Olympic medals and special sports students are no longer the "trump cards" for extra points, while "three good students" and "excellent cadres" are gradually fading ... The new college entrance examination reform plan stipulates that extra points for special students such as sports and art will be cancelled from this year. The local college entrance examination plus points shall be determined by the provincial people's government and reported to the Ministry of Education for the record. In principle, it is only applicable to the enrollment of colleges and universities affiliated to this province (autonomous regions and municipalities).
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Education that all the national bonus points have been adjusted in place as required this year, and the local bonus points will be reduced from 95 in 20 14 to 35 in 20 18, with a reduction rate of 63%. There are 30 provinces to reduce and standardize the implementation plan of college entrance examination plus points, which have been reported to the Ministry of Education for the record.
"Fairness is the core spirit of college entrance examination reform," said Chen Zhiwen, editor-in-chief of China Education Online. "The cancellation or reduction of college entrance examination points is to minimize fraud."
Independent enrollment is conducted after the unified examination.
This year's new college entrance examination reform plan stipulates that "independent enrollment arrangements will be carried out after the national unified college entrance examination", which makes many candidates and parents feel that "the burden is reduced".
Chen Zhiwen said: "On the premise of the greatest common denominator of college entrance examination results, the possible' operation' space for independent enrollment can be reduced."
Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, believes that this reform highlights the authority and importance of the unified college entrance examination, and indeed reduces the autonomy of both candidates and universities to a certain extent. However, there are still some colleges and universities that may contact some middle schools "privately" in advance, aiming at top students in advance.
Since 2003, the country has started to carry out pilot enrollment in 90 colleges and universities, and the number of candidates admitted through independent enrollment channels accounts for about 5% of the total enrollment of pilot colleges and universities every year. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that 90 colleges and universities participating in the pilot program of independent enrollment this year have all publicized the approval list of independent enrollment in 20 15 years, and the independent enrollment assessment was postponed to about two weeks after the end of the national unified examination and before the results were announced.
Cheng, a professor at China Renmin University, believes that compared with the unified college entrance examination, independent enrollment in colleges and universities is more flexible, and it is more difficult to grasp the management, supervision and information symmetry than the unified examination. This adjustment also makes the quality of independent enrollment in colleges and universities more fully based and more reasonable on the whole.
Classified examination in higher vocational colleges
According to the deployment of the new college entrance examination reform plan, students who pass all kinds of classified examinations in 20 15 years are expected to account for half of the total enrollment of higher vocational colleges.
The so-called classified examination is explained in detail in the Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System as follows: the examination enrollment of higher vocational colleges is relatively separated from that of ordinary colleges, and the evaluation method of "cultural quality+professional skills" is implemented. Secondary vocational school graduates apply for higher vocational colleges and take part in the examination combining cultural foundation with vocational skills. Ordinary high school graduates apply for higher vocational colleges, take part in vocational adaptability tests, and use high school academic level test scores for cultural quality scores, with reference to comprehensive quality evaluation. Students can also take the unified college entrance examination and enter higher vocational colleges.
Cheng said that on the one hand, the reform adjusted the proportion of subject knowledge and professional skills knowledge in the examination, on the other hand, it increased the proportion of secondary vocational students applying for higher vocational education (in the past, this proportion was limited to 5%), which not only further expanded and strengthened the function of the college entrance examination, but also promoted the further integration of the vocational education system.
Experts estimate that if classified enrollment is successfully implemented, more than 4 million candidates will no longer take the "single-plank bridge" of the college entrance examination every year, which can theoretically alleviate the dual pressure of individual and national examination systems.
Chen Zhiwen emphasized that the starting point of implementing classified examination in higher vocational colleges is to effectively reduce the academic burden of most students, but it remains to be seen whether it can really meet the expectations. "It is very likely that some candidates and parents are unwilling to go to higher vocational colleges and finally choose to take two exams."
18 provinces use national unified proposition papers.
The latest announcement of the Ministry of Education: The number of provinces that use the national unified examination paper this year will increase from 15 last year to 18.
"The unified national proposition can ensure the hierarchy and scientificity of the proposition, and can also minimize the' missing questions' in the middle of the proposition." Chen Zhiwen said.
The proposition of provincial autonomy in college entrance examination began in 1989, and was first piloted in Shanghai. 20 14 years, 6 sets of provincial and municipal propositions14.
Cheng said that there are several important reasons for the return from the provincial proposition of some provinces and cities to the unified proposition of most regions. First, to ensure the quality of the universal proposition test, some provinces that once made their own propositions still have problems or deficiencies; Second, unifying the proposition is more conducive to embodying fairness and reducing the difficulty difference of the proposition itself. The key is to fully adjust the relationship between "standard score" and "admission score" in marking papers and enrolling students, so as to make the examination admission more fair and reasonable.
The president of the university issued the admission notice.
The new college entrance examination reform plan puts forward the establishment of enrollment accountability system. From 20 15, the principal will issue the admission notice and be responsible for the admission result.
"It is an international practice for the principal to issue the admission notice." Chen Zhiwen said. "Constantly strengthening the accountability system for enrollment is to' tighten the strings' for relevant responsible persons in colleges and universities and put an end to offside and abuse of power in the enrollment process.
The reporter learned that in 20 15 years, all the admission notices issued by the presidents of colleges and universities across the country will be in place. At the same time, the Ministry of Education requires all local colleges and universities to strictly implement the principle of "ten openness" of college enrollment information and 26 bans on college enrollment as required, and repeatedly affirm the red line of enrollment.
The new college entrance examination reform plan also proposes that colleges and universities can implement third-party supervision over enrollment by hiring social supervisors to inspect school examinations and admission sites.
Full implementation of parallel volunteer admission and filing.
This year, according to the deployment of the college entrance examination reform plan, 365 and 438+0 provinces will fully implement the admission and filing of parallel volunteer. The so-called parallel volunteer, for example, a province stipulates that candidates can fill in six volunteers in the first batch, so these six volunteers are the "first volunteers" in the parallel relationship.
Although parallel volunteer intended to prevent many candidates who failed to choose for the first time from "slipping" to the next batch, it also caused new worries for candidates and parents. For example, in Beijing, where parallel volunteer is implemented for the first time this year, many parents told reporters that this method will allow more outstanding candidates to gather in key universities and put forward higher requirements for volunteering skills.
Since parallel volunteer was first piloted in Hunan in 2003, 28 provinces and cities have successively implemented parallel volunteer.
Cheng believes that parallel volunteer provides a variety of choices for candidates and reduces their psychological burden, which is a good reform design.
Chu pointed out that parallel volunteer has reduced the number of candidates who failed to register in a certain section, but it has also caused some new problems. For example, many candidates put their personal interests and hobbies in the second place when filling in their volunteers, which may lead them to go into a misunderstanding in their academic planning.
"parallel volunteer's original intention is to maximize the role of the score' ruler' and reflect the efficiency and fairness of selecting talents in the college entrance examination." Chen Zhiwen said: "Colleges, middle schools and social organizations should strengthen guidance on major setting, academic planning and candidates' interests, and try their best to help every candidate fill in more suitable and ideal volunteers. "