Middle school physical education:

Stimulate the consciousness and enthusiasm of learning.

Cultivate students' ability to overcome difficulties

Stimulate students' learning motivation with games and competitions.

Cultivate students' good ideological and moral character and cultivate students' sentiment.

The goal of improving health and physique, mastering knowledge and skills, education, competition, entertainment and personality development.

College physical education:

Physical education class is a compulsory course for college students. With physical exercise as the main means, through reasonable physical education teaching and scientific physical exercise process, the main goals of strengthening physical fitness, improving health and improving physical literacy can be achieved. It is an important part of the school curriculum system, the central link of physical education in colleges and universities, an educational process to promote the harmonious development of body and mind, ideological and moral education, cultural and scientific education, life sports skills education and sports activities, and an important way to implement quality education and cultivate all-round development talents.

Physical education curriculum objectives in colleges and universities are divided into basic objectives and development objectives.

1, basic goal: According to the basic requirements of most students, it is divided into five local goals.

① Sports participation goal: actively participate in various sports activities and basically form the habit of conscious exercise, basically form the consciousness of lifelong physical exercise, be able to make practical personal exercise plans, and have certain ability to appreciate sports culture.

② Sports skill goal: To master more than two basic methods and skills of fitness exercise, to be able to carry out physical exercise scientifically, to improve one's sports ability, and to master the disposal methods of common sports injuries.

③ Physical health goal: to test and evaluate physical health, and master the knowledge and methods to effectively improve physical fitness and develop physical fitness in an all-round way; Can reasonably choose healthy and nutritious food needed by human body; Develop good behavior habits and form a healthy social way; Have a healthy body.

(4) Mental health goal: Set the physical education learning goal according to one's own ability; Can consciously improve mental state through sports activities, overcome psychological obstacles and develop a positive and optimistic attitude towards life; Adjust your emotions with appropriate methods; Experience the fun of sports and the feeling of success in sports.

⑤ Social adaptation goal: show good sports ethics and cooperative spirit, and correctly handle the relationship between competition and cooperation.

2. Development goal: It is determined for some students who have studied well and have spare capacity, and can also be used as the goal of most students, which is divided into five local goals.

① Sports participation goal: to form good physical exercise habits and independently formulate fitness exercise prescriptions suitable for their own needs; Have a high level of sports culture accomplishment and appreciation.

② Sports skill goal: actively improve the level of sports skills, develop their own sports talents, reach or be equivalent to the level of national athletes in a certain sport, and be able to participate in challenging venue activities and sports competitions.

③ Physical health goal: choose a good sports environment, develop physical fitness in an all-round way, improve one's scientific exercise ability and keep fit.

④ Mental health goal: show brave and tenacious will quality in challenging sports environment.

⑤ Social adaptation goal: form good behavior habits, take the initiative to care about and actively participate in community sports affairs.

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"Pole" and "second breath": In middle and long-distance running, because the oxygen supply lags behind the needs of the body, when running to a certain distance, there will be chest tightness, disordered breathing rhythm, difficulty breathing, weakness of limbs and no longer running. This phenomenon is called pole. "This is a normal phenomenon of middle and long distance running. When the "pole" appears, you should continue to run with tenacious will, and at the same time strengthen your breathing and adjust your pace. In this way, after a certain distance, the breathing becomes even, the movement is heavy and relaxed, and all the discomfort disappears. This is the so-called second breathing state. In middle and long distance running, abdominal pain is easy to occur due to insufficient preparation activities, mainly caused by gastrointestinal spasm. At this time, students must not be nervous. They can hold the painful part with their hands, slow down running, take a few deep breaths, and hold on for a while, and the pain will disappear.

Reference:/question/12071465.html? si=3

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The feeling of movement

Sports is a social and cultural phenomenon that everyone seems to know, but even experts who specialize in sports can hardly explain it clearly in one or two sentences. Therefore, it is necessary for us to examine the practice of sports development theoretically in order to deepen and improve our understanding of sports.

"Watching sports outside sports" is an important way to deepen our understanding of sports. The so-called "jumping out of sports" mainly refers to the "holographic" perspective of sports as a social and cultural phenomenon from different angles, levels and aspects, so as to comprehensively and objectively grasp and understand sports, make our decision-making and work more in line with the law of sports development and the reality of social development, thus better exerting its social benefits and serving China's socialist economic construction and the development of national sports culture.

The great Greek philosopher Heraclitus once said: One cannot step into the same river twice. Both nature and human society are constantly changing, so is sports as a social and cultural phenomenon. In a sense, "movement" is also a historical concept. With the development of social economy and culture, it constantly expands its own connotation and develops its own content. Fitness, education, entertainment, economy, politics and other functions are all objective things, but human understanding of these functions and their conscious use and exertion have gone through a long evolution process.

The original sports (if it can be called sports) appeared in the process of production, life and military activities with the function of physical development and physical improvement. People feel the existence of this objective process and try to bring the growth of teenagers into this process. But people don't understand it, let alone admit that it is a social and cultural phenomenon. Physical development and improvement of physical quality are subject to natural evolution. The movement at this time can be called a kind of "free movement".

With the gradual improvement of social productive forces, there has been a simple social division of labor, and the cultivation of production and life skills has gradually separated from the production and life process and become a relatively independent activity. On this basis, a "coming-of-age ceremony" (which eventually evolved into a competition) appeared to test the viability or production skills. The development of physical quality and the cultivation of skills are increasingly becoming important matters in social life, and they are subordinate to the social and cultural activities we call education today. In the long-term historical evolution, the basic function of physical education has experienced the progressive development process of teaching survival skills, training military skills and cultivating all-round development people, but it is always within the scope of education, subordinate to education, serving education and obeying the development law of pedagogy. It belongs to a kind of "self-directed movement". So some people say that sports = sports.

19 at the end of the 20th century, the rise of modern Olympic movement began to make sports overflow the scope of education. Especially after the Second World War, with the great development of social economy, participating in sports activities has increasingly become an important part of people's daily life. Leisure sports and lifelong sports have gradually become social trends, and engaging in sports is entirely out of their own needs. Physical education has broken through the principle of pedagogy, transcended the scope of education and become an active, healthy and civilized lifestyle of human beings. The socialization and living process of sports has become an important symbol to measure social progress. People's research on sports is no longer just regarded as a branch of education, but as an independent social and cultural phenomenon, thus making sports enter the stage of "conscious sports".

At present, we are still in the process of evolution from "self-directed sports" to "self-conscious sports", and people still have various differences in their understanding of sports. The development trend of world sports and the target model of socialist market economic system reform established in China put forward new requirements for sports practice and theoretical research in China. Seize the opportunity, conform to the world sports development trend, deepen sports reform, establish Socialism with Chinese characteristics sports development model and establish development goals, which is the historical mission entrusted to us by the times.

To sum up, from the three historical evolution processes of "freedom", "independence" and "consciousness", we can see the origin and evolution of sports more clearly. So what is sports? In a narrow sense, physical education is a purposeful and planned educational process to enhance physical fitness and cultivate moral and will qualities through physical activities. It is an integral part of education and an important aspect of cultivating people with all-round development. Broadly speaking, sports is a conscious and organized social activity by means of physical exercise to meet the needs of social politics, economy and the development of human civilization. It is a part of the whole social culture, its development is restricted by the political and economic conditions of a certain society, and its purpose is also to serve the political and economic conditions of a certain society. We have a clear understanding of what sports is, which helps us to further improve our understanding of sports.