2, systemic diseases: such as severe malnutrition or lack of some important nutritional factors in the diet, can affect ovarian function and cause infertility; Chronic diseases, metabolic diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, diabetes, adrenal dysfunction, etc. Can also lead to infertility.
3. Central influence: endocrine imbalance between hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary, pituitary adenoma or scar can cause ovarian dysfunction and lead to infertility; Mental factors such as mental stress or excessive anxiety can affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and inhibit ovulation.
4, vulva and vagina factors lead to infertility: if there is no hymen vaginal septum, congenital absence of vagina and other congenital malformations, it can hinder sexual life; When vaginal inflammation is serious, a large number of white blood cells can devour sperm, reduce sperm vitality, shorten its survival time and affect pregnancy.
5. Infertility caused by uterine factors: about 10% ~ 15% of infertility. Normal uterus leans forward and bends back, and the cervix is soaked in semen after sexual intercourse, which is beneficial to pregnancy. If the uterus leans backward and bends backward, the cervix will move forward and upward, which will affect pregnancy; Due to the insufficient secretion of progesterone in ovary, the endometrial secretion reaction is bad; Uterine hypoplasia and endometrial inflammation, such as tuberculous endometritis and submucous hysteromyoma, will affect the implantation of pregnant eggs.
6. Infertility caused by cervical factors: it is an important cause of infertility, accounting for about 10% ~ 20% of infertility. Due to chronic cervicitis or low estrogen level, cervical mucus may become sticky or contain a large number of white blood cells, which is not conducive to the movement and passage of sperm and may affect pregnancy. In addition, cervical polyps or uterine fibroids can block the cervical canal and affect the passage of sperm. Cervical stenosis may also be the cause of infertility.
7, tubal factors lead to infertility: tubal inflammation and adhesion cause tubal obstruction to prevent eggs and sperm from meeting and lead to infertility. Pelvic endometriosis can also cause tubal adhesion and distortion, leading to infertility.
8, congenital physical defects lead to infertility: such as hymen atresia, clitoris is too large (female pseudohermaphroditism), congenital absence of vagina, vaginal atresia, uterine dysplasia or absence, uterine malformation, ovarian dysplasia, polycystic ovary and so on.
9, bad habits lead to infertility: such as drinking alcohol, drinking too much coffee, irregular life, multiple abortions and other bad habits, will lead to infertility.
10, other factors: after systematic examination, there are still about 10% of men and women who have not found obvious reasons for infertility. In recent years, it is considered to be related to immune factors. Some infertile women have anti-sperm antibodies in their serum, which can agglutinate with semen. These infertile couples can make these antibodies disappear and get pregnant if they use condoms for contraception for a period of time. 1, abnormal semen: if there is no sperm, or the number of sperm is too small, the activity is weakened and the morphology is abnormal.
2. Testicular abnormality: There are three kinds of testicular abnormality: 1) cryptorchidism, and infertility caused by unilateral cryptorchidism accounts for about 30% ~ 60%, and bilateral infertility accounts for 50% ~ 100%. Not only lead to infertility, but also induce malignant transformation; 2) The embryo primordia are destroyed by unfavorable environmental factors during the fetal period; 3) Injury during childbirth can lead to early testicular injury.
3. Acquired testicular injury: such as hernia repair, hydrocele surgery, testicular fixation surgery, etc. Damaged testicular blood vessels, hindered blood supply, leading to testicular atrophy.
4, sperm transport is blocked: epididymis and vas deferens tuberculosis can block the vas deferens, hinder the passage of sperm, impotence, premature ejaculation and other sexual dysfunction can not make sperm enter the female vagina.
5, hydrocele: hydrocele compresses the blood circulation of the testis, which can lead to testicular infection or atrophy. The incidence of this disease after puberty is 16%- 19%.
6. Endocrine factors: Male endocrine is mediated by hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis, which can cause azoospermia and azoospermia caused by pituitary, thyroid and adrenaline dysfunction, and can cause infertility.
7. Genetic factors: Klinefelter's syndrome with abnormal sex chromosomes, Turner's syndrome in men, etc.
8. Immune factors: Due to the exposure of sperm to the immune system, sperm seminal plasma produces antibodies against their own sperm in the body, and the injected sperm agglutinates itself, which cannot make women pregnant.
9. Infection of reproductive organs: Bacteria, viruses, protozoa and other infections can directly damage testis, lead to testicular atrophy's disease, testicular tuberculosis, destroy testicular tissue, seriously affect spermatogenic ability, reduce sperm activity, and cause infertility. For example, 20% of mumps in pre-puberty are complicated with orchitis, which leads to infertility.
10, infertility caused by nervous dysfunction and nervous system diseases, such as paraplegia and impotence.
1 1. Infertility caused by varicocele: varicocele can affect the spermatogenic function of testis and lead to infertility, accounting for about 30% ~ 40% of male infertility.
12. Respiratory diseases and male infertility, such as Young's syndrome and Kartagener's syndrome, are all caused by abnormal cilia of respiratory mucosa and ultrastructure of sperm tail.
13, chronic diseases and infertility: such as thyroid diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, renal failure, etc. Can lead to infertility.
14, blood supply disorder: patients with arteriosclerosis and diabetes are often accompanied by testicular arteriole disease, which reduces the ability to produce sperm and causes infertility.
15. Environmental impact: overheated miners and boiler workers in the tunnel; Underwear is too tight; Excessive smoking and drinking; Hypoxia will affect fertility.
16, the influence of gravity: under the condition of excessive load, men can reduce the endogenous sperm in testis, leading to infertility.
17. Infertility caused by mental and psychological factors: The abnormal mental and psychological state of patients leads to neuroendocrine disorder, resulting in low testicular spermatogenesis function, or sexual dysfunction, leading to infertility.