The real life of people in Song Dynasty
It is said that the British historian Toynbee once said: If I had a choice, I would live in the Song Dynasty in China. ? This statement is widely circulated on the internet, but no one quotes it, so it is difficult to tell whether it is true or false. But I'm not going to test whether Toynbee really said this sentence here. I just assume that Xiaotang traveled to China in the12nd century. What kind of Song Dynasty will he find?
If Toynbee has been to the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty or Lin 'an and has a strong curiosity about the entertainment life of the people in the Song Dynasty, then I think he will be surprised to find that the popular folk sports in the Song Dynasty are more colorful than those in Europe where Xiaotang lived in the19th century. The earliest open golf tournament in the world was held in England from 65438 to 0860. However, in the Northern Song Dynasty in the 12 century, an aristocratic sport similar to golf became popular in the upper class, while ordinary people showed great enthusiasm for football and sumo.
What is the name of a sport like golf? Beat pills? . We believe that according to the Maruko Classic left by Yuan Dynasty and the Autumn Banquet Map drawn by Ming Dynasty, the balls, bats, venues and competition rules used in batting practice are very close to modern golf. As an aristocratic sport played by the upper class, Chumaru is also particularly particular about the choice of venues. The Shan Ye with undulating terrain and alternating vegetation is just right; I also pay special attention to the gentlemanly manner of playing ball: The style of pounding pills is to learn style first, and then learn decency. The twists and turns are in the middle and the rules are in the middle. Don't be angry when you lose, be brave. When you meet with anger, you will be hurt by sharp words, but a gentleman is not with you. ?
It is said that the British historian Toynbee once said: If I had a choice, I would live in the Song Dynasty in China. ? This statement is widely circulated on the internet, but no one quotes it, so it is difficult to tell whether it is true or false. But I'm not going to test whether Toynbee really said this sentence here. I just assume that Xiaotang traveled to China in the12nd century. What kind of Song Dynasty will he find?
If Toynbee has been to the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty or Lin 'an and has a strong curiosity about the entertainment life of the people in the Song Dynasty, then I think he will be surprised to find that the popular folk sports in the Song Dynasty are more colorful than those in Europe where Xiaotang lived in the19th century. The earliest open golf tournament in the world was held in England from 65438 to 0860. However, in the Northern Song Dynasty in the 12 century, an aristocratic sport similar to golf became popular in the upper class, while ordinary people showed great enthusiasm for football and sumo.
What is the name of a sport like golf? Beat pills? . We believe that according to the Maruko Classic left by Yuan Dynasty and the Autumn Banquet Map drawn by Ming Dynasty, the balls, bats, venues and competition rules used in batting practice are very close to modern golf. As an aristocratic sport played by the upper class, Chumaru is also particularly particular about the choice of venues. The Shan Ye with undulating terrain and alternating vegetation is just right; I also pay special attention to the gentlemanly manner of playing ball: The style of pounding pills is to learn style first, and then learn decency. The twists and turns are in the middle and the rules are in the middle. Don't be angry when you lose, be brave. When you meet with anger, you will be hurt by sharp words, but a gentleman is not with you. ?
What was another popular national movement in the Song Dynasty? Sumo? . Sumo is now the national sport of Japan. In fact, it was handed down from China. A thousand years ago, sumo was the national sport of Dasong. Like Cuju, the Song people established a sumo club called? Corner club? ; There is a national sumo wrestling? Tournament? The winner has prizes, trophies and certificates:? Only those who are strong and invincible in the world can get their rewards, such as the first prize winner, flag account, silver cup, colored satin, brocade coat, official meeting (paper money) and horse? ; There are also commercial sumo performances. In the cities of the Song Dynasty, there appeared a * * type civic entertainment and cultural center called? Wazi? There are restaurants, teahouses, restaurants, goulan and sheds. Sheds and Goulan are places where entertainment programs such as sumo, zaju, shadow play, puppet show, storytelling and singing are performed, which is equivalent to today's theaters. Sangjiawazi? A cabin in the park, the big one? It can hold thousands of people. . If Toynbee comes to Wazi, he can enjoy the fashionable competitive sports of Song people? Sumo performance. Meng Liang Lu describes:? Sumo wrestlers of Wahi is a first-class partner gathered by Luqi people (that is, folk artists) to display their talents. First, use the number of women to make a condom, attracting attention, and then use brawn to compete. ?
This record also revealed a message: In the Song Dynasty, before the commercial sumo performance, a lively female sumo performance was usually arranged to attract the audience. Sumo wrestlers, the daughter of Song Dynasty, is very famous. What is the name of a female sumo wrestler? Woman? , "Dream" and "Old Stories of Wulin" recorded the names of several women, such as Sai, Tao Sanniang, Heisijie, Han Chunchun, Xiulesi, Si and Xian six niang. These women, like sumo wrestlers, are all here? Are the counties in Washi competing for victory? And started the brand.
Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty was once attracted by women's sumo wrestling. Have you seen Xuande Gate? Woman sumo wrestlers? As a result, Sima Guang was criticized: those who stole Xuande Gate, such as Wei, suspended the constitution and gave orders. Today, there is the respect of the son of heaven, the people of the world, the empresses waiting on you, and the women looking around and letting them fight in front. This is hardly a reason to show their manners and manners. ? Sima guang also made a suggestion: it is still a letter to the minister, and it is strictly forbidden that women are not allowed to gather in the market for fun. ? It is certainly indecent for the Emperor of Heaven to watch a woman with a hot figure and cool clothes perform on a serious occasion. Sima Guang's criticism of Injong is reasonable, but he wants to ban women from sumo wrestling in the street, which is meddling. However, it can be seen from the records of Meng Lianggu and Old Stories of Wulin that the folk women's sumo performance has obviously not been affected.
Look at these popular sports in the Song Dynasty. Will Toynbee feel the prosperous atmosphere of Song society? Because only a rich, stable and leisurely society can people have such fun, as described in the poem of Zhou Wenpu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In Yun Biao, sometimes it is dusk, and sometimes it is before the spring breeze. However, sometimes he goes to the drug market to find immortality. ?
Song people's? Fashion life?
1、? White collar? Also called takeout
According to statistics, there are more than 100 shops mentioned in Tokyo's Chinese Dream, of which restaurants and various restaurants account for more than half.
Because the catering industry in the capital city is developed, there are doors, teahouses, hotels and restaurants everywhere. Market brokers often only buy food at city stores, not at home? ; Lin 'an is the same. Teahouses, restaurants, noodle shops and fruits are everywhere. Oil sauce, rice, fish, wax and so on. Brokers often build more shops and houses, and it is convenient to buy food and drink. . In other words, small white-collar workers and businessmen in the Song Dynasty, like white-collar workers in cities today, are not used to cooking at home, but eating out or ordering takeout.
That's right. Restaurants in the Song Dynasty have already started to provide them? Call by the hour? what can I do? Fast food and order service. "The Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival" depicts a restaurant guy delivering takeout to someone else's home.
2, do beauty in a pet shop
The domestication of cats and dogs in human society can be traced back a long time, but it is relatively recent to keep cats and dogs as pets. In the Song Dynasty, ordinary people had pet dogs and cats. The appearance of pets can be seen as the embodiment of the quality of life entering a higher level.
Because more people kept dogs and cats, pet-derived commodities such as dog food and cat food appeared in the market in Song Dynasty. Dream of Tokyo? Mixed colors? The article says:? Keeping a dog is not good for you; Provide food and small fish for cats. ?
The records of the old Wulin are more interesting. Small broker? Various small commodities and pet services in Hangzhou are listed, including? Cat nest, cat fish, selling cats, changing cats and dogs? The meanings of cat nest, cat fish and cat are easy to understand. Change cats and dogs? Probably for pets, cats and dogs. There are even pet rooms and pet grooming facilities. What's the difference between this and people keeping pets now?
3. Is there anything special? Stock exchange?
A relatively extensive monopoly system was implemented in the Song Dynasty, and salt, tea, alum and incense were all indirect monopolies: first, businessmen paid cash to the monopoly service agency established by the government in exchange for a boat ticket? Cross-reference? And use this? Cross-reference? Collect salt tea and other commodities at the designated place. In order to guide Song Taizong's military supplies to the border counties, the Song government created? Compromise? Businessmen buy grain and grass in border counties, which are distributed after the government evaluates them? Cross-reference? . The valuation of the Song government is much higher than the market price. What is the part above the market price? Misestimate? The actual market transaction price is called. Actual estimate? , Song Dynasty? Cross-reference? The face value of, by? Actual estimate? Besides? Misestimate? Composition.
? Cross-reference? The original function of is similar to? Bill of lading? What has been achieved in the development of market economy? Cross-reference? Break through its original function and obtain the circulation function of securities? Because? Cross-reference? Of great value? Misestimate? Uh, this? Misestimate? The money was attached to? Cross-reference? Can the profit rate above attract buyers to buy? Cross-reference? . So, like a stock exchange? Bank of communications shop? That's how it happened.
Song dynasty gourmet
1, ham
Ham was invented in the Song Dynasty, and the word ham first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo wrote a general thing in his book? Diet clearly records the practice of ham. Cook the pig pancreas ham and remove the oil. Hiding ham in the valley, it has no oil for decades, and it is a bran. ?
In addition, it is said that Zong Ze, a famous anti-gold star in the Northern Song Dynasty, returned to his hometown and brought back a few pieces of bacon from his hometown of Yiwu, Zhejiang, for Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong to taste. Zhao Gou cut it open and saw that the meat was as red as fire and delicious. He was so happy that he named it "ham" The production of ham requires multiple technological processes. Ham is rich in minerals and protein, which is not only a mouth-watering delicacy, but also a tonic. Up to now, China Zhejiang Jinhua ham not only sells well at home, but also sells well in Europe and America. It still exudes unique and charming charm for thousands of years?
2. Hotpot
The truly recorded hot pot in the history of China appeared in the Song Dynasty. Lin Hong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, recorded in Confessions of a Clear Mountain Residence. Shi Yun: Only thin batches are used in the mountains, and the wine sauce and pepper are alive. Set the table with an air oven, circle it with half a glass of water and a cup of soup, and divide it into chopsticks so that it can be cooked in the soup. Take a sip and you can provide it with juice at will. ?
This shows that this way of eating is not stew, but? Hey? . Is Lin Hong also based on time? Surging sunshine in Jiang Xue, the wind turns fine in the evening? Beautiful scenery. Romantic name for this way of eating? Dial summer? . What happened afterwards? Dial summer? How to eat spread, and people rushed to follow suit. Soon people gargle with all kinds of meat and vegetables in this way. The hot pot in the song dynasty is no different from the modern hot pot in shape and structure, which makes people have to admire and admire?
3. Dongpo meat
Su Dongpo is a gourmet. He wrote countless poems and articles about food. Dongpo? The famous dishes named are: Dongpo elbow, Dongpo fish, Dongpo tofu, Dongpo cake, Dongpo soup, Dongpo crisp, Dongpo jade mix, Dongpo bud, Dongpo tofu and so on. The most famous one is Dongpo pork, which was created by Su Dongpo himself in Huangzhou. He lived in poverty after being demoted to Huangzhou. Seeing that local pork is cheap and few people buy it, he personally cooked pork and created an eternal reputation? Dongpo meat? Let's go There is a poem "ode to pork" as evidence: washing the pot, no water, no firewood. Don't rush him when he is ripe, he will be beautiful when the heat is enough. Huangzhou good pork, the price is as cheap as dirt. If you refuse to eat, the poor can't cook. Get up in the morning and play two bowls, which are full, so don't worry at all. Dongpo meat? It tastes delicious and mellow, fat but not greasy. People are scrambling to imitate this practice. Dongpo meat? This reputation naturally spread like wildfire. Is there anyone else going? Dongpo meat? Name the store. So far, it is a famous dish in many areas of China. In addition, it is said that Dongpo pork was invented by Su Dongpo when he renovated the West Lake in Hangzhou.
? Slow speed, water shortage? It is the main idea of making Dongpo pork, and there is another song of his "Walking after the Rain": whoever can see the heat, the small stove should take care of itself. ? Explain the key to temperature. Slow cooking makes the soup thick, rotten, fresh, fragrant and appetizing. Through research, it is found that pork is cooked with slow fire 1 2 hours, saturated fatty acids decreased by 30%? 50%, and unsaturated fatty acids beneficial to human body have doubled. Dongpo meat? Not only not fat and unhealthy, but also beneficial to people. Is it really a food that conforms to the way of keeping in good health?
4. Bean sprouts
As a vegetable, bean sprouts began to be eaten in the Song Dynasty. Lin Hong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote:? Soak the black beans in water to expose the buds, put the chaff in a pot, spread sand and plant beans, and press them with wooden boards. If it is long, reuse it in a bucket and dry it at dawn. At sunrise on the third day, wash it with oil, salt, bitter wine, spices, especially sesame cakes. Light yellow color, famous goose raw soybean. ? Here, not only how to make bean sprouts is clearly recorded, but also how to eat them. Roll a sesame cake? It is the originator of Beijing pancake roll bean sprouts. Song Dynasty poet Su Song:? Mung beans, with white buds, are the best vegetables. ? Meng Yuanshen's Tokyo Dream in China also mentioned bean sprouts many times, such as? Mung beans, adzuki beans and wheat are soaked in water in porcelain, germinated for a few inches and strung together in red baskets. Seeds? . ? Fang Yue, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote a poem called Bean Seedlings: Bamboo shoots in the south of the Yangtze River are wonderful in the world, and the spring breeze rushes to the fence. Qin Tie's ginger is fatter than meat, and it is far from the belly. Mr. Wang and the monk live in a bowl, and there is no other way to feed the food. The mountain house sweeps the floor and scatters beans, and there is no need to hoe in the smoke. Hand falls and springs are sprinkled like rain, and old tiles are covered like vaults. Pingming found jade and gravel and became angry overnight. Kiss the fish's eyes and bring them into Qingyun bowl. Beth's saliva is slippery under high pressure. She is crisp and flat. It's not time to miss the poet's spleen. Why are you doing this? Yu Lang is not used to poverty. ? The germination process of bean sprouts is described in detail. According to the book records of Song Dynasty, there are at least five kinds of bean sprouts in Song Dynasty, namely soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts, soybean sprouts and red bean sprouts.
Western countries call bean sprouts one of the four great inventions of China food. Bean sprouts are cheap, elegant and popular. You can board a luxurious banquet in the elegant hall, or it can be a common meal for ordinary people. The nutritional value of bean sprouts is extremely high. Recently, western research found that bean sprouts can resist fatigue, inhibit cancer and treat epilepsy. Western nutritionists believe that bean sprouts are not only extremely nutritious, but also have extremely high therapeutic value. They all think bean sprouts are ideal food. I didn't expect the bean sprouts invented by China's ancestors thousands of years ago to be so magical.
5. popcorn
Popcorn was also invented in Song Dynasty, and Fan Chengda wrote it in Wu Junzhi? Customs records:? Shangyuan? Stir-fried glutinous rice in a pot is called Bolou, also known as Mihua. Everyone blew themselves up to rest for a year. ? On the occasion of the Spring Festival, Song people used popcorn to predict the good or bad of the year, and girls used it to ask their lifelong events. Song people added diet to culture, which enriched its connotation.
Popcorn is crisp and easy to digest, and can be used as a delicious snack every day. The invention of popcorn embodies the richness of China's diet, and has a deeper meaning, that is, it creates a food processing method. It shows that the food processing in ancient China is not only a simple heating cooking, but also uses the physical principle of high temperature and high pressure to change the state and taste of food. This processing method is a modern emerging Penghua food. This processing method has turned ordinary food that we don't agree with each other into delicious and distinctive food snacks. It can be said that popcorn thousands of years ago is the originator of all kinds of modern food snacks.
Many snacks were invented in the Song Dynasty. Slot? (Jiaozi)? Want a cake? (noodles) Pyrite cone? (Fried Lantern Festival),? Gone with the wind in jiaozi? (Tangyuan) Wait, even the condiment soy sauce was invented in the Song Dynasty. There are more rumors? Fried dough sticks? 、? Fried rice with eggs? Wait a minute. Eugene N. Anderson, an American, said in his book Food in China:? In the Song Dynasty, China's agriculture and grain finally took shape. Food production is more reasonable and scientific. China's great cooking method was also produced in the Song Dynasty. ? There are dozens of cooking methods in Song Dynasty, such as frying, frying, boiling, frying, roasting, stewing, frying, steaming, boiling, mixing, soaking and rinsing. Song dynasty is really a paradise for eating goods. But many delicious foods of the Song Dynasty have been lost. Don't you think you want to go back to the Song Dynasty to eat?
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