Varicose veins (commonly known as "hamstring muscle") are the most common diseases of venous system. The main reason for the formation is that blood accumulates in the lower limbs because of keeping the same posture for a long time, and the venous valve is destroyed over time, resulting in increased venous pressure and varicose veins. Varicose veins mostly occur in the lower limbs, and the skin of the legs is red or blue, like cobwebs, twisted blood vessels of earthworms, or hard nodules like tree tumors. The veins are abnormally enlarged, swollen and varicose. According to statistics, about 25 ~ 40% of women and 20% of men in Taiwan Province Province suffer from varicose veins. Teachers, surgeons, nurses, hairdressers, counter girls, chefs, restaurant waiters and other occupations that need to stand for a long time are all high-risk groups. In addition, varicose veins are related to heredity, oral contraceptives and pregnancy. Varicose veins are an irreversible phenomenon because the human body has no mechanism of self-repairing membrane, but we can still prevent varicose veins from expanding and alleviate their symptoms through conservative treatment (such as using elastic socks, exercising, changing diet and life schedule). Walking, swimming and cycling can not only improve circulation, but also reduce the incidence of new varicose veins. In terms of diet, we should eat more high-fiber and low-fat diets and strengthen vitamin C and E supplements. In daily life, we should control our weight, avoid taking birth control pills, avoid wearing tight clothes and high heels, cross our legs and avoid sitting or standing for a long time. Raise your legs for a period of time before going to bed every day and sleep on your left side to relieve pelvic venous pressure. Smoking can raise blood pressure and damage arteries and veins. Patients with varicose veins should quit smoking immediately. Most patients with varicose veins are not serious and do not need treatment. Health care and prevention are the most important. But if varicose veins are too serious, it is easy to produce recurrent ulcers, infections and bleeding. Mistaking folk remedies and using the wrong treatment will aggravate the symptoms of varicose veins. Therefore, the best way is to consult a specialist and give appropriate advice. The treatment of varicose veins includes the following methods: compression therapy: using elastic socks and using external pressure to reduce edema during exercise. Theoretically speaking, the pressure of elastic socks is the largest at the ankle and gradually decreases upward. It is usually best to wear elastic socks that can reach your thighs. It is best to wear elastic socks before getting up in the morning and then take them off after going to bed at night. If patients have leg ulcers due to venous hypertension, they should respect the doctor's advice, take antibiotics and diuretics, supplemented by special hygiene materials. Sclerosing agent treatment: Inject hypertonic solution (such as high-concentration saline or sclerosing agent) into varicose veins to destroy the intima of blood vessels and make it disappear after sealing. However, it can only treat varicose veins, and severe pain, pigmentation, even inflammation, redness, ulceration and other sequelae may occur during the treatment, and it is easy to recur, and it is difficult to treat after recurrence, which is only suitable for a few patients. Extravascular laser or pulsed light: Like the principle of laser beauty spot removal, it has the advantages of only local anesthesia, short treatment time, low pain, relatively small wound, no ugly scar and immediate walking. But it is only effective for micro-spider varicose veins, and several courses of treatment are paid at one's own expense. Surgical removal: incision is made in the groin to cut off and ligate or remove the great saphenous vein, which requires hemianesthesia or general anesthesia and hospitalization for 2-3 days. If the varicose veins are too serious, it may take several small wounds to remove the varicose veins one by one. The treatment is complete, but there are some shortcomings, such as subcutaneous bruising and painful wounds. Intravascular cauterization: Make a small incision on the inside of the knee or ankle, put a very thin catheter, cauterize and block the varicose venous blood flow with high-frequency wave (or radio frequency) or laser beam. Simple intravascular cautery has the advantages of being performed under local anesthesia, no hospitalization, less scar and pain, walking home after elastic tension treatment and high success rate. However, health insurance is not paid at one's own expense, and most patients may not only solve it by this method alone, but also need other methods such as minimally invasive varicocele surgery system to have a more complete treatment. Minimally invasive varicose vein rotating endoscopic system: the earthworm-like vein is sucked out through endoscope and suction rotation. The wound is smaller and more beautiful than traditional surgery, but it needs anesthesia and hospitalization, and consumables need to be paid at their own expense. Four therapies for varicose veins eliminate the veins. There is a "blue vein" crawling on the calf, which annoys Amy, but some "blue veins" bend or cover some thighs or calves like a tight encirclement. These "blue veins" are not itchy or painful, but their appearance "stings" the nerves of the eyes. How about varicose veins? Is it harmful to your health? How to eliminate these "blue veins" common on women's feet? Xiong Jian, a surgical consultant at Guanghua Hospital, said that in Guanghua Hospital alone, more than 100 patients need surgery every year because of varicose veins; This figure does not count some patients with mild illness. The reason of valve failure, hematocele and varicose veins is that there is something wrong with the valves of veins. Under normal circumstances, the vein responsible for sending blood back to the heart has a piston-like valve to prevent blood from flowing back. When the valve breaks, the piston cannot stop the blood from flowing back. For example, if the venous valve supporting the leg breaks, blood will accumulate in the vein, and the vein will swell due to pressure, which will cause inflammation in severe cases, and the surrounding tissues will turn black or even fester. Dr Xiong Jian pointed out that varicose veins develop slowly, and most patients are women. Generally, it begins around the age of 30, and symptoms of pain or discomfort will appear after the age of 50. Varicose veins occur in superficial or deep veins. Patients with superficial varicose veins have curved or reticulated "blue veins" on their calves or thighs. As for the deep vein, the affected area has no symptoms. Superficial varicose veins mostly start from the thigh and extend to the calf, while varicose veins can appear anywhere in the calf. However, Dr. Xiong stressed that there are long and straight "blue veins" in the calf, which are not necessarily varicose veins. It is common in athletes' calves, feet are often compressed and veins are prominent, which is a normal phenomenon. Varicose veins are a vicious circle. Dr. Xiong explained that when a valve in a vein breaks and loses the function of sending blood back to the heart, blood accumulates in the vein, and the vein is compressed and expanded, implicating the next valve. The valve can't cover the excessively dilated vein, and it also loses its piston function, which in turn affects the third and fourth valves. There are several reasons for piston failure: (1) Congenital reasons: the patient's valve may be born with some minor defects, and the acquired pressure will form varicose veins; (2) Vascular diseases: People who have suffered from venous vascular embolism may have impaired valve function; (3) Perforation failure: The perforated vein connecting the superficial vein and the deep vein also has a valve to prevent blood from flowing from the deep vein to the superficial vein. However, when the valve function of the perforated vein fails and the blood flows freely, it will exert pressure on the superficial vein and dilate the vein; (4) Drug addicts: It is easy for drug addicts to damage the valves of deep veins when using syringes; (5) Pregnant women: The female hilum can dilate the vein, but the valve can't cover the vein, which prevents the blood from flowing back; (6) Obese: Because the lower limbs need to support a huge body, the venous pressure increases. Generally speaking, varicose veins do not pose a danger to life and do not need any treatment; But in severe cases, blood is squeezed out of blood vessels, causing inflammation. Long-term inflammation makes muscles hard, fibrotic, festering and blackening. When you feel itchy feet, pain, eczema and redness, you may need to ask a doctor for help. 1 The operation has severe varicose veins and valve dysfunction. Doctors can remove the problematic vein by surgery, but this treatment is limited to superficial varicose veins. If the problem comes from a perforated vein, the doctor will bind the fascia of the perforated vein with an endoscope to prevent blood from entering and leaving the perforated vein, and the problem will be solved. 2 sclerotherapy injects a sclerosing fluid into varicose veins to narrow the contraction of veins, which is limited to the treatment of varicose veins below the knee. 3 pressure therapy for deep varicose veins, you can wrap the lower limbs with elastic bandages to pressurize the veins, prevent local hypertension and promote blood flow. 4 varicose veins with slight leg movements, although painless, are not good-looking. When summer comes, my feet are swollen and crooked when I wear shorts or swimsuits, and my blue "blue veins" are simply a spoil the fun. Some simple activities can relieve varicose veins and prevent the course from getting worse. 1) Exercise calf muscles. Dr. Xiong Jian pointed out that calf muscle is an auxiliary blood pump, which helps veins pump blood back to the heart and can slow down the deterioration of varicose veins. The calf loses this function when it lacks exercise for a long time. Cycling, walking and swimming all help to strengthen calf muscles. 2) When sleeping, gently pad your feet to promote blood flow in your feet and relieve venous pressure. 3) You can wear pressure socks. But summer is not easy because the pressure socks are cramped. What is vasculitis? Vasculitis, called thromboangiitis obliterans, is a serious disease caused by vascular inflammation caused by thromboembolism of small and medium arteries in lower limbs. The cause of vasculitis is still unknown. Statistics show that the incidence of vasculitis in cold areas is higher than that in warm areas, and the incidence of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. Therefore, most scholars believe that the onset of vasculitis is related to long-term smoking and catching cold. Others believe that it is related to immune genetic factors. This disease mostly occurs in young people aged 20-40, and the ratio of male to female is 29∶ 1. It mainly involves several groups of arteries in front of the tibia, behind the tibia and the dorsum of the calf. In severe cases, it can involve the femoral artery and even all the blood vessels in the limbs. Thrombosis, lumen occlusion and insufficient blood supply can cause thrombophlebitis, arteritis, intermittent claudication, tissue malnutrition and even necrosis, which seriously harms health. The diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans is based on the following points: (1) onset in young men; (2) Intermittent claudication of one or both lower limbs; (3) The pulse of dorsum pedis or posterior tibial artery is weakened or disappeared; (4) Patients with superficial wandering thrombophlebitis without hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and arteriosclerosis; (5) Limb posture test: the patient lies on his back, and his lower limbs are raised by 45 degrees. After 3 minutes, the skin color changes of his feet are observed. The skin of affected limbs and feet, especially toes, is pale or sallow, and the tenderness of fingers is more obvious, accompanied by numbness and pain. Ask the patient to sit up, let the lower limbs droop naturally, and the skin color will slowly recover or turn blue-purple. Traditional Chinese medicine classifies vasculitis as vasculitis, which is called thromboangiitis obliterans. Vascular inflammation caused by thromboembolism of arterioles in lower limbs is a serious disease. The cause of vasculitis is still unknown. Statistics show that the incidence of vasculitis in cold areas is higher than that in warm areas, and the incidence of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. Therefore, most scholars believe that the onset of vasculitis is related to long-term smoking and catching cold. Others believe that it is related to immune genetic factors. This disease mostly occurs in young people aged 20-40, and the ratio of male to female is 29∶ 1. It mainly involves several groups of arteries in front of the tibia, behind the tibia and the dorsum of the calf. In severe cases, it can involve the femoral artery and even all the blood vessels in the limbs. Thrombosis, lumen occlusion and insufficient blood supply can cause thrombophlebitis, arteritis, intermittent claudication, tissue malnutrition and even necrosis, which seriously harms health. The diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans is based on the following points: (1) onset in young men; (2) Intermittent claudication of one or both lower limbs; (3) The pulse of dorsum pedis or posterior tibial artery is weakened or disappeared; (4) Patients with superficial wandering thrombophlebitis without hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and arteriosclerosis; (5) Limb posture test: the patient lies on his back, and his lower limbs are raised by 45 degrees. After 3 minutes, the skin color changes of his feet are observed. The skin of affected limbs and feet, especially toes, is pale or sallow, and the tenderness of fingers is more obvious, accompanied by numbness and pain. Ask the patient to sit up, let the lower limbs droop naturally, and the skin color will slowly recover or turn blue-purple. Chinese medicine classifies vasculitis as gangrene. As early as Huangdi Neijing, there were records about this disease. Ma Peizhi's Surgical Medical Record says: "The ancient book says that Stan is warm and the ointment is too thick, but ... it will lead to gangrene ... the feet are swollen and hot, the toes are still cold, the flesh and blood are dead, the joints are cracked for a long time, the sewage seeps out, and the tendons are broken and the meat is broken." ..... Look at its endowment strength, it should be caused by accumulated heat, mainly nourishing yin and clearing fire. " References:

/1-3/2- 1.htm Speaking of vasculitis, CCTV International (September 8, 2005) Wu Danming, chief physician of vascular surgery in Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, is good at treating peripheral vascular obstructive diseases by combining intravascular interventional therapy with surgery, and has completed more than 2,000 cases of various angiography and published 35 papers. (left) Yi Wei, deputy chief physician of vascular surgery in Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, is good at surgical operation and interventional treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and has deep attainments in noninvasive and minimally invasive examination of vascular diseases. He has published more than ten papers and participated in two monographs. (Right) Q: What is vasculitis? A: Vasculitis is actually an inflammatory manifestation of the vascular wall itself, which has nothing to do with bacterial infection. The blood vessel wall is divided into three layers. Combined with a picture, the left side is a normal blood vessel, which is divided into inner layer, middle layer and outer layer. The inner layer is smooth and the blood flows smoothly. The middle layer is the muscle layer, which keeps the elasticity of blood vessels, and the outer layer is a very smooth structure separated from other tissues. Let's look at the picture on the right. The vascular wall is involved in the lesion from the inside out. Inflammatory changes in the inner layer lead to stenosis of the vascular lumen, so blood supply cannot be supplied. The serious change caused by the middle layer is that the muscles are relatively stiff and have poor elasticity. Once the outer layer breaks through, some tissues around blood vessels, nerves, adventitia and muscles also participate in inflammatory changes, resulting in a series of symptoms. Q: What kind of people are particularly susceptible to this vasculitis? A: The high-risk population of vasculitis is 1, smokers (especially young men) 2, neurotic population 3, unbalanced nutrition 4, residents in cold and humid areas 5, family genetic factors Q: What are the clinical manifestations of vasculitis? A: Early symptoms: 1, numbness, coldness and pain; 2, fatigue, leg pain; 3. The pulse is weak and gradually disappears; Intermediate symptom:1; Leg pain during activities; 2, muscle twitching, especially at night; 3. Late symptoms of intermittent claudication: 1, persistent severe pain; 2, dark red, dark brown skin. A: This is a medical term. Our usual understanding is the symptoms after exercise. There is nothing to show during the break. Besides limping, the patient has a very obvious feeling that his feet are very, very cold. Even in very warm weather, he wears thick socks and sleeps with a thick quilt. He felt like putting his feet in the freezer, so the patient was very scared. Q: What are the treatments for vasculitis? Answer: 1, vascular bypass surgery, which we understand as vascular bypass surgery. In fact, it means the same thing as heart bypass, except that this lesion appears in the limbs, and mainly in the lower limbs. For example, this damage is limited to a few centimeters or more. We can give up this road and open a new one. There are two possibilities. One is that it needs a lot of engineering to repair it, so it is better to have another one. Another possibility is that it can't be repaired at all, so let's have another artificial blood vessel. Ensure the nutrition of blood supply below the knee joint. 2. Drug nuclear physical therapy. Drug therapy mainly refers to the inhibition of vasculitis in the chest or the further deterioration of the disease by drugs. 3. Interventional therapy. Interventional therapy is equivalent to intravascular surgery, and the effect of surgery can be achieved without surgery. Interventional technology, the most representative of which is intravascular ultrasound ablation technology, recanalizes blocked blood vessels by ultrasound with one wavelength. Q: How do patients choose which method to apply? A: The use of treatment methods is based on the specific situation of patients, involving many factors, and there are strict definitions in medicine. We can simply understand that, for example, blood vessels are tunnels. Due to various reasons, such as earthquake or soil erosion, it involves collapse or has collapsed. Then check it quickly and see what the tunnel is like. If it collapses completely, there is no way to do another one, which is what we call bypass surgery. If the stone partially falls or cracks, then we should clean the tunnel first, just like if there is only a little water dripping in the tunnel, use a little cement locally and plant some trees on the mountain to keep soil erosion. This is medication. According to the specific situation of patients, it is used clinically in medicine. According to the degree of stenosis, the length of the lesion, and the state of the patient's whole body, many patients use interventional therapy more, because interventional therapy has little influence on patients, and the repeatability of interventional therapy is very strong, which patients can tolerate. Intervention, surgery, medication, we can't definitely separate them, we can complement each other. Q: Why does advanced vasculitis hurt so much? A: There are two mechanisms. One is that there is no nutrition in the area. Without nutrition, muscles will be necrotic, and necrosis will naturally hurt. The other is complete paralysis of blood vessels. For example, there is something wrong with the adventitia. There are many nerves attached to the adventitia of blood vessels, which send signals to the brain about vascular diseases, such as health, pain, necrosis and some special nerve conduction in muscles. Vasculitis corrodes these nerves, so his sensitivity is different at this time. For example, if we adults touch a cup of hot water, it may be a little hot, but for children. Q: What is the examination content of vasculitis reexamination? Answer: 1, skin color, body temperature 2, ankle arterial pressure measurement 3, color Doppler ultrasound 4, CT, MRI 5, arteriography Q: How to prevent recurrence after vasculitis is cured? Answer: 1. Quit smoking and limit alcohol. 2. Warm limbs. 3. Prevent trauma. 4. Good living habits. 5. stick to medication.