Lu Ban invented many things. It is recorded in many ancient books, such as The Pearl, The Origin of Everything, and A Textual Research on Ancient History. He thinks that many tools and appliances used by carpenters were created by him, such as square (also called Lu Banchi), and it is said that Mo Dou, planer, drill, chisel, shovel and other tools were also invented by Lu Ban. The invention of these woodworking tools liberated craftsmen from the primitive and heavy labor at that time, and the labor efficiency was doubled, and the civil technology took on a brand-new look. Later, in memory of this famous master, people regarded him as the ancestor of China folk craftsmen.
Before the middle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, folk craftsmen had been engaged in primitive and heavy labor. It was not until a great inventor used his wisdom to create many clever tools that they were freed from those boring jobs. He is Lu Ban. Luban is one of the outstanding civil construction craftsmen in ancient China, and also an outstanding inventor with many creations in legend. For more than two thousand years, it has been regarded as the "founder" by folk craftsmen and respected and commemorated by people.
You may think it's nothing when you see Mo Dou, planer, drill, chisel, shovel and other woodworking tools used at home, but in the slave society more than 2,000 years ago, these were great inventions, and it is precisely because of these inventions that the labor efficiency of carpenters has been doubled and the civil technology has been completely renewed. Lu Ban, surnamed Gong Bo, is a native of Lu. Because "Xiang" and "Ban" are homophonic and common in ancient times, people often call him Lu Ban. Lu Ban was born in the 13th year of Zhou Dynasty (507 BC) and died in the 25th year of Zhou Zhenping (444 BC). This is a period of high socio-economic development of slavery in China, and it is also a historical period of the transition from slavery to feudalism. At that time, urban architecture and water conservancy work had already reached a considerable scale, and iron tools had gradually extended to various social production fields, which greatly promoted the development of social production. The development of social production provided a material basis for the disintegration of slavery and the formation of feudalism. The rule of slave owners and nobles declined day by day, and slave uprisings and riots broke out one after another. The government handicraft industry controlled by slave owners was broken, and many handicraft slaves were liberated, so independent individual craftsmen appeared. It is said that Luban was a slave craftsman who was liberated during this period, so he had the freedom to travel and work everywhere.
Ruban Yi Xue
When Luban was young, he decided to study in Zhong Nanshan. He bid farewell to his parents, rode his horse straight to the west, climbed mountains and ran for 30 days in a row. There is no road ahead, only a towering mountain. I'm afraid Zhong Nanshan has arrived, thought Lu Ban. There are thousands of winding paths on the mountain, which one should I go up? Lu Ban was in a dilemma when he saw a hut at the foot of the mountain and an old lady sitting at the door spinning. Lu Ban led the horse forward, bowed and asked, Laonai, which way should I go to Zhong Nanshan to learn from my master? The old lady said: there are 999 roads here, and the middle one is it. Lu Ban quickly thanked him. He counted 499 from the left and 499 from the right, chose the middle road, got on his horse and ran up the hill.
When Lu Ban reached the top of the mountain, he saw a roof in the Woods. As he approached, he saw three bungalows. He gently pushed open the door, and the room was full of broken shafts and rotten planes, and there was no room for a pin. An old man with white hair and beard stretched out his legs and slept on the bed, snoring like a drum. Lu Ban thought that this old master must be a fairy who is proficient in carpentry. He put the broken axe and plane into the wooden box, and then sat on the bench, waiting for the master to wake up.
It was not until the sun went down that the master opened his eyes and sat up. Lu Ban stepped forward, knelt on the ground and said, Master, please accept me as a disciple. The master asked, what's your name? Where did it come from? Lu Ban replied: My name is Lu Ban, and I come from Lujiawan, ten thousand miles away. The master said: I want to test you. If you get it right, I will accept you. How can you go back and forth if you answer wrong? Lu Ban said unhurriedly, I can't answer today, and I will answer tomorrow. When the answer came out, the master accepted me as an apprentice. The master stroked his beard and said, how many big rafts are there in three ordinary houses? How many spoons? How many purlines? How many rafters? Lu Ban opened his mouth and replied, there are three general houses, four large rafters, four two rafters, fifteen purlins and 240 rafters. I counted it when I was five. Is that correct? The master nodded his head gently. The master then asked: Some people can learn a trade in three months, while others can learn it in three years. What is the difference between studying for three months and studying for three years? Lu Ban thought for a moment before answering: After studying for three months, the craft is rooted in his eyes; After studying for three years, the craft is rooted in my heart. The master nodded gently again. The master then asked the third question: two disciples learned the craft and went down the mountain. The master gave each of them an axe. The first apprentice earned a golden hill with an axe, and the second apprentice carved a name in people's hearts with an axe. Which apprentice do you want to learn from? Lu Ban immediately replied: I am willing to learn the second one. Lao shifu laughed when he heard this. Old Master Q said, well, if all your answers are right, I have to accept you. But to learn from me, you have to use my people. But this guy, I haven't used it for 500 years. You can have it repaired.
Lu Ban took out the guy in the wooden box and saw that the axe was cracked, the plane was full, and the chisel was bent and bald. It's time to clean. He rolled up his sleeves and ground them on a millstone. He grinds all day and night until his arms are sore and his hands are soaked with blood. The tall and thick grindstone grinds like a crescent moon. After seven days and seven nights of grinding, the axe was sharpened, the chisel was sharpened, and everything was shining. He handed them to the master one by one and the master nodded. The old master said, try this axe you sharpened. You can cut down the big tree in front of the door. That big tree has been growing for 500 years. Lu Ban took an axe and walked under the big tree. This big tree is so thick that several people can't hold it; Looking up, it was almost day. He swung his axe and cut it for twelve days and nights before he cut down the big tree. Ruban picked up an axe and went into the house to see his master. The master said, Try this plane you grinded. First you cut the big tree into a big bucket with an axe, and then you plane it with a plane. It should be bright enough to leave no burr and round to the moon of fifteen.
Lu Ban turned and came to the door with an axe and a plane. He cut off the branches of the tree with one axe and one axe, and planed the knots on the trunk again and again. It took twelve days and twelve nights to grind the shovel round and bright. Luban went into the house with an axe and a plane to see the master. The master also said, try this chisel you grinded. You drilled 2400 holes in the vat: 600 square holes, 600 round holes, 600 blunt holes and 600 flat holes.
Lu Ban picked up the chisel and axe, came to the shovel and began to chisel. He dug one eye and the other, only to see sawdust splashing. Twelve days and twelve nights, 2400 eyes were chiseled: 600 squares, 600 circles, 600 dulls and 600 flats. Lu Ban went to see the master with a chisel and axe. The master smiled. He praised Lu Ban and said, Good boy, I will teach you all my skills! After that, he led Lu Ban to Westinghouse. So it's in the west room? Many models, including buildings, pavilions, bridges, towers, tables and chairs, boxes and cabinets, are various and exquisite, which dazzles Lu Ban. The old master said with a smile, you have to take these models apart and reassemble them. Each model has to be disassembled and installed once. If you concentrate on your studies, you will learn this craft well. The master said that and went out. Ruban picked up this and looked at that, reluctant to put it down. He took the models one by one in his hand, turned them over, carefully disassembled and reassembled them three times. I can't eat or sleep every day. The master came to see him in the morning, and he was thinking; Come to see him at night, he is still thinking. The master urged him to sleep, but he casually agreed, but did not put down the model.
Lu Ban studied hard for three years and learned all his skills. The master will try him again, destroy all the models and let him rebuild. From memory, he did everything exactly as before. The old master put forward many new models for him to build. He pondered and did it, and the result was made in the style that the master said. Master is very satisfied.
One day, the old master called Lu Ban to his eyes and said to him, Disciple, three years have passed, and you have learned your skills. It's time to go down the mountain today. Lu Ban said: No, my craft is not perfect. I will study for another three years! The master said with a smile, you can learn while doing in the future. The axe, plane and chisel I sharpened for you. Take it! Lu Ban could not bear to leave the master, but he knew that the master would not keep him. He cried and said, what should I leave for my master? The master smiled again. He said, Master doesn't need anything, as long as you don't lose Master's face and reputation. Lu Ban had to bid farewell to the master and went down the mountain with tears in his eyes. He always remembered his master's words, built many bridges, machinery, houses and furniture with the axes, planes and chisels that he gave him, taught many disciples and left many touching stories, so later generations respectfully called him the founder of carpentry. You may remember the article in the primary school textbook about Lu Ban's invention of the saw. Legend has it that one year Luban accepted a big task-building a big palace. This requires a lot of wood, but the project deadline is very tight. Lu Ban's disciples went up the mountain to cut firewood every day, but there was no saw at that time, so they had to cut it with an axe. The efficiency is too low, and the disciples are tired every day, but the wood is still far from enough, which delays the progress of the project. At that time, failure to complete the task of slave owners would be severely punished. Luban was in a hurry and personally went up the mountain to inspect. When he went up the mountain, he occasionally pulled out a handful of weeds growing on the mountain and his hand was cut at once. Lu Ban wants to know why a blade of grass is so sharp. He broke the grass and observed it carefully. He found many small teeth on both sides of the grass, and his hand was cut by these small teeth. Since grass teeth can cut my hands, iron bars with many small teeth should be able to saw through trees. So, with his idea and the help of metal craftsmen, Lu Ban made the world's first saw-an iron bar with many small teeth. He sawed trees with this simple saw, which was really fast and labor-saving, and the saw was invented. Whether this story is true or not, we can get such a revelation from this story: practice makes true knowledge and research wisdom.
Everyone's success has internal and external influences. The continuous progress of Luban's craft is inseparable from his own efforts and the help of his family. Lu Ban was born into a family of artisans for generations. Since childhood, I have participated in many civil engineering projects with my family, gradually mastered productive labor skills and accumulated rich practical experience. Do you know: the small hook used to draw ink lines is also called "plank wood", and the bayonet against the wood when planing wood is also called "plank axe"? Why? It turns out that Lu Ban's mother and wife are also engaged in productive labor, which helps Lu Ban a lot. It is said that the origin of "Ban Mu" is like this: When Lu Ban was doing carpentry and paying off debts with Mo Dou, it was his mother who pulled the ink line. Later, after many experiments, the mother and son tied a small hook to the ink line. When paying-off, hook one end of the wood with a small hook, which can replace the hand pull and be operated by one person. From now on, I don't have to ask my mother to help me play with chalk lines. Later, carpenters named this small hook "Half Wood" to commemorate this creation. The legend of the origin of "Ban's wife" is that Lu Ban first planed wood by his wife and then switched to bayonets.
Tell an episode, according to the description in Jade Scrap: Luban has been building houses for people outside these years, and it has been very hard. His wife, Yunshi, used her brains and made an umbrella to take with her when she went out on business, so that she could keep out the wind and rain. Today, umbrellas are still an indispensable tool in people's daily life. It can be seen that the influence of Luban family on Luban is still great. Lu Ban made many inventions in his life. It is recorded in many ancient books, such as Things, Events and Ancient History. He invented many tools and instruments used by carpenters. The carpenter's ruler (also called moment) was created by Lu Ban, so it is also called Lu Banchi. Mo Dou, planer, drill, chisel, shovel and other tools are also said to have been invented by Lu Ban.
According to historical records, the stone mill was also invented by Lu Ban. Mill, formerly known as Wei, was called mill in Han Dynasty. This is a machine that processes rice, wheat and beans into flour. Since mankind entered the agricultural society, it has become a daily chore to remove the hulls of grains and break beans and wheat. The early method was to crush or crush the grain with stones. Later, people put the grain in a stone mortar and pounded it with a pestle. Although this is a great progress of ancient grain processing tools, it is still time-consuming and laborious. Then compare the mashing, and find that the grinding effect is good and labor-saving. Legend has it that Lu Ban, inspired by the wisdom of the working people, used two hard round stones to cut into dense shallow grooves, put them together, and turned them by human or animal power to grind rice noodles into powder. This is the mill that has been widely used in China for more than two thousand years. The invention of the mill changed Chu Jiu's up-and-down movement into rotary movement, and Chu Jiu's intermittent work into continuous work, which greatly reduced the labor intensity and improved the production efficiency, which was a great progress. The real situation of how Luban invented the mill cannot be verified, but according to archaeological excavations, there were stone rolling pins and stone millstones during the Yangshao culture period from 6,000 to 6,500 years ago. During the Longshan culture period (about 4000 years ago), Chu Jiu already existed. Therefore, it is possible to invent the mill in Luban era.
Lu Ban is not only the "founder" of folk craftsmen, but also an outstanding mechanical inventor. There is no trace on the outside of the lock he made, but the mechanism is inside. It can only be opened with a matching key. There is also a record in Mozi Lu Wen: "The loser cuts bamboo and wood, thinking it is a magpie, and then flies away for three days." In other words, the wooden bird made by Luban can fly high in the air by the wind and not land for three days. According to legend, Luban also improved the structure of vehicles and made motorized wooden chariots and horses. This kind of wooden chariots and horses is driven by Woodenhead, equipped with mechanism, and can walk automatically. Many later inventors of science and technology, such as Ma Jun of the Three Kingdoms, Qu Chun of the Jin Dynasty, Zhao Ling of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Ma Daifeng of the Tang Dynasty and Huang Lvzhuang of the Qing Dynasty, were all influenced by this legend and explored in this direction. It seems too exaggerated and mythical to say that wooden birds can fly for three days and wooden carts and trojans can disappear automatically. But it also shows that Luban's technology was really outstanding at that time. As our descendants, when we want to realize the beautiful dreams of our predecessors, we should also take into account the scientific and technological level at that time and our actual ability to avoid being misled by some illusory legends and delaying our bright future.
It is said that Lu Ban also has certain attainments in weapons. According to Mozi's records, Lu Ban once made a ladder for the siege of Chu and a hook for the water war (also called "hook rejection"), both of which played a relatively big role in the war. Later, influenced by Mozi, he stopped making such tools of war and devoted himself to creation and invention in production and life for the benefit of the people.
Lu Ban came from a family of craftsmen and made many contributions to architecture and sculpture. In Story Club, it is said that Lu Ban carved a three-dimensional stone map of Kyushu. The story of Lu Ban carving a phoenix in Liezi. New theory. Knowing people and being good at their duties shows his spirit of not being afraid of sarcasm and studying hard. According to the story, Lu Ban wanted to carve a phoenix, but he was laughed at when he didn't carve it well. But he didn't stop working because of this, but worked harder and finally carved a phoenix with a vivid expression. Those who once laughed at him finally had to admire Lu Ban's superb skills and indomitable spirit.
For more than 2400 years, people have passed down the story of Lu Ban's invention and creation from generation to generation. In order to express their love and admiration for him, people concentrated the collective creations and inventions of the ancient working people on Lu Ban. Therefore, the story about his inventions is actually the story of the inventions of the working people in ancient China. His name has actually become a symbol of hard work and wisdom of the working people. Lu Ban's spell records: Fu Yi, natural landscape, town house building, resist all disasters, house auspicious, home prosperous and healthy. Interpretation: Yi Fu, the first disciple of Luban, said that natural landscape is a good feng shui implication of fairyland, referring to the land god (god) in natural landscape fairyland. The natural landscape also implies that Mount Tai can be a town house, and all disasters, storms, thunder, lightning, ghosts and gods, and land gods can resist it. The disaster is resisted by the floor of the house, so the family naturally has no disaster, and conforming to nature brings good luck and prosperity to the family.