Tricholoma matsutake and ganoderma lucidum can be eaten, but they have no practical significance for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The usual precautions include the following: (1) Reasonable diet; (2) Moderate exercise; (3) Quit smoking and limit alcohol; (4) psychological balance; (5) self-management; (6) See a doctor on time. First, a reasonable diet 1. The importance of diet for hypertension: food is the most important thing for people. A reasonable diet can make you neither fat nor thin, and your cholesterol is not high or low. 2. Dietary contraindications for patients with hypertension: ① Carbohydrate food: suitable food-rice, porridge, noodles, noodles, Ge Fen, soup, taro and soft beans. Foods that should be avoided-sweet potatoes (food that produces abdominal qi), dried beans, and biscuits with strong flavor. (2) protein foods-beef, lean meat, white meat fish, eggs, milk, dairy products (fresh cream, yeast milk, ice cream, cheese), bean products (tofu, natto, bean powder, oily tofu) should be avoided-fatty foods (pork belly, ribs, whales and herring of cattle and pigs). Foods that should be avoided in salad dressing-animal oil, lard, bacon, sardines soaked in oil ④ vitamins and mineral foods-vegetables (spinach, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, lily roots, pumpkins, eggplant and cucumbers), fruits (apples, oranges, pears, grapes and watermelons), seaweed and fungi should be cooked before eating. Foods to be avoided-vegetables containing hard fiber (burdock, bamboo shoots and beans) and vegetables with strong irritation (spicy vegetables, parsley, mustard greens, onions and mustard greens) ⑤ Other foods suitable for eating-light fragrant tea, yeast milk drinks-spices (peppers, curry powder), alcoholic drinks and salt. Three dietary habits that patients with coffee hypertension should pay attention to ① First, we should control energy intake, advocate eating complex sugars, such as starch and corn, and eat less glucose, fructose and sucrose. These sugars are monosaccharides, which can easily lead to high blood lipids. ② Limit the intake of fat. Choose vegetable oil when cooking, and you can eat more marine fish. Marine fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, thus reducing plasma cholesterol, prolonging platelet aggregation, inhibiting thrombosis and preventing stroke, and contains more linoleic acid, which has a certain effect on increasing microvascular elasticity, preventing vascular rupture and preventing hypertension complications. ③ Appropriate intake of protein. The daily protein of patients with hypertension is per kilogram of body weight1g. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve blood vessel elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thus lower blood pressure. If hypertension is complicated with renal insufficiency, the intake of protein should be limited. ④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium but low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp and lettuce. Foods with high calcium content: milk, yogurt and shrimp skin. Eat less broth, because the increase of nitrogen-containing extract in broth can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver and kidney. ⑤ Limit the salt intake: it should be gradually reduced to less than 6g every day, that is, after the rubber pad is removed from the ordinary beer lid, the salt in a flat lid is about 6g. This amount refers to the amount of salt, including the total amount of sodium converted into salt in edible salt and other foods. Proper reduction of sodium intake is helpful to lower blood pressure and reduce the retention of sodium and water in the body. 6. Lots of fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat no less than 8 Liang of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 Liang of fruits every day. ⑦ Appropriately increase the intake of seafood: such as kelp, laver, seafood fish, etc. Second, the importance of moderate exercise to hypertension: There is a saying: "You can exchange health for money when you are young, and you can exchange health with exercise when you are old." Exercise can not only promote blood circulation, reduce cholesterol production, but also enhance the stiffness of muscles, bones and joints. Exercise can increase appetite, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, prevent constipation and improve sleep. Have the habit of continuous exercise: it is best to do aerobic exercise to assist. Aerobic exercise can lower blood pressure and lose weight, such as walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan, cycling and swimming. 1. Precautions for exercise: ① Don't be too strong or tired, and increase the activity gradually. 2 pay attention to the surrounding environment and climate: summer: avoid the time when the sun shines at noon; Winter: Keep warm to prevent stroke. Wear comfortable and sweat-absorbent clothes: Choose cotton fabrics and sports shoes. ④ Choose safe places: such as parks and schools, not in the driveway or roadside. ⑤ When exercising, don't eat on an empty stomach to avoid hypoglycemia. It should be 2 hours after dinner. 2. Exercise contraindications ① Stop exercising when you are sick or uncomfortable ② Don't exercise immediately if you are hungry or one hour after meals ③ Don't stop exercising, and follow the steps of exercise program ④ If you feel uncomfortable during exercise, you should quit smoking immediately. Studies have shown that after smoking a cigarette, the heart rate increases by 5 -20 beats/min, and the systolic blood pressure increases by 10-25mmhg. Why is this? Because nicotine contained in tobacco leaves will excite the central nervous system and sympathetic nerve, make the heart rate faster, and at the same time, it will also prompt the adrenal gland to release a large amount of catecholamine, which will make the arterioles contract and lead to an increase in blood pressure. Nicotine also stimulates chemoreceptors in blood vessels, which reflexively leads to an increase in blood pressure. Long-term heavy smoking will also promote atherosclerosis of the aorta, and the intima of the arteriole will gradually thicken, which will gradually harden the whole blood vessel. At the same time, because the content of carbon monoxide hemoglobin in smokers' blood increases, the oxygen content in blood decreases, the intima of arteries is anoxic, and the oxygen content of arterial wall fat increases, which accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, quitting smoking for people without hypertension can prevent the occurrence of hypertension, and people with hypertension should quit smoking more. Compared with smoking, the advantages and disadvantages of drinking alcohol are controversial. From time to time, there are various reports, some say that a small amount of drinking is beneficial and some say it is harmful, but one thing is certain, a large amount of drinking is definitely harmful, and high concentration of alcohol will lead to arteriosclerosis and aggravate high blood pressure. Fourth, psychological balance The psychological manifestations of hypertensive patients are nervousness, irritability and emotional instability, all of which are the incentives for high blood pressure. Patients can cultivate good adaptability to the natural environment and society by changing their own behavior, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, and be calm when things go wrong; When you have a lot of mental stress, you should find ways to release it, talk to your relatives and friends or encourage you to take part in relaxing extracurricular activities, and devote your spirit to music or flowers to keep you in the best state, so as to keep your blood pressure stable. 5. Independent management 1. Blood pressure should be measured regularly, at least once every 1-2 weeks. 2. To treat hypertension, we should adhere to the "three hearts", that is, confidence, determination and perseverance. Only in this way can we prevent or delay the damage to important organs of the body. 3. Take antihypertensive drugs regularly, and don't reduce or stop taking them at will. It can be adjusted under the guidance of a doctor and combined with the current condition to prevent blood pressure from rebounding. You can bring your own sphygmomanometer and learn to test your blood pressure yourself. In addition to taking appropriate drugs, we should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, pay attention to diet, exercise properly, keep emotional stability and get enough sleep. 6. The blood pressure of the elderly should not be rushed, and the blood pressure should be controlled at 140- 159mmhg to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. 7, the elderly and taking norepinephrine nerve endings blocking drugs to prevent postural hypotension 8, there is no need to strictly prohibit sexual life: pay attention to the following situations, it is not appropriate to have sexual life, 1 Don't have sexual intercourse immediately after drinking, 2 should prohibit sexual life, 3 If you feel dizzy, chest tightness and other discomfort, stop sexual life and seek medical advice in time. See a doctor on time ① After taking the medicine, the blood pressure rises or falls too low, and the blood pressure fluctuates greatly ③ If you have symptoms such as dizziness, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia, aphasia, disturbance of consciousness, dyspnea and limb fatigue, you should see a doctor immediately. If the situation is critical, please call 120 emergency center for help. Hypertensive tea is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people. Patients should not only insist on drug treatment, but also often drink Chinese medicine to make tea, which can also play a good auxiliary treatment role. Chrysanthemum tea: All chrysanthemums should be chamomile, not bitter, especially the big white chrysanthemum or small white chrysanthemum produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou. Drink about 3 grams of tea each time, 3 times a day; You can also drink tea with chrysanthemum, honeysuckle and licorice, which has the special effects of calming the liver and improving eyesight, clearing away heat and detoxifying. Has obvious curative effect on patients with hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Hawthorn tea: Hawthorn contains ingredients that can help digestion, dilate blood vessels and lower blood sugar and blood pressure. At the same time, drinking hawthorn tea regularly has obvious auxiliary effect on treating hypertension. The drinking method is to make tea with fresh hawthorn fruit 1-2 tablets several times a day. Lotus leaf tea: Chinese medicine practice shows that soaking and decocting lotus leaves can dilate blood vessels, clear away heat and relieve summer heat, and lower blood pressure. At the same time, lotus leaf is a good medicine for reducing fat. The drinking method for treating hypertension is: wash and chop half a piece of fresh lotus leaf, add appropriate amount of water, and let future generations drink tea after boiling. Sophora japonica tea: Take Sophora japonica buds to dry, soak them in boiling water and drink them as tea several times a day, which has a unique therapeutic effect on patients with hypertension. At the same time, Sophora japonica also has the function of contracting blood vessels and stopping bleeding. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Tea: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Has the effects of reducing blood lipid and thrombosis. People with hyperlipidemia often drink Polygonum multiflorum tea, and the effect is very obvious. The preparation method is to take 20-30g of Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, add water, decoct for 30min, and take it as tea after cooling, one dose per day. Pueraria lobata tea: Pueraria lobata has the function of improving blood circulation in the brain, and has a good relieving effect on symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, backache and leg pain caused by hypertension. Drinking Pueraria lobata tea regularly has obvious curative effect on treating hypertension. Its preparation method is to clean pueraria lobata and slice it into thin slices, 30 grams a day, and then boil it with water for drinking. Lotus plumule tea: The so-called lotus plumule refers to the turquoise germ in the middle of lotus seeds. It tastes extremely bitter, but it has excellent blood pressure lowering and fat removing effects. Using lotus plumule 12g and boiling water for future generations to drink tea, once in the morning and once in the evening, can not only lower blood pressure, but also have special effects of clearing away heat, calming the nerves and strengthening the heart. Cassia seed tea: Semen Cassiae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipid, clearing liver and improving eyesight. Drinking cassia seed tea often has special effects on hypertension. Soak 15-20g cassia seed in water several times a day, which is a wonderful product for treating hypertension, dizziness and blurred vision. Mulberry mistletoe tea: Chinese herbal medicine Mulberry mistletoe is an essential medicine for tonifying kidney and blood. The clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine shows that Sangjisheng decoction instead of tea has obvious auxiliary effect on the treatment of hypertension. The preparation method of Herba Taxilli tea is to take dried Herba Taxilli 15g, decoct 15min, and drink it once every morning and evening. Corn silk tea: Corn silk not only has a good effect of lowering blood pressure, but also has the functions of stopping diarrhea, stopping bleeding, diuresis and nourishing stomach. Make tea and drink it several times a day, 25-30 grams each time. Clinically, it is especially effective for edema and hypertension caused by corn stigma nephritis. Dietotherapy for hypertension 1. Hawthorn porridge raw material hawthorn 30 ~ 40g japonica rice100g sugar10g. First, stir-fry hawthorn in a casserole into thick juice, then remove the residue, and then add japonica rice and sugar to cook porridge. Usage can be taken as a snack between meals, not on an empty stomach, with 7 ~ 10 days as a course of treatment. Has effects in invigorating spleen, regulating stomach, promoting digestion, resolving food stagnation, and removing blood stasis. It is suitable for hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dyspepsia in children. 2. Taoren porridge raw material 10 ~ 15g japonica rice 50 ~ 100g. First, pound the peach kernel into mud, add water to grind juice to remove residue, and cook it with japonica rice into porridge. Usage: 65438+ 0 times a day, 5 ~ 7 days as a course of treatment. Efficacy: promoting blood circulation and dredging channels, resolving phlegm and relieving pain. Suitable for hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, etc. Avoid excessive dosage; Pregnant women and people with loose stools should not take it. 3. carrot porridge raw materials: fresh carrots and japonica rice. Production: Wash and chop carrots, put them in the pot with japonica rice, add appropriate amount of water and cook until the rice is thick. Use hot food for breakfast and dinner. This kind of porridge tastes sweet and easy to deteriorate. It needs to be cooked and eaten now, not cooked for a long time. Efficacy: invigorating spleen and stomach, lowering qi and relieving depression, improving eyesight, lowering blood pressure and diuresis. It is suitable for hypertension, dyspepsia, chronic dysentery, night blindness, rickets in children, malnutrition, etc. 4 Corn tortillas are made of 450g new corn flour, 200g brown sugar, 4g edible alkali, 50g cooked lard 15g and 50g fermented flour. Production: Mix baking powder and corn flour with appropriate amount of water to form dough, and then ferment. After fermentation, add the above other raw materials and knead them evenly, then cover them with a wet cloth and simmer for one hour. Knead the dough repeatedly, put the whole piece into a steamer and knead it flat, and steam it for about 25 minutes on high fire. After coming out of the cage and cooling slightly, cut it into blocks or diamonds with a knife and eat it at will. Has the effect of regulating appetite, and is suitable for hypertension, hemoptysis and other diseases. 5 raw materials of sago (kiwi) porridge are sago 100g, kiwi 200g and sugar 100g. Soak that washed sago for 30 minute, draining, peeling kiwi fruit, and cutting into soybean-sized dice with a knife; Bring the sago to the boil, turn to medium heat after the water is boiled, and put other raw materials into the pot and cook it slightly. It has the effects of nourishing, strengthening body constitution, relieving fever and quenching thirst, and is suitable for middle-aged and elderly people suffering from diseases such as hypertension and hepatitis. 6. The raw materials for storing peanuts in lotus roots are 1 kg, 200 to 300 grams of peanuts, and appropriate amount of sugar. Cut one end of the lotus root node and pour in peanuts. After filling, fix the cut lotus root at the incision with a bamboo stick, put it in a pot and soak it in cold water. Cook for 2 hours on medium heat until the lotus root is crisp and cooked, and then squeeze 2 bowls of juice. When eating, cut into thick slices with a knife twice a day, accompanied by sugar. Has the effects of invigorating spleen, moistening lung, stopping bleeding and resolving phlegm, and is suitable for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary methods of patients with hypertension: 1. Three meals should be arranged in small quantities to avoid satiety; Patients with hypertension are often obese and must eat low-calorie food. The total heat should be controlled at about 8.36 megajoules per day. Daily staple food150-250g, with animal protein and plant protein accounting for 50% and 50% respectively. Hypertensive patients without nephropathy or gout can eat more soybeans, peanuts, black fungus or tremella and fruits. Dinner should be light and light, too much greasy food can induce stroke. Edible oil should be vegetable oil containing vitamin E and linoleic acid; There is no candy. Eat more high-cellulose foods, such as bamboo shoots, green vegetables, Chinese cabbage, wax gourd, tomato, eggplant, bean sprouts, jellyfish, kelp, onions, and a small amount of fish, shrimp, poultry meat, skim milk powder, egg white and so on. 2. The amount of salt that each person eats every day should be strictly controlled at 2-5g, which is about one spoonful. The amount of salt should also be subtracted from the sodium contained in the boiled soy sauce. 3 ml of soy sauce is equivalent to 1 g of salt. Salted vegetables (sauces), fermented bean curd, bacon (eggs), pickled products, clam shells, dried shrimps, preserved eggs, chrysanthemums, grass heads, water spinach and other vegetables are all high in sodium, so we should try to eat less or not. 3. Foods high in potassium and rich in potassium can resist the pressure increase and blood vessel damage caused by sodium, and can often "show their faces" in recipes. This kind of food includes beans, mushrooms, black dates, almonds, walnuts, peanuts, potatoes, bamboo shoots, lean meat, fish and poultry, root vegetables such as amaranth, rape and green onions, and fruits such as bananas, dates, peaches and oranges. Fish No matter what kind of hypertension patients, fish is the first choice, because epidemiological survey found that people who eat fish once a week have significantly lower heart disease mortality than those who don't eat fish. 5. Fruits and Vegetables The human body needs B vitamins and vitamin C every day, and it can be satisfied by eating more fresh vegetables and fruits. Some people argue that eating 1-2 apples a day is good for health, and fruits can also supplement calcium, potassium, iron and magnesium. 6. Calcium supplementation Some people let hypertensive patients take 1 g of calcium every day, and after 8 weeks, they found that their blood pressure dropped. Therefore, we should eat more foods rich in calcium, such as soybeans, sunflower seeds, walnuts, milk, peanuts, fish and shrimp, red dates, fresh potherb mustard, garlic sprouts, seaweed and so on. 7. Iron supplementation research found that the plasma iron in elderly hypertensive patients is lower than normal, so eating more iron-rich foods such as peas and fungus can not only lower blood pressure, but also prevent anemia in the elderly. 8. Drinking natural mineral water contains essential trace elements such as lithium, strontium, zinc, selenium and iodine. After boiling, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc beneficial to human body will be obviously reduced, so it is suitable for drinking water that meets the standard. Tea contains tea polyphenols, and the content of green tea is higher than that of black tea. It can prevent the oxidation of vitamin C, help the utilization of vitamin C in the body and eliminate harmful chromium ions. In addition, it also contains trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and fluorine. Therefore, brewing 4-6 grams of tea every day (equivalent to 2-3 cups of tea bags) is beneficial to the human body for a long time. The above dietary principles will be beneficial to health if patients with hypertension can implement and persevere. Nine. Scientific diet and stable blood pressure. Although essential hypertension cannot be cured, it can be effectively controlled. A reasonable diet helps to keep blood pressure stable. A reasonable diet refers to a diet with high cellulose, low salt and low fat, and should eat more fruits, vegetables and grains. First of all, you can use salt-free condiments to make food more delicious and eat less processed foods, because these foods contain more sodium and salt. Secondly, caffeine contained in some drinks such as cola can raise blood pressure for a period of time, while drinking a small amount of red wine every day, such as a glass a day, can lower blood pressure, but excessive drinking will aggravate high blood pressure. In addition, the researchers found that vitamins and trace elements also help to lower blood pressure. I suggest you eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as potassium in bananas, which will help lower blood pressure. Studies have also proved that daily intake of 800 mg of calcium and 300 mg of magnesium is beneficial to the treatment of hypertension. Many kinds of rapeseed, nuts, soybeans, peas and dark vegetables are rich in calcium and magnesium.