New urbanization is the intelligent development road of "reform+innovation".
Building a smart city is a means, not a goal. Its orientation, direction and relevant measures should be based on the background of the in-depth development of urbanization in China and serve the' two hundred years' proposed by the central government and the great goal of realizing the Chinese dream. In the past 30 years, China's urbanization has solved two world-class problems: one is to build a driving force for sustained economic growth, and the other is to steadily build and operate public services. The scale of the city is constantly expanding, and the urban population is also growing rapidly. 20 1 1 year, the urban population of China historically exceeded 50%. The rapid urbanization process has had a far-reaching impact on the development of China, but it has also laid various hidden dangers for urban management and development. For example, large-scale population movement brings dynamic population structure, and it is difficult to balance the supply and demand of urban space; The relationship between the city and the environment is more tense; The pressure inside the city is increasing, and the traditional urban development and governance model is facing great challenges.
At present, China still has an urbanization growth period of 15-20 years, and the urbanization process between the east and the west is not consistent, which provides a valuable time window for the transformation and development of China. However, we should also realize that the growth rate of urbanization will tend to slow down, which will lead to the failure of investment leverage based on growth expectations and the inability to continue the experience of land finance; The traditional economic power based on capacity expansion tends to shrink, and the foreign trade-driven model cannot continue; The factors supporting urbanization are tightening, and low-cost expansion cannot continue; The social foundation of urbanization has changed, and welfare asymmetry is difficult to maintain the quality of public services. The efficiency of urban internal operation under the traditional governance model is becoming more and more limited. Obviously, the old development model can no longer meet the requirements of urban development. A "smart city" that achieves maximum development with minimum resource investment and minimal intervention has been highly anticipated by people and has become a "good prescription" to solve various urban problems. For example, Yinchuan's administrative examination and approval process reform, Guiyang's data cage, Yichang's grid management and other unique innovation models are the development path of "reform+innovation" under the guidance of demand-oriented, problem-oriented and goal-oriented smart cities, which has been recognized by everyone.
Informatization is a means, not the ultimate goal.
Undeniably, in the process of creating smart cities, some people have a wrong understanding of smart cities and unilaterally think that smart cities are information construction. In fact, in the process of intelligently promoting new urbanization, informatization is only a means, not the ultimate goal. We need to correctly understand the connotation of smart city. In 20 14, the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Smart Cities jointly issued by eight ministries and commissions pointed out that smart cities are new ideas and new models to promote the intelligentization of urban planning, construction, management and service by using new generation information technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data and spatial geographic information integration. The core of smart city construction is "city", not "wisdom". Its purpose is to promote the wisdom of urban construction, planning and management through information technology, so as to achieve better results. To understand a smart city, we must first correct the "five views";
The first is the strategic view. Urban problems are complicated, so we should have a strategic vision and grasp the core issues. Finding the wrong problem means using limited resources in the wrong place. The first step to realize wisdom should be to realize the wisdom originally planned, and the subsequent remedial measures can only get twice the result with half the effort.
The second is the system view. Many problems are caused by many factors, and it is often ineffective to solve only one of them. Time process factors, executor factors, institutional mechanism factors, user factors and so on may have an important impact. To really solve the problem, we must consider the whole system as a whole. If we only pay attention to the construction of information systems and ignore other aspects, smart cities will certainly fail. We must prevent "smart applications" from becoming "useless wisdom".
The third is the overall view. The construction of smart cities must not rely on the government to fight alone. Only by combining the strength of government, society, enterprises and citizens can it be realized. Now the government should follow the trend, do something, treat market innovation with an inclusive attitude, and actively guide and stimulate the vitality of market players.
The fourth is the moderate view. Each city does not need to pursue all aspects of the wisdom index, nor does it need to try to solve all the problems of a system, but should focus on solving several key problems according to its own actual situation.
The fifth is the concept of practice. There is more than one way to solve urban diseases. We need to compare, solving problems in the most labor-saving and efficient way is the real wisdom, and beware of falling into the "technical trap".
Chou Baoxing, counselor of the State Council and chairman of China Urban Science Research Association, once pointed out that there are three touchstones to test the authenticity of smart cities: whether urban diseases can be diagnosed and treated; Can you save energy and reduce emissions? Can we improve urban governance? These are the keys to measure the success of smart cities.
Building a smart city and doing top-level design correctly
The construction of smart city is a systematic project, which needs scientific and reasonable top-level design to promote the construction process of smart city as a whole. But in practice, we found that the top-level design in some places is often prone to problems. For example, the demand subject is misplaced, and the top-level design reflects the information needs of the government, not the fundamental needs of urban development; Lack of long-term consideration, in the absence of forward-looking and holistic strategy, the planning scheme centered on recent projects can easily cause new troubles in the future; Misjudge the status of technology and regard technology as the core of smart city; And short-sighted development, lack of citizen perspective and neglect of independent innovation ... These problems continue to ferment, which often greatly reduces the "wisdom" of the city. Therefore, the top-level design should be carried out correctly. First of all, we must trace back to the source and do a correct top-level design. The whole planning system of smart cities can be divided into four levels. The first is the policy and mechanism design of smart cities, which can stimulate the maximum market power and development potential with minimum intervention and minimum resource investment. The second is the strategic planning of smart city development, which puts forward the vision, realization path and overall layout of smart city development from the overall height of the city, condenses the core highlights of smart city construction, and plans to implement the guarantee strategy. The third is the smart city construction action plan. On the basis of long-term strategy, put forward the phased implementation scheme and operation mode of key projects, as well as the planning of industrial development and investment projects. Fourth, information architecture design, establishing system structure, functional design and application system construction ideas. Only the first two levels can be called top-level design. Second, the goal should be clear and closely related to the strategic needs. Closely following the macro-trend of socio-economic environment development and the characteristics of local resources, this paper deeply analyzes the opportunities and challenges, advantages and disadvantages faced by the city, and truly integrates the concept of smart city into the urban development strategy. Third, know when to change and look forward to the future of the city. As a strategic plan, the top-level design of a smart city must be based on the judgment of the future state of the city. Finally, gather wisdom and stimulate social innovation. It is necessary to proactively consider the possible contributions of the market and citizens other than the government. We should remove obstacles and create conditions for social innovation. Looking forward to the future, it is still necessary to sort out and reconfigure the investment in urban informatization, open data resources to promote innovation, promote the construction of information infrastructure through PPP mode, realize modernization of governance through informatization, support urban planning and major decisions with big data, and pay close attention to key areas such as refined digital urban management platform and intelligent infrastructure to intelligently promote the construction of smart cities.
Jin Peng Information Smart City Solution