The series of articles "Learn Chinese Medicine from scratch with doctors" aims to make non-Chinese medicine professional readers and the general public understand the basic principles of Chinese medicine, master the corresponding core operations, and use the knowledge of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine, acupuncture and other related knowledge to deal with common health problems in daily life safely, reasonably and effectively, highlighting the truly effective preventive health care and even treatment role of Chinese medicine.
Today, Dr. Yu will study with you: the related content of Twelve Dermatology.
Terminology of basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the meridian theory, the twelve meridians and its collaterals have their corresponding areas on the body surface according to their traveling routes, which are divided into twelve parts, namely twelve skin parts. According to the meridian theory, the twelve meridians and its collaterals have their corresponding areas on the body surface according to their traveling routes, which are divided into twelve parts, namely twelve skin parts.
As Su Wenpi said: "If you want to know the skin, you should take the meridians as the discipline." The Twelve Skin Divisions are the division of the twelve meridians and its affiliated collaterals on the body surface, and also the spreading place of the twelve meridians Qi.
As the division of the twelve meridians's body surface, the twelve skins are different from the meridians in that the meridians are distributed linearly and the collaterals are distributed in a network, while the skins focus on the division of "face", and their distribution range is generally in the part where the meridians circulate and wider than the meridians.
The function of skin is mainly to resist external evils and transmit information. When foreign evil invades, Wei Qi, which is located on the skin surface and scattered in the skin, will play its defensive role. The skin part belongs to the twelve meridians, while the twelve meridians "belongs to the viscera".
Therefore, pathogenic factors in the skin can be transmitted to zang-fu organs through meridians, and pathological changes of zang-fu organs and meridians can also be reflected on the corresponding skin. Observing the color and morphological changes of skin in different parts can diagnose some diseases of viscera and meridians; Applying, warming moxibustion and hot ironing to a certain part of the skin can treat visceral diseases, which is the application of skin theory in diagnosis and treatment.
Su Wen's Theory of Spleen Rupture: "Anyone who has the twelve meridians has spleen rupture." Also known as "Twelve Skin Parts" and "Skin Parts". The skin parts of the meridians with the same name on the hands and feet are combined into six meridians according to the "Up-Down Same Method", each with its own proper name: Sun as the pivot, Shaoyang as the pivot, Yangming as the harm, Taiyin as the thorn, Shaoyin as the Confucian pivot (one is waxy) and Jueyin as the shoulder harm.
In the division of twelve skins. It is full of collaterals, so every statement in Su Wen Pi Lun says that part of it has floating collaterals, and the twelve parts are floating collaterals. The focus is on the distribution of meridians. The spread of pathogenic factors from the outside to the inside or between meridians will lead to abnormal reactions such as pain, redness, itching, sensitivity, spots and scratches in the corresponding parts of the twelve skins, thus becoming an important part of the diagnosis and judgment of the disease location in the meridian theory. So Su Wen Piren said, "If you want to know that the skin is based on meridians, all meridians are natural."
Twelve barks are more widely distributed on epidermis than on the twelve meridians. The twelve meridians is distributed linearly, and the twelve skins are distributed in sheets or strips. In the middle of the head and a part of the side head, mainly the hinge; In the temporomandibular region, it is mainly pivoting; On the face and neck, it is mainly harmful; On the back and waist, as long as it is a closed pivot; Chest and abdomen are harmful to Confucianism; In the lateral chest and abdomen, it mainly pivots; The upper limb extends from the radial direction to the ulna, which is harmful to cockroaches and pivots and closes the pivot respectively; The flexion of upper limbs is from radial side to ulnar side, which are closed sting, shoulder injury and pivot Confucianism respectively; The lateral side of the lower limb is from front to back, which is harmful and pivotal; Super Zhe, Shoulder Injury, and Pivot Confucianism are the inner parts of the lower limbs. The rear side of the lower limb is a hinge.
Twelve skins are nourished by the qi and blood flowing through the twelve meridians and its collaterals; Twelve skins protect the twelve meridians and his veins, as well as various organs and viscera of the whole body, transmit all kinds of information from the external environment to the body at any time, and perform the functions of self-adjustment and adaptation to external changes, playing the role of keeping the outside and protecting the inside. This is the meaning of "yang, external defense, internal fixation" mentioned in wrath of heaven. Wei Qi plays an important role here. The fur is mainly lung, and the function of skin is to keep warm by the healthy qi proclaimed by lung. The expanding function of the skin is helpful for the lungs to absorb and remove polluted air. Some diseases occur because of the imbalance of defensive qi, exogenous pathogenic factors disturbing fur, or meridians and veins passing through meridians, or finally reaching the six internal organs and five internal organs. "Therefore, the beginning of all diseases must precede fur, evil will open, and when it opens, it will enter the collaterals ... the side branches will change color ... the color will be greener, the pain will be darker, yellow and red heat, white and cold, and all five colors will be seen, so it is cold and hot." It can be seen that skin is a barrier for human self-protection, a breakthrough point for exogenous pathogens to invade, and a window to reflect syndromes from the inside out when zang-fu organs are sick.
The practical application of skin theory is quite extensive, including not only the guidance of various external treatments including acupuncture, but also the clinical diagnosis based on syndrome differentiation. The establishment of the differentiation of six meridians in Treatise on Febrile Diseases and the establishment of the differentiation system of Wei, Qi, Ying and Blood in Treatise on Febrile Diseases are inseparable from the skin theory. Applying skin theory to diagnosis and syndrome differentiation is not limited to observing the color of collaterals, but also can look at skin, visual form, feeling and resistance. Acupoint location and its various stimulation and treatment operations often involved in acupuncture clinic are also inseparable from the skin. In particular, all kinds of moxibustion methods in ancient acupuncture methods, such as pricking, cupping, acupoint sticking, half-needle, burr, winding needle, lifting needle, straight needle and floating needle, as well as ear needle, scalp needle and various skin needles, are more closely related to the skin. It can be seen that the skin theory is of special significance to the acupuncture department in clinic.