1931September 18, the Japanese army provoked the September 18th Incident, occupied the northeast of China and concocted the puppet Manchukuo. After the Japanese army occupied the Northeast, it extended its talons to North China and attempted to instigate "North China autonomy". 1in June, 936, the Japanese emperor approved the new imperial national defense policy and military force application program, and publicly declared his ambition to control East Asia and the Western Pacific and eventually dominate the world. On August 7, Japan's Five-phase Meeting adopted the national policy benchmark, which specified the strategic plan of invading China, invading the Soviet Union and waiting for the southward advance. At the same time, according to the annual invasion plan of 1936, the invasion plan of 1937 was made. 1936 Since May, Japan has successively sent more troops to North China, constantly creating troubles and frequent military exercises, and the situation in North China has become increasingly severe. At that time, the garrison of China, which was guarding the Peiping-Tianjin area, was the 29th Army, and Song, the commander of the army, was also the chairman of the Jicha government affairs committee.
1936, the Japanese troops stationed in North China occupied Fengtai by despicable means and set the next target at Lugouqiao. On the eve of the July 7th Incident, the north, east and south of Beiping were controlled by the Japanese army: the north was part of the Kwantung Army deployed in Jehol and Chadong; There are about 40 thousand people in 8 divisions of the puppet Mongolian army controlled by the Kwantung Army in the northwest; To the east is the pseudo "Jidong Defence Autonomous Government" and its pseudo-security team of about17,000 people. To the south, the Japanese army has occupied Fengtai, forcing China troops to retreat. In this way, Lugou Bridge has become the only channel for Beiping to open to the outside world, and its strategic position is even more important. In order to occupy this strategic place, cut off the traffic between Beiping and the south, and then control the authorities of Hebei Province, so that North China can be completely separated from the central government of China, the Japanese army has been conducting provocative military exercises near Lugouqiao, and a storm is coming. 1 On the afternoon of July 7th, 937, the Japanese North China Guard1The 8th Squadron of the 3rd Brigade of the United Front, led by Captain Masataka Shimizu, went to the area between Huilongmiao and Dawayao, which was close to China's garrison station in Lugouqiao. At 7: 30 in the evening, the Japanese army began to exercise. At 22: 40, the Japanese army claimed that gunfire came from the exercise area and a soldier (Shimura Kijiro) was "missing", and then forcibly entered the ancient city of Wanping, the garrison station in China. The 2 1 10 brigade of the 37th Division in 29 army, China refused. While deploying the battle, the Japanese army pretended to negotiate with China under the pretext of "artillery fire" and "missing soldiers". At around 24: 00, Jicha authorities received a phone call from Taihei Matsui, the head of the Japanese secret service in Peiping. Matsui said: Yesterday, the Japanese army was practicing outside Lugouqiao. When they heard the gunshots, they immediately stopped the team and found a soldier missing. The gunman suspects are China's troops stationed in Lugouqiao. They believe that the gunman has entered the city and demand an immediate search in the city. The Chinese side allowed Japanese soldiers to enter the city in the middle of the night, which may cause local unrest. While the Chinese officers and men were sleeping, the gunshots were not issued by the Chinese side, so they refused. Soon, Matsui called the authorities in Kyrgyzstan and said that if the Chinese side did not allow it, the Japanese army would forcibly search the city. At the same time, the authorities in Kyrgyzstan received a report from Lugouqiao, a garrison in China, saying that the Japanese army had formed a siege attack on the ancient city of Wanping. In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, the authorities of Hebei Province, after consultation with the Japanese side, agreed to jointly send personnel to Lugouqiao for investigation. At this time, the "missing" soldiers claimed by the Japanese side have returned to the team, but they have not been reported. At about 5: 00 am on July 8, the Japanese army suddenly launched a shelling. China's No.5 29 army Command immediately ordered the front-line officers and men: "Be sure to hold the Lugou Bridge and the ancient city of Wanping", "Lugou Bridge, the grave of your class, will live and die with the bridge and cannot retreat." The 3rd Battalion of 2 19 Regiment, which guards Lugou Bridge and Wanping Ancient City, rose under the command of its head Ji Xingwen and battalion commander Jin.
After the Japanese army provoked the July 7th Incident, it aroused strong repercussions throughout the country. On the second day of the July 7th Incident, the China Producer Party Central Committee electrified the whole country and called: "All China compatriots, Tianjin is in danger! North China is at stake! The Chinese nation is at stake! Only when the whole nation conducts the war of resistance is our way out! " And put forward "don't let Japanese imperialism occupy every inch of China!" "The last drop of blood protects the country!" Loud slogans. Chiang Kai-shek put forward the policy of "not yielding, not expanding" and "not seeking war, but seeking resistance to Japan". Chiang Kai-shek once called Song and Qin Dechun (the second deputy commander of the 29th Army and the mayor of Beiping) and others, saying that "the ancient city of Wanping should stick to it" and "Lugouqiao and Changxindian must not be lost".
On July 17, 2007, Chiang Kai-shek made a speech in Lushan, pointing out that "the Lugouqiao Incident has reached the last moment of concession" and "there is no chance of compromise. If we give up our land area and sovereignty, we will be sinners of the Chinese nation. " 29 army, who fought bravely against the enemy in the Battle of Lugouqiao, was warmly supported by all walks of life in the country. People from all over the world have organized groups and sent letters of condolence and gifts. Students from Peiping and Tianjin organized field service groups to rescue the wounded and transport ammunition to the front; Residents in Lugouqiao area send water, meals and military supplies to the troops; Changxindian railway workers quickly built air-raid shelters and dug holes in the walls to help the army stick to the ancient city of Wanping; The Overseas Chinese Federation also called for encouraging 29 army to make persistent efforts. After the July 7th Incident broke out, the Japanese attack met with stubborn resistance from the China army. Seeing that the attempt to occupy the Lugou Bridge could not be realized, the Japanese army played a conspiracy of "local negotiations". On the one hand, they wanted to bring China to heel through negotiations, on the other hand, they wanted to buy time for sending troops in the name of negotiations.
1 1,1On July 9, 9, the agreement reached between the Japanese garrison in North China and the Hebei authorities was proved to be a dead letter by the intermittent gunfire of Lugou Bridge. "On-the-spot negotiation" won the Japanese army time to send more troops to North China, but it blinded the attention of Hebei authorities, delayed the preparation of the 29 th Army, and brought great harm to the anti-Japanese war in Peiping and Tianjin. By July 25th, more than 60,000 Japanese troops had assembled in Peiping and Tianjin. After the deployment of Japanese troops in North China was basically completed, in order to find a new excuse for further launching the war of aggression against China, the Langfang Incident and the Guang 'anmen Incident were deliberately created on July 25th and 26th.
On the afternoon of 26th, the defenders in North China issued an ultimatum to 29 army, demanding that all defenders in China withdraw from the Peiping-Tianjin area before 28th, or they will take action. Song Yan refused, and on the 27th, he issued a declaration to protect the country and defend the country against Japan. On the same day, with the approval of the Emperor, the Japanese General Staff Department ordered the Japanese North China Guard to launch an attack on 29 army, and transferred about 200,000 people from five divisions from China, and issued a formal combat mission to the commander of the North China Guard to Yueqing: "Responsible for crusade against the China army in Ping Jin." A bloody battle between Tianjin and Hebei is inevitable. China's army then rose up to resist, wiped out the golden road, and the strong men hated the country.
On the morning of July 28th, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Beiping as scheduled. At that time, Kiyosuke Kiyosuke commanded the 20th Division of the Korean Army which had assembled around Beiping. The Kwantung Army was independently mixed into 1 and1brigade, and the infantry brigade stationed in China was about 1000. Under the cover of 100 cannons, armored vehicles and dozens of planes, we headed for Nanyuan, which was stationed in the suburbs of Beiping. The first batch of 29 army soldiers stood up in their respective stations and wrote an unyielding battle song. Nanyuan is the focus of the Japanese attack. More than 8,000 people of the 29th Army stationed in Nanyuan (including more than 65,438 people+more than 0,500 military training students trained in Nanyuan) fought bloody battles. Tong, the deputy commander of the first 29 army, and Zhao Zhuanglie, the division commander of 132, died, and many students of the military training regiment also gave their young lives in the battle.
On the night of 28th, Song left Beiping, and on 29th, Beiping fell. In the early morning of 29th, Zhang Qingyu, the captain of Jidong Security Team 1 Corps, and Zhang Yantian, the captain of the Second Corps, launched an uprising in Tongxian County. Anyway, they fought against Japan, killed hundreds of people, including the head of Tongxian secret service, and captured the traitor Yin Rugeng alive (later escaped).
On July 29th, 29 army 38th Division, led by Li Wentian, the deputy commander, launched the battle of Peiping and Tianjin. The 38th Division attacked the Japanese army in Tianjin Railway Station and Guang Hai Temple, and captured many people. However, it was bombarded by Japanese planes and suffered heavy casualties, so it was ordered to retreat. On the 30th, Tianjin fell.
/question/ 12 193298 . html？ md=3
References:
/question/ 12 193298 . html？ md=3