anemia caused by cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.
Prevention: Don't stop exercising immediately after intensive exercise.
Treatment: Let the patient lie flat, the foot pad is high, the head is lower than the foot, and massage from the calf to the thigh.
angina pectoris
Manifestations: Angina pectoris often manifests as leg and belly pain and colic.
Reason: Regular exercise in cold places, drinking cold drinks, not doing stretching massage and not drinking salt water will aggravate the condition.
Prevention: pay attention to choose a good exercise environment, be fully prepared for activities, and have an air-conditioned gym indoors.
Treatment: rest and let the practitioners go in a good environment.
stroke
Manifestations: Severe heart disease, affected human functions, dry skin, redness, fever, fast and weak pulse, shallow breathing, etc.
Treatment: Conscious: Drink plenty of water and take off your coat. If you vomit, don't give liquid food and call the hospital.
Unconscious: call for help, let him lie on his side, observe his breathing, put ice cubes on his wrists, ankles, armpits and neck veins without massage.
Exercise abdominal pain
Cause 1: liver and spleen congestion. Chronic abdominal diseases
Reason 2: respiratory muscle spasm (insufficient preparation, low lung permeability, uncoordinated exercise and breathing)
Reason 3: Gastrointestinal spasm (overeating before exercise, exercising too early after meals, fasting or drinking too much water).
Prevention: physical examination before exercise, reasonable arrangement of exercise diet, exercise before and after meals 1 hour, no fasting and excessive water exercise.
Treatment: slow down, deepen breathing, adjust the rhythm of exercise breathing, and press the painful part with your hand. It is impossible to stop the movement.
Oral antispasmodic drugs (atropine, ten drops of water).
plantar fasciitis
Cause: Pain caused by frequent compression of soles of feet. The reasons are inappropriate routines, shoes problems and poor physiological structure of feet.
Causes: calcaneal calcium precipitation, plantar fasciitis, nerve tingling;
Prevention: Adequate preparation activities (including foot preparation activities).
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and taking a hot bath.
sesamoiditis
Cause: Sudden heavy pressure was applied to the sesamoid bone during exercise, resulting in fracture and inflammation.
Prevention: choose shoes with cushioning and correct them with cushioning force.
Tendon and calf myalgia
Reason: It is caused by often lifting the heel.
Prevention: Stretching tendons and calf muscles before and after exercise can prevent injury and relieve pain.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage, hot water washing and stretching to help relieve pain.
Semilunar valve disease
Cause: Semi-valvular disease is generally caused by excessive knee movement and running, and semi-valvular disease often has a "click" sound.
Prevention: reduce excessive movement of knee joint, reduce impact actions such as turning and jumping,
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and hot water washing.
Arthritis, bursitis
Reason: overtraining,
Treatment: rest and see a doctor.
Osteoarthritis is due to the wear and tear of cartilage, which causes swelling and edema of joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by diseases of human immune system.
psoatic strain
Causes: improper exercise methods (such as unyielding legs during sit-ups), anxious for success in exercise and fatigue injury.
Prevention: learn the correct movement skills, and don't rush for success.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and taking a hot bath.
Cervical diseases
Causes: improper exercise methods (such as not holding the neck when doing sit-ups), excessive neck exercise and fatigue injury.
Prevention: Learn the correct sports skills and don't overtrain your neck.
Treatment: Pay attention to relaxation, rest, massage and taking a hot bath.
Tibial periostitis
Manifestations: Tibial periosteum and bone have a sense of peeling, resulting in fatigue and soreness.
Causes: improper exercise mode, unequal ground, unbalanced calf muscle development and sudden pressure.
Prevention: learn the correct exercise methods (for example, don't jump continuously for a long time, step up and down).
Treatment: pay attention to comprehensive exercise, relaxation, rest, massage, hot water washing, stretching exercise to relieve pain, etc.
Basketball sports injury
Basketball is the most popular sport in China. It is a fast-changing sport, which requires athletes' comprehensive physical development and physical training. The most common injuries are acute injuries caused by falling, jumping for the ball, incorrect landing (stepping on someone else's foot or being stepped on), sudden stop, sharp turn, collision or uneven or wet ground. The lightest trauma is just a scratch, and the heavier one can be broken or dislocated. Generally, ankle ligament injury or fracture (due to improper handling, it will often become a chronic disease, and pain often hinders movement), meniscus injury of knee ligament, finger contusion, scaphoid fracture and so on. In addition, chronic injuries can also occur in basketball, among which osteochondrosis patellae has the greatest impact, which is mainly caused by excessive local training, such as sliding attack and defense, emergency stop and stride layup, which should be paid attention to. The necessary preventive measures are to strengthen all-round training, avoid single-person training, create up-to-standard venue sanitary conditions, and strengthen athletes' discipline education and referee work. At the same time, we should pay attention to the excessive fatigue of athletes to reduce the possibility of trauma.
4 Football sports injury
According to foreign records, football is one of the sports with the highest incidence of trauma. The degree of trauma, the lightest is abrasion, and the heavier can be fracture, dislocation and visceral rupture. According to the data of Guangdong Provincial Sports Commission Medical Office (classified according to the situation affecting training), 47.8% were slightly injured, 0/9% were moderately injured and only 3.2% were seriously injured. About 86% of the injuries occurred in limbs. Besides the common bruises and contusions, ankle sprain is the most common injury. Followed by muscle strain and contusion before and after thigh. Knee joint injury is the second. Among them, meniscus tear, knee cruciate ligament tear, patella fracture and chondromalacia patellae are rare, but once they occur, it is difficult to treat them. Many professional football players in some capitalist countries have their meniscus or patella removed. Goalkeepers are prone to wrist (scaphoid fracture) and elbow trauma (olecranon subcutaneous bursitis and hematoma) because they often throw the ball and fall. Therefore, the general goalkeeper should wear threading clothes, elbow pads and gloves.
Football sports reasons
1. Injuries caused by fierce competition are likely to cause muscle strain and fracture of thighs and calves during intense competitions, sprints and steals. Sudden change of posture, sudden torsion, adduction or abduction of the calf will cause ligament and bone damage of the knee joint and ankle joint.
2. Injuries caused by the indirect action of the ball are more common in the lower limbs. For example, kicking the ball with the outside of the foot can easily damage the anterior talofibular ligament, which is the most common ankle injury. When kicking the ball with the medial forefoot of the foot, due to the flexion of the knee joint, the calf suddenly rotates outward and abducts under the action of the ball, which is easy to damage the medial collateral ligament, meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint. Especially when it's "foot-to-foot" with the opposing athletes.
5 General treatment methods
physiatrics
Cold therapy
Cold therapy refers to a physical therapy using physical molecules (such as cold water, ice, evaporated refrigerant, etc.). ) below human body temperature for stimulation and treatment.
1. function
Cold therapy mainly reduces tissue temperature, contracts peripheral blood vessels, reduces local blood flow and congestion at the injured part, and reduces peripheral nerve conduction velocity. So it has hemostatic, antipyretic, analgesic and repercussive effects. In the process of cold compress, some people will feel cold, tingling, pain relief and numbness.
2. Method
Soak the towel in cold water and change it every two minutes, or put ice cubes in a bag and apply it externally for about 20 minutes each time. You can also directly shower with tap water or soak the injured part with cold water, or rub the injured part with ice cubes, but the time should be shortened. Conditional cold analgesic aerosol can be used to spray the affected area. Paraffin freezing spray is commonly used. When in use, it should be sprayed vertically at a distance of 30 cm to 40 cm from the skin for about 5 seconds to 10 second. Sometimes, in order to enhance the anesthetic effect, spray can be stopped for 20 seconds before spraying, but the number of spraying should not be too much, generally not more than 3 times to avoid frostbite. After spraying cold analgesic aerosol, the wound pain was relieved or disappeared, the body temperature dropped and there was numbness. However, this method is not suitable for facial injuries.
Step 3 instruct
It is mainly used in the early stage of acute closed tissue injury, that is, within 24 ~ 72 hours after injury.
4. Preventive measures
Cold therapy should be used as soon as possible after injury, and the sooner the better. But we should strictly control the time and pay attention to the local organization. Cold compress lasting more than 20 minutes may cause nerve damage. If you find that your skin is numb, you should stop using it to prevent tissue frostbite. Do not apply cold compress to the parts without feeling; When cold compress is applied to cold sensitive parts, some people will have redness, itching and blisters, which should be observed and avoided. Don't apply cold compress to the wound.
heat flow meter