Acute phase of dietotherapy for myocardial infarction (1): You must stay in bed absolutely within 3 days after onset. After onset 1 ~ 3 days, liquid diet is the main diet, and a small amount of vegetable water, deoiled filtered broth, jujube paste soup, rice soup, porridge, fruit juice, lotus root starch and oral rehydration can be given. All flatulent and irritating solutions are not suitable for eating, such as soybean milk, milk, strong tea and coffee. The total amount of rehydration is about1000 ~1500ml/24h, and it is administered in 5 ~ 6 times. 500 ~ 800 kcal per day is appropriate. Avoid overheating and cooling to avoid arrhythmia. A low-salt diet is generally recommended, especially for patients with heart failure. However, because urinary sodium loss is common after acute myocardial infarction, if sodium salt is excessively restricted, shock can also be induced. Therefore, it must be adjusted according to the condition. In addition, for patients who cannot take it orally, parenteral nutrition can also be supplemented according to the needs of the disease. For patients with acute myocardial infarction, because they can't move, the function of spleen and stomach will be affected, so the food must be soft and easy to digest. (2) Remission period: within 4 days to 4 weeks after onset. With the improvement of the disease, you can gradually change to semi-liquid food, but you still need a small amount of meals. In the late acute phase, the total heat energy can be increased to 4200 ~ 5040 kilojoules (1 000 ~ 1 200 kilocalories). The diet should be light, nutritious and digestible. Porridge, cereal, light milk, lean meat, poultry, vegetables and fruits are allowed. Food should not be overheated or too cold, eat less and eat more meals, and keep the gastrointestinal tract unobstructed at all times to prevent excessive stool. After 3 ~ 4 weeks, with the patients gradually recovering their activities, the diet can be relaxed appropriately, but the intake of fat and cholesterol should still be controlled, and sodium should still be limited for patients with hypertension or chronic heart failure. Obese people should eat less. Full meals (especially when eating a lot of fat) should be avoided, because it can cause the recurrence of myocardial infarction, which may be related to the increase of blood lipid after meals, the increase of blood viscosity, which leads to slow local blood flow and the easy aggregation of platelets, which leads to thrombosis. On the other hand, diet should not be restricted too much, so as not to cause malnutrition and increase the mental burden of patients. (3) Recovery period: 4 weeks after onset, with the increase of activity after the illness became stable. Generally, the daily heat can be maintained at around 1000 ~ 1200 calories. Adequate high-quality protein and vitamins are beneficial to the repair of damaged parts. Milk protein, lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, etc. All of them are edible, especially green leafy vegetables and fruits are foods rich in vitamin C, which are beneficial to the body and should be eaten regularly. The daily diet also contains a certain amount of crude cellulose to keep the stool unobstructed and avoid forced defecation. In addition, to prevent recurrence after the recovery period, the dietary principles should also include maintaining an ideal weight to avoid full meals, controlling the intake of fat and cholesterol, and preventing the increase of blood viscosity and platelet aggregation. Quit smoking and drinking, if accompanied by hypertension and chronic heart failure, limit sodium. (4) Pay attention to the balance between water and electrolyte. The water content in food should be considered together with the amount of drinking water and infusion to adapt to the load capacity of the heart. If the patient is accompanied by hypertension or heart failure, sodium should be limited, but it is also observed that sodium is lost in urine after acute myocardial infarction, which should be adjusted according to blood biochemical indexes. Some people study the nutritional metabolism of ischemic myocardium and think that magnesium has a good protective effect on ischemic cardiomyopathy. A certain amount of magnesium in diet may help to reduce the incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction. Adults need 300 ~ 400 mg/day of magnesium, and the food sources are colored vegetables, millet, flour, meat and seafood. As we all know, potassium will affect the excitability and conductivity of myocardium, and hypokalemia is prone to arrhythmia, so it should be noted that if hypokalemia occurs, diet should be adjusted. (5) Acute myocardial infarction with cardiac insufficiency often leads to gastrointestinal dysfunction, and more attention should be paid to diet. Before 1 ~ 2 days, only light liquid diets such as hot water juice, rice soup, honey water and lotus root starch were given. 6 ~ 7 times a day, each time 100 ~ 150 ml. If the patient's heart rhythm disorder is improved and the pain is relieved, he can gradually increase some diets, such as lean meat, steamed egg white, and thin rice porridge. With the recovery of the disease, the diet of coronary heart disease can be used for 6 weeks after illness, but the diet still needs to be soft and digestible. (6) Pay attention to the diet in the high-incidence season. Late autumn and winter are the high incidence seasons of myocardial infarction. In addition to keeping warm and cold, you should also eat some mild and nutritious foods with the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, especially all kinds of medicated porridge. The diet of patients with old myocardial infarction can refer to the diet arrangement of general coronary heart disease. Living a quiet life in Shaanxi, I can cope with everything calmly; Take part in appropriate sports activities. Nutrition and dietotherapy ● Taking a fiber-containing diet and water-soluble dietary fiber can help reduce the cholesterol content in the blood. This fiber exists in barley, beans, brown rice, fruits, glucose, mannitol, guar gum and oats. Oat bran and brown rice bran are the best choices for lowering cholesterol. Because fiber absorbs minerals in food, it needs to be supplemented with minerals, but it cannot be used with fiber at the same time. The following foods are also good choices: almond fruit, beer yeast, cereal, raw goat milk and raw goat milk products, sesame seeds. ● Try to reduce the intake of vitamin D, and don't get vitamin D from high-fat dairy products, which may easily lead to arterial blockage. Homogeneous products such as milk and other dairy products should be avoided. These homogeneous products contain xanthine oxidase, which will destroy arteries and cause arteriosclerosis. Do not drink alcohol, coffee wine, coffee, beer, cigarettes and other irritating substances, which should be eliminated. Avoid cod liver oil, especially when drinking. Drink as little as possible, only distilled water. ● Drinking highland barley water is good for your health. Add 1 cup of barley to about 3 liters of water, boil for 3 hours, and sip frequently. ● Don't eat red meat, delicate condiments, pigs, cattle, mutton, finely seasoned food, sugar and white flour. Refined sugar causes various changes in blood sugar and harmful reactions of all cells. Sudden changes in blood sugar will threaten the stability of intracellular sugar. Cholesterol contained in red meat is a taboo for patients with arteriosclerosis. Supplementing essential fatty acids is very important for health. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be made in the body and do not need food supply. The three essential fatty acids are linolenic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. ● Eating low-temperature compressed vegetable oil Good fat is polyunsaturated fat, that is, all vegetable oils that are liquid at room temperature. Use only low-temperature compressed oil. The so-called low-temperature compression means that it is not heated above 43℃ in the manufacturing process, which is the temperature at which the enzyme begins to destroy. Olive oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, soybean salad oil, linseed oil, primrose oil and black vinegar millet oil all contain unsaturated fatty acids, which belong to polyunsaturated fats; It is also a good edible oil. ● Supplemental nutrients ① The dosage of choline, lecithin and inositol should comply with the product instructions; Take 1 tablespoon lecithin before meals. These substances help to remove fat from the liver and blood. ② coenzyme Q 10 daily 100 mg. Improve oxygen and myocardial function. (3) The sun and copper are 300 micrograms and 3 milligrams per day. Heart disease is related to lack of selenium and copper. ④ Vitamin E capsules or liquid or emulsion can be used, initially 200IU, and gradually increased to 800IU per day. (5) calcium and magnesium (clamping mixture) daily 1500mg and 1000mg. Take it several times between meals and before going to bed. Helps maintain normal heart rate and blood pressure. ⑥ Garlic essence 2 capsules, 3 times a day. It is good for the heart and promotes blood circulation. 500 milligrams a day. Lowering blood lipid and preventing heart disease. High fat content is a precursor of coronary heart disease. ⑧ The amount of unsaturated fatty acids (evening primrose oil or salmon oil) shall conform to the product description. Protect myocardial cells. Pet-name ruby vitamin A emulsion dosage according to the product specification. Important antioxidants. Attending zinc clamp mixture 50 mg per day. Zinc is an essential element for balancing copper and promoting thiamine. Attending vitamin C plus biological yellow point 300 ~ 600 mg per day. Helps clear blood and prevent thrombosis. Attending vitamin B group plus thiamine (B 1) and choline vitamin B group 50 mg three times a day. Choline daily 1000 mg. Thiamine deficiency in myocardium can lead to heart disease. Beneficial natural herbs such as black radish, false tree, chelidonium majus, dandelion, fennel, ginkgo (ginkgo), hawthorn fruit, hops, equisetum, Irish moss, lobelia chinensis, celery, clover and rose hip are all helpful to treat myocardial infarction. Treatment: [Formula 1] Raw Pollen Typhae, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Allium macrostemon, Fructus Trichosanthis each 15g, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Semen Persicae, Carthami Flos, Oletum Trogopterori 9g each, Notoginseng Radix and Amber 3g each. Decoct with water twice a day, 1, and take it after meals. [Formula 2] Chicken leg meat 150g, ginseng 15g and Ophiopogon japonicus 25g. Wash and peel the chicken leg meat, add appropriate amount of cold water, simmer for 10 minute, then simmer the clean medicine until the meat is rotten, add a little salt and monosodium glutamate, and serve. This prescription is suitable for shock caused by myocardial infarction. It has the functions of resuscitation, anti-stress and anti-shock. [Square 3] 1 lemon and 10 horseshoe. The last two flavors are decocted in water, edible and drinkable, and are effective after being taken frequently. [Formula 4] 500g rabbit meat, 5g hawthorn, 8g salt, ginger, onion, cooking wine 10g, 5g sugar color and 3g monosodium glutamate. Wash and cut rabbit meat into pieces, put it in a casserole and cook it with hawthorn. Seasoning salt, ginger, onion, cooking wine, sugar, monosodium glutamate. This dish is bright red in color, full of fragrance, delicious in meat and delicious in wine and rice. Function: spleen and stomach, qi and blood. Suitable for people who are old and weak, weak after a long illness, and dare not eat less, especially the elderly. In addition, hawthorn has a lasting effect of dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and strengthening the heart, and can increase pepsin and lipolytic enzymes, so it is most suitable for the elderly with cardiovascular diseases. [Formula 5] Auricularia auricula 15g, pork leg 50g, tofu 2g, vegetable oil, refined salt, yellow wine, soy sauce, rice vinegar, mashed garlic, douban hot sauce, pepper, spicy oil and monosodium glutamate. Soak Auricularia auricula in warm water for 65438 0 hours; Removing impurities after expansion, washing, and soaking in cold water for later use; Wash pork, cut into pieces, add salt, yellow wine and soy sauce and mix well for later use; Cut tofu into small cubes; Take an oil pan, put 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil, heat the oil over medium heat, pour in chopped human flesh and garlic, stir-fry until fragrant, then add fungus and bean paste, stir-fry for 3 minutes, add a bowl of clear soup or clear soup, pour in tofu, and add a little refined salt; Bake for 10 minute, add starch paste, rice vinegar, pepper powder, spicy oil and monosodium glutamate, and stir to form soup; Boil it and put it in a bowl to accompany the meal. This recipe has the effects of regulating middle energizer, invigorating qi, nourishing kidney and stomach, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and eliminating cold and dampness. In recent years, it has been proved that this dish has good anti-coagulation effect and has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on vascular embolism and myocardial infarction. [Formula 6] Ginseng and Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata are 6g each, Ramulus Cinnamomi12g, Oletum Trogopterori and Pollen Typhae10g, Asari 6g, Rhizoma Corydalis and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae10g, and poppy husk12g. Remove the tablets with less red tongue coating and add Ophiopogon japonicus10g; Alpinia officinarum 10g and piper longum 12g were added for fear of cold, and Suhexiang Pill or Guanxin Suhe Pill, Musk Baoxin Pill and Xiao Su Jiuxin Pill were taken. And use salvia miltiorrhiza or compound salvia miltiorrhiza injection for intravenous drip. Daily 1 dose, decocted in water. This recipe can warm yang, replenish qi, promote blood circulation and relieve pain, and is suitable for patients with myocardial infarction accompanied by severe chest pain, chest tightness, anxiety, spontaneous sweating, cold limbs, pale complexion, pale lips and tongue, and deep and thin pulse. [Formula 7] Radix Astragali and Radix Codonopsis each 10g, Rhizoma Polygonati 12g, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata 6g, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 9g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Flos Carthami 6g. If chest pain is obvious, cassia twig, aconite root and codonopsis pilosula are added for ginseng; Red tongue and little body fluid, plus Polygonatum odoratum, Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Ophiopogonis. Decoct with water, daily 1 dose, twice. This prescription is suitable for myocardial infarction caused by qi deficiency and blood stasis. Symptoms are fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, chest tightness or chest pain, palpitation, spontaneous sweating, pale complexion, thin white fur, dark purple tongue, weak or intermittent pulse. 【 Formula 8 】 Melon Basket 10g, White 12g, Pinellia ternata 9g, Shell 9g, Chuanxiong 6g, Fructus Amomi Poria 10g, Salvia miltiorrhiza 9g, Radix Curcumae 12g and Hawthorn 10g. Decoct with water, 1 dose, twice a day. If you are mentally exhausted and short of breath, add Ginseng or Radix Pseudostellariae; Vomiting with agastaches and ginger juice; Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Caulis Bambusae, Bupleuri Radix and Artemisia annua can be added for dry mouth, bitter taste, yellow greasy fur and body heat. For patients with abdominal distension and constipation, reuse the whole melon basket and add senna, mirabilite or rhubarb as appropriate; If you are delirious, add Rhizoma Acori Graminei, concretio silicea Bambusae, alum water and Radix Curcumae, and take Suhexiang Pill. This recipe can eliminate phlegm and stop vomiting, promote blood circulation and dredge collaterals, and is suitable for myocardial infarction caused by phlegm and blood stasis. The main clinical symptoms are chest tightness and fullness, or chest pain, nausea, anorexia, sticky mouth, lethargy in limbs, turbid fur, purple tongue and slippery pulse. [Formula 9] 9 grams of Ginseng, 0/2g of Ophiopogon japonicus/kloc-,0/2g of Radix Rehmanniae, 9 grams of Polygonum cuspidatum, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis. If the tongue is bare without coating, tortoise plastron, carapax Trionycis, Dendrobium and Radix Panacis Quinquefolii are added; For dry stool, Radix Scrophulariae, Fructus Cannabis, Semen Cucurbitae, and Folium Sennae are added. Cortex Moutan, Cortex Lycii, Herba Artemisiae Annuae and Carapax Trionycis are added for body heat. Decoct with water, daily 1 dose, divided 1 time. This prescription is suitable for myocardial infarction caused by deficiency of both qi and yin, with symptoms such as fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, dry mouth, hot flashes, red face, dark or bright lips, tongue without coating and weak pulse. [Square 10] 250g tender cock, cooking wine 10g, celery 75g, soy sauce 10g, appropriate amount of winter bamboo shoots, appropriate amount of refined salt, 20g pepper, a little monosodium glutamate, 30g thin soup, 0.5g ginger, 0.4g sugar, 0.3g vinegar and 0.25 bean paste. Chop pepper, cut celery into sections, chop ginger into fine powder, and cut winter bamboo shoots into thin strips; Add12mg of water into the dough powder, and mix into wet dough powder; Cut chicken into small cubes and mix well with semi-wet flour, soy sauce, cooking wine and salt in a bowl; The other half of wet flour, white sugar, monosodium glutamate, broth and part of soy sauce are blended into flour blocks; Stir the chicken pieces in a hot oil pan until the chicken turns white. When the water is dry, add winter bamboo shoots, bean paste, ginger, etc. Stir-fry with fast fire, then add the chopped celery, stir-fry for a while, pour in the prepared powder, stir-fry until the powder is cooked. It contains protein 54g, fat 54.4g, sugar 12g, heat 754kcal, calcium 193mg, phosphorus 493mg, iron 12.6mg, carotene 0.4mg, thiamine 0.08mg, riboflavin 0.25mg, and nicotinic acid/kloc-0.