Ying Si, Heilongjiang

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a world-famous painting masterpiece, an immortal custom picture scroll and a genre painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. A masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, a first-class national treasure. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a silk version with light color, "24.8 cm high and 528.7 cm long", and the "original" is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. Today, I met Kong Xianyi, a teacher from Kaifeng City, on the Internet. In the second issue of 198 1 Art magazine, he published the article "Questioning the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", listing eight reasons. Others say that The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is autumn scenery, but I think it's wrong. What kind of person is Zhang Zerui? He was an outstanding realistic painter in the late Northern Song Dynasty. How can he make such a serious mistake? According to my family's "Copy" and "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", the discussion is as follows:

First, there is a donkey carrying a 10 basket of charcoal on the right side of the picture. Meng Yuanyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty recorded in "Dream of China in Tokyo": Every October in the lunar calendar, Bianjing began to "put charcoal in the heater, put wine in front of it and have a warm party". "It is against the customs of the Song people to say that Tomb-Sweeping Day set fire to charcoal before and after." Father Meng and Zhang Zeduan lived in the same era. Dream of Tokyo is an important material to study the customs of the capital of song dynasty, and the historical events described should be credible. "

What I saw was a donkey carrying a 10 basket of wood. Look at the basket in front of the first donkey. There are five pieces of wood directly inserted to stop the fire. Two-thirds are in the basket, one-third are outside the basket, and so are the other donkeys. There is also a fourth bridge in the picture. In front of it are five pigs. Under the tree next to the baby, there are three donkeys carrying wooden blocks for sale.

Second, "there is a farm with eggplant and other crops on the fence. What's more interesting is that several children are playing and chasing naked. These are not things in the Qingming period. "

I searched the whole Copy and Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but I couldn't find this scene. However, two children are lying on the wall watching the excitement. Behind them is an empty Luchu vegetable garden. It is clear that two people are watering the land on the lattice pond ridge. There is only one "low hedge" in the whole picture, and an old lady is washing clothes. Everything else is earthen walls.

Third, "there are more than a dozen people with fans on the screen, which are fan-shaped and shaded." Common sense tells people to use fans in dog days, and rarely in early spring. "

It is true that there are many people holding fans in the "copy" of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but it is hard to believe that the fans are covered by the wind. The first person to take a fan is a rider, and on his right is an old man who buys a fan, followed by a small vendor who sells fans. It is located on the roadside under the second bridge in front of the city gate. Most of the people holding fans in the picture are old people. At the end of the picture, there are two old people watching on the left with fans. The painter is an early response to the business opportunities seized by small vendors, and the buyers are also experienced old people or riders from afar.

4. "Straw hats and bamboo hats appear in many places on the screen. Straw hats and bamboo hats are used to resist summer heat and rain. It doesn't rain in the picture. It must be used for sun protection. According to the climate of the capital of song dynasty at that time, it seems unnecessary in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which deserves our suspicion. "

Straw hats should be wide-brimmed hats. First of all, the man wearing a wide-brimmed hat is an officer riding a horse, and the hat has obvious decoration; The second is a woman wearing a wide-brimmed hat, which is shaped like a domestic washbasin upside down on her head and surrounded by a silk curtain besides her face. These two men first appeared with wide-brimmed hats, so they couldn't bring straw hats and bamboo hats, because of their status and status. There are more than fifteen kinds of wide-brimmed hats, which shows that the painter is describing the types of wide-brimmed hats, not "straw hats and bamboo hats".

5. "There are many wine shops in the picture, and the word" new wine "is written on the wine flag, while" Dream of Tokyo "reads:" Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, all shops sold new wine ... drunk and delicious, and the city people competed for it (see Mid-Autumn Festival in the book). "In the Song Dynasty, Xingu came down to brew mash wine to celebrate the harvest, otherwise there would be no new wine."

"New wine" should be "trendy". The words sprinkle and tide can be recognized at a glance on the map. The words "delicious food", "beautiful glory", "big feet" and the word "Yapu" on the cabinet door, together with the high decoration in the room, are really "trendy". Look: Catch up with the new fashion of winning in the Northern Song Dynasty.

6. "There is a small tea stall on the screen that says' Yin Zi under the mouth'. If the word' Xia' in Kou Xia Yin Zi is good, it can explain its season. "

I didn't see it in the "copy" of "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival".

Seven, "there are several vendors on the river bank and the bridge, and there are cut watermelons on the table. In the Song Dynasty, the ancient capital of Bianliang was warm and cold in the early spring, and it was impossible to have fresh fruits such as watermelon. "

It can't be found in the "codex" of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

Eight, "The picture shows a sedan chair, with riders and servants, and a section of the city behind the earth grave. After careful analysis, although these people may go to the grave, it is more appropriate to say that they hunt in autumn, because they may go to the grave all year round. As far as flower arrangement is concerned, it can be solved in spring and autumn. "

According to the saying that "riding a servant in a sedan chair" and "hunting in autumn is more appropriate", the first team can ride a servant in a sedan chair; But is it more appropriate for the old couple to ride a donkey without a servant, the third wife to ride with only one servant, the four teams to ride in sedan chairs with only one servant, and the fifth wife to ride with only one servant? Think about it: on which day or solar term of the year will so many teams go to the suburbs to do the same thing?

9. Bare-armed adults and children say it's autumn. I don't think it's appropriate either. Streaking has its own reasons. The first and second long-distance running was bare-backed, and the third was bare-chested. There are bags and vegetables on the ground. Can you carry heavy objects for a long distance? And the last one with a bare back and a dirty face can't do that?

Ten, the picture came to an abrupt end in the city, which is also around the needs of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Painting again is too far from the point.

Therefore, there is no doubt that the riverside scene on Qingming Festival is in spring.