The Origin and Development of Shuttlecock Kicking is a branch of Cuju. According to the textual research of cultural relics, Cuju originated in the Yellow River valley of Neolithic Age more than 5,000 years ago, and its original form was to hit a stone ball with its feet on the ground.
In ancient times, it was called. Miscellaneous geisha? 、? Zaju? 、? Bo opera? 、? Hundred plays? One kind. Shuttlecock, in ancient books, is also written as cymbals, dice and badminton. The popular compilation volume of Zhai Hao in Qing Dynasty 3 1? Xunzi? Article:? Wu thesaurus added:? Those who evade, throw a kick. Shuttlecock is divided into two parts: shuttlecock thallium and shuttlecock feather. Shuttlecock thallium is mostly made of round lead, tin, iron sheet or copper coins, and shuttlecock feathers are often used. "Yanjing Age" said:? Those who paddle children are padded with leather money, lined with copper coins, tied with carved feathers and tied with belts. ? There are many ways to kick shuttlecock. Ruan Kuisheng's tea talk? Kicking shuttlecock? The article says:? There are hundreds of them. ? It is said that during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a hundred-year-old scholar in Chengde who could kick out 108 kinds of fancy styles such as magpie climbing, golden dragon probing claws and lion rolling hydrangea.
According to historical documents and unearthed cultural relics, kicking shuttlecock was formed in Han Dynasty, and prevailed in Six Dynasties, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng recorded shuttlecock kicking in detail in the book The Origin of Things: Today's children are dressed up with chicken feathers with lead and tin as money, and they are called shuttlecocks. They walk around in groups of three and five, kicking and kicking, which is cheap inside and outside, dragging and scratching, hunching their knees, bulging their stomachs, beads and so on.
Shuttlecock kicking has a long history, but there is no exact record showing when it started. Famous ancient scholars believe that kicking shuttlecock originated from Cuju. For example, Song Gaocheng called kicking shuttlecock "extremes meet"? Cuju's legacy? . And then what? Cuju players, did the rumors about what the Yellow Emperor did begin during the Warring States Period? ("Historical Records? Biography of Su Qin: Pei Zhi cited Liu Xiang), so the history of kicking shuttlecock dates back to the Warring States and even the distant Yellow Emperor era. In the era of the Yellow Emperor, historical events were far from being found. It is not reliable to say that kicking shuttlecock was made by the Yellow Emperor, which means that all the achievements of invention and creation are attributed to the Yellow Emperor alone. When it comes to the Warring States period, there may be some basis, but because kicking shuttlecock is a delicate thing, it is almost impossible to find conclusive evidence of the origin time. Therefore, it is better to start from the Warring States period. Although this is traditionally a historical shadow, what about the bow before the Tang Dynasty? Twist with your hair? (Beginners), similar to shuttlecock feathers, and? Play with your feet? So the bow and the shuttlecock do have some blood relationship. According to the textual research of cultural relics, the image of kicking shuttlecock has been found on the portrait brick of Han Dynasty. According to this inference, kicking shuttlecock originated in the Han Dynasty two thousand years ago at the latest. By the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people had been able to kick shuttlecock skillfully and skillfully. The biography of the eminent monk, which was transmitted by Taoism in the Tang Dynasty, records:? At the age of twelve, Shaman Huiguang kicked shuttlecock in the well of Tianjie for 500 years. Everyone was watching, and there was a loud noise. The Buddha was offended and said: This child has a job in his life. ? (Volume 2 "Xi Chen? A shuttlecock is a shuttlecock, and a reverse kick is a kick with the outside of the foot. Turn? Kick back 500 times, which shows the kung fu on your feet. Shuttlecock kicking even influenced the martial arts of Shaolin Temple, and Shaolin monks used shuttlecock kicking as an auxiliary skill in martial arts.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, kicking shuttlecock became more popular and the skills were more superb. "Ji Yuan of the Afterlife" records:? Nowadays, children treat lead and tin as money, dress up with chicken feathers and call them scorpions. They walked around in small groups, kicking around, cheap inside and outside, dragging guns, hunching their knees, bulging their bellies, beads, scissors and kidnappers. Do you know there are ways to kick shuttlecock while running at this time, and not only with your feet, but also with your knees, abdomen and head? Knee shrug? 、? Sudden belly? 、? Buddha's crown bead? That is. In the Song Dynasty, due to the large number of people kicking shuttlecocks, there was also a small business selling shuttlecocks for a living. The notes carefully written by poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, Old Things in Wulin, Volume 6? Small broker? In this paper, small enterprises dealing in various toys, such as kites, sticky sticks, badminton, pigeon bells, chess and slingshots, are listed in Lin 'an (Hangzhou), the provincial capital. And pointed out that there are dozens of people in each activity, and everyone is committed to food and clothing. ?
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, shuttlecock kicking became more popular and the technology was greatly improved. Pan Rongbi of A Qing Dynasty described the situation of shuttlecock kicking in Beijing folk in Ji Sheng of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty: there were shuttlecock kicking people at Doumen, jumping and jumping, and many people stopped. If the head is on the face and the back is on the chest, a group of people will turn around and fight with each other to avoid falling and learn the stunts in the play. ? Popular series? Kicking shuttlecock? The article says:? Today, Beijing is the most skilled in this drama, with forehead, nose and mouth, shoulders and abdomen, all of which can replace feet. If a person can count his enemies at the same time, he won't be around him all day. ? Because kicking shuttlecock is interesting and pleasing to the eye, it has become the creative theme of artists, especially folk artists. There are pictures of shuttlecock kicking painted by craftsmen on the vase, and the painter also painted the scene of shuttlecock kicking. The picture of kicking shuttlecock in the collection of customs paintings in Qing Dynasty "Hundred Pictures of Beijing Folk Customs" is an existing one.
Shuttlecock kicking is fun, and the amount of exercise can be large or small, so it is available to men, women and children. Especially in Qing dynasty, women kicking shuttlecock attracted more attention. A poem by Zhi Zhu in Beijing sings: Green spring flies to the sky, and I take advantage of my short coat when I am idle. Forget the jade bow and smile at each other, and never come back after saving the flowers. ? At that time, girls loved to play with names. Save flowers? , that is? How many people kicked it? In order to have fun, they take off their skirts and put on their jackets, kicking and laughing, and often don't return at sunset. Chen Weisong, a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "Qinyuanchun", in which the boudoir kicked shuttlecock. Jiao is sleepy, the deep courtyard is clear, and there is nothing. To the end of the corolla, it is a jade feather; Foster mother, test Zhu body. Wrap it gently, let it rotate at the same time, and winnow out the shadow of the wall. Ying Ying people, stunned and cuju, are good at playing chess. The vamp is only a little, and the condition is slippery and loose. Always boast, stand on a golden well, be used to waves and be afraid of flowers. I suddenly recalled the spring suburbs, turned back to yesterday, and helped the railing to pick up my temples. It's thought-provoking that the Yang family has a son-in-law. ? (See Famous Sentences in Qing Dynasty by Chen Naigan) We seem to see a girl in Qing Dynasty kicking shuttlecock in a quiet and deep courtyard. The elaborate shuttlecock dancing up and down is more varied than kicking a ball and more interesting than playing chess.
Jin Fei, Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, liked kicking shuttlecock very much. Her nephew Tang Hai? Recalling the scene of Jin Fei kicking shuttlecock: After lunch break, after eating extra food and tea, Jin Fei personally took us for a walk in the Imperial Garden, but spent more time kicking shuttlecock in the front hall. When kicking shuttlecock, Jin Fei will pull up the hem of the big skirt and put it around her waist, and kick with me and each other. When she kicks herself, the more she kicks, the more energetic she becomes. Sometimes she kicks shuttlecock behind the plaque in the front hall. At this time, the maid-in-waiting came over and took the shuttlecock off with a bamboo pole, and then kicked it. My aunt kicked the shuttlecock in a beautiful posture. She kicked it forward, backward, left and right, and the snow-white shuttlecock spun back and forth at her feet. Eunuchs and ladies-in-waiting cheered beside them. Kim played well! ? That's it, till dinner? (Selected Works of Literature and History,No. 18, edited by CPPCC Beijing Literature and History Information Committee,No. 177).
In the history of China, many cities and rural areas had the custom of kicking shuttlecock, which even became an annual festival? 18 years old? Activities. For example, in Qing Dynasty, Peking man kicked shuttlecock in autumn and winter. What is the reason? One of the pastimes in cold weather? . The Year of Yanjing says kicking shuttlecock? Enough to promote blood circulation and keep out the cold? . There is a nursery rhyme in Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jing:? Yangliuqing, empty clock. Willow, La sudra. Yang, it's a fight. Willow is dead, kicking shuttlecock. ? Qing? Because there is a poem in the laity "New Trust for the Sun":? Willow green and yellow, Tongzhen gathered like crazy. The empty clock is delayed, winter is near, and rackets are kicking around everywhere. ? Whenever the willows wither and the weather is cold, kicking shuttlecock becomes lively. Are there many Chengde outside the Great Wall? A place to kick shuttlecock? In the past, almost every family had a shuttlecock and everyone could kick it. As soon as the new year comes, people get together and play badminton in the street. At this time, colorful butterflies are flying and seem to smell the news of spring. In the Qing dynasty, there was a shuttlecock kicking meeting in Guangzhou on the fifteenth day of the first month. According to the Cantonese Newspeak written by Qu Dajun, a writer in the early Qing Dynasty, during the Lantern Festival, you kick off Wudang Five Immortals Temple, big or small. Those who kick big are ordinary people, while those who kick small are aristocrats. ("Guangdong New Language" Volume 9, "What?" Guangzhou time series). The lively shuttlecock kicking activities add icing on the cake to the Lantern Festival.
Although kicking shuttlecock is regarded in history? Not elegant? what's up Insect carving skills? But because it is healthy and interesting, and more importantly, it is rooted in the Han people, it has gained great vitality and has been a favorite sports game for thousands of years.
The birth and development of modern shuttlecock began in the middle of 20th century, including shuttlecock and shuttlecock kicking. Modern shuttlecock has been actively advocated and strongly supported by the government and all walks of life since it was launched.
By the 1980s, modern shuttlecock was rapidly popularized and widely carried out in factories, schools, institutions and institutions. With the vigorous development of shuttlecock, national and local shuttlecock organizations have been established.
Shuttlecock kicking is a simple fitness exercise.
Xia Chuanshou
First of all, shuttlecock is easy to make. Just use a small piece of cloth, wrap a copper coin and a small goose feather tube with a cross at the lower end, and sew it with needle and thread to form the base; Then insert seven or eight chicken feathers into the upper end of the uncut goose feather tube. Chicken feathers should belong to roosters. They are long, beautiful and easy to kick. There are ready-made badminton in shops or booths, but its base is often rubber, which is elastic and has poor stability after heavy kicking.
Secondly, activities are easy to carry out. It doesn't have high requirements for the site, just a small flat open space, five or six square meters, three or four square meters, and the higher the technology, the wider the requirements for the site. I only need one square meter or even stand on the bench, and I can kick dozens of times.
Secondly, there are many kinds of kicking methods. You can compare the number of times, the time of continuous kicking and the mode of kicking. This paper focuses on several common kicking methods.
First, pure comparison of kicking techniques.
One foot landed and the other kicked. Feet that touch the ground can move or not. Fixed pile? ); The kicked foot can land or not (commonly known as? Hanging? Before the official start of the competition, this legal order of contestants' appearance is often used. Participants can kick in turn, and the winner is the one who kicks more continuously or finishes the task first. Is it okay? Add a pagoda? That is, the first person kicks once, the second person kicks twice, and so on until one of them kicks? Die? So far. ? The deceased? Can you direct? Living people throw their hair? That is, throw the shuttlecock to others by hand until others stop kicking the shuttlecock or you receive a shuttlecock that has been kicked. The game will start again.
Second, the pattern of playing both.
What is the most common? Jump? When throwing shuttlecock, both feet jump up at the same time and kick with one foot. You can jump continuously or jump and kick at the same time. What else is there? Stealing? That is, one foot is on the ground and the other foot is from behind? Sneaking around? Go kick; ? A ring? Jump up with your feet, bend one leg and kick the other; ? Beaten? Jump your feet, straighten one leg forward and kick the other leg; ? Cut? Jump your feet, cut scissors with your legs forward, and kick the shuttlecock with one foot. In addition, you can kick with your back foot intentionally (note: some people are left-handed, and your right foot is your back foot), or kick with your feet alternately.
Finally, two playing methods of children's songs are introduced.
1, Li He, crooked, across the ocean
Sing eight words and kick them eight times in turn. Who sings? Inside, outside, floating, crossing the ocean? Kick each of the five syllables with your right foot and sing? And then what? Kick the back foot inward and sing? Turn? Kick it out with your back foot and sing? Sea? Jump when the time comes. Turn around and see who plays more.
2. A pot bottom, two pot lids, three small handles, four-toothed chopsticks, five nails, six steamed dumplings, seven orchids, eight handfuls, nine noodles and ten dozen flowers.
Sing, kick and do an action. Let the shuttlecock fall in turn: first, straight hand; Second, on the back of the straight hand; Third, the five-finger nest? Small wine glasses? In; Fourth, aim at two straight fingers (Chinese food); 5. On a clenched fist; Sixth, in the palm of your hand; Seven, finger bending and stretching? Blue petals? Open; Eight, grab the hand; Nine, upturned cheeks; Ten, hop. Those who play more are also winners.
"Cihai" said, kicking shuttlecock? It has a good effect on moving joints, strengthening ligaments and developing agility and balance? . I hope interested friends will come to play, and male and female lovers are more welcome to learn from each other here.
The main types of shuttlecock
The first one is our common traditional shuttlecock. Generally, the height of shuttlecock is about 12 cm. The shuttlecock body is made of turkey feathers or carved feathers, and the plastic sheet is used as the base. So it looks more beautiful and has good elasticity. Shuttlecock vertical speed is not too limited. Fly up and down after kicking, and the moves are all controlled by yourself. There are no particularly difficult movements, so it is suitable for people of all ages.
The second is the big shuttlecock. Shuttlecock bodies are mostly based on goose feathers and rubber, and the height is about 17- 18 cm. Different from the traditional shuttlecock, the big shuttlecock is relatively heavy and requires relatively strong skills. If it is a one-legged kick, there is more than 100 action. But in mass fitness, shuttlecock is more suitable for many people to exercise together. Everyone kicks, and I also kick. The kick is stronger, but the action is simple, which can not only exercise the leg strength, but also improve the flexibility of the body.
badminton
There is also a shuttlecock called shuttlecock ball, which is very similar to the big shuttlecock. Badminton consists of four feathers and a rubber base. Most feathers are goose feathers. Shuttlecock kicks with a net, just like playing badminton. After kicking the net, the person on the other side catches it and kicks it again. Shuttlecock is highly competitive and is mostly used in competitions and arenas. It can be one-on-one competition, two-on-two competition, three-on-three competition. In addition, with the development of shuttlecock kicking, some badminton will emit music and light when kicked, which increases the fun of everyone in the process of sports.
The main sports competition of shuttlecock
In the past, when designing the shuttlecock competition, there was a principle of "badminton court, volleyball rules and football movements", but after the actual birth, the last one was gone.
Realization, its basic action is similar to the rattan ball which was born in 1964 and is popular in Southeast Asia. It is very close to Fujitsu in serving, main offensive and defensive actions, and collective project setting. For example, in terms of offensive actions, the two main offensive actions of shuttlecock, "high-footed shuttlecock" and "upside-down instep attack ball", were both popular offensive actions in the 1960s. In defensive action, you are allowed to jump up to block the net and hit the net with your head, which is exactly the same as the rules of rattan ball. Therefore, the shuttlecock management institutions in Guangdong and Shandong provinces in China are all called "Rattan Shuttlecock Association" together with rattan management institutions.
Hua Ting
Shuttlecock is a kind of shuttlecock kicking, which is divided into two categories: prescribed action competition and optional action competition. There are six routines in the prescribed movements: kicking, knocking, falling, looking up and kicking horizontally, while the optional movements are improvised by athletes, which makes the pattern more complicated and more difficult. In the classification of competitions, shuttlecock belongs to "competitive competition", which is completely different from the "antagonistic competition" to which shuttlecock belongs.
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