Current location - Health Preservation Learning Network - Slimming men and women - How to design teaching scientifically and effectively
How to design teaching scientifically and effectively
In order to deepen the new curriculum reform, further promote quality education, implement the "Teaching Norms for Primary and Secondary Schools in Shandong Province", improve teaching efficiency, create excellent primary education in Longjiaquan Township, and realize high-level operation; In order to correct the deviations and shortcomings existing in the implementation of the new curriculum, such as emphasizing form over content, quantity over quality, teaching over learning, training over feedback, progress over effectiveness, and truly implementing "efficient classroom", this scheme is formulated.

I. Guiding ideology

Guided by the document "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Classroom Teaching in Primary Schools in the County and Building an Efficient Classroom", combined with the actual work in my hometown, we will fully implement the new curriculum concept, actively explore independent, efficient and energetic classroom teaching, truly implement the "efficient classroom", and effectively improve the effectiveness of lesson preparation, teaching process, training test, after-school counseling and teaching evaluation.

Second, the implementation content and strategy

1. Improve the efficiency of lesson preparation.

Efficient classroom teaching must have an efficient teaching preparation link, otherwise, there will be no effective classroom teaching, let alone efficient classroom teaching.

Teaching preparation refers to the work that teachers should do when making teaching plans, including the setting of teaching objectives, the processing of teaching materials, the selection of methods, the determination of teaching organization forms, the design of teaching links and the formation of teaching plans.

(1) Alternate content

We should take the textbook as a model, try to understand it thoroughly, grasp the key and difficult points, and at the same time take the textbook as an example, not just a textbook, trying to draw inferences from one example to another. Dialogue with the textbook to guide students to understand the inner meaning of the text. It is necessary to carefully design the teaching process, refine the concise and effective teaching main line, and promote it layer by layer.

(2) prepare students.

Teachers should fully understand students' learning situation and learning needs before class, and prepare lessons according to "learning situation".

(3) Prepare for training

According to the teaching content and students' reality, carefully select and design classroom exercises and distribute training materials. Teachers must strike first, select the essence, discard the false and retain the true, combine teaching with practice, be precise and refined, train in class and give quick feedback, give full play to students' subjective consciousness in the process of classroom teaching, and mobilize students' learning enthusiasm.

Specific strategy:

Grasp the collective lesson preparation. First of all, achieve "four in place": time in place, place in place, content in place, and lecture preparation in place. Secondly, improve the routine of collective lesson preparation: one person takes the lead, teaching and research groups discuss, and collectively revise, so as to truly implement the collective lesson preparation system.

2. Improve the efficiency of classroom teaching.

Classroom is the main position and key link for teachers to realize "efficient classroom" activities. The growth of students depends on the accumulation of each class, so it is urgent to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching.

(1) Improve the efficiency of teaching content.

The selection of classroom teaching content should be based on the requirements of new curriculum standards and the needs of students' development, and on the basis of teaching objectives, establish key points and optimize choices. While emphasizing the goals of process and method, emotion, attitude and values, we should not neglect knowledge teaching and ensure the effectiveness of knowledge teaching.

(2) Improve the efficiency of teaching activities.

Optimizing classroom teaching design is to scientifically arrange classroom teaching activities according to the goal of effective learning, starting from the development of students, considering the cultivation of students' ability and the mastery of students' knowledge. The introduction of new courses, situation creation, migration and transition, homework arrangement, exercise design, activity organization, etc. We should carefully prepare and arrange, connect with students' living environment, and create a situation that is conducive to students' independent learning and cooperative communication based on their existing knowledge and experience background, enhance students' interest and confidence in learning, and make the created situation lively, active in process, problem-solving, interactive, diverse in thinking and efficient in experience.

(3) Improve the efficiency of teaching methods.

Optimizing teaching methods requires teachers to devote themselves to "guiding" and serving "learning", and choose specific teaching methods according to the realization of specific teaching objectives. Based on the teaching content, we should choose a variety of methods to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. According to the characteristics of students' learning, we should devote ourselves to transforming the external teaching objectives into the internal learning needs, and put inspiration ideas throughout the whole process of teaching method selection. We should not be divorced from the original foundation of students, adhere to the realistic thinking of teaching method selection, and fully reflect the requirements of students' subjectivity.

(4) Improve the efficiency of teaching communication.

It is necessary to establish a democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students, actively create a harmonious and passionate classroom atmosphere, and enhance the teaching interaction between teachers and students. It is necessary to change the one-way teaching interaction between teachers and students, seek to establish effective two-way or multi-directional teaching interaction between teachers and students, and let students master knowledge and develop their abilities through multi-level and fruitful interaction between teachers and students. Teacher-student interaction does not pursue formal excitement, but should pursue real quality and effect.

(5) Improve the efficiency of teaching methods.

The integration of multimedia and subject teaching is the inevitable trend of classroom teaching. The application of multimedia and teaching AIDS should be used in this place, so that it can really play an auxiliary teaching role. We must resolutely put an end to the practice of using multimedia teaching methods to decorate the facade, flashy and grandstanding, and pay attention to the efficiency of use.

(6) Improve the efficiency of problem design.

It is necessary to design inspiring and exploratory classroom questions around the teaching focus, stimulate students' interest in learning and exploration through effective questions, and promote the realization of teaching objectives.

Of course, efficient classroom teaching involves a wide range. In addition to the above six items, teachers' professional quality, efficient use of classroom teaching time, effective integration of teaching resources, breakthrough of important and difficult points, realization of teachers' dominant position and students' dominant position, problems facing all students, teachers' exemplary role and details of classroom teaching are all worthy of serious study.

Specific strategy:

(1) Innovative teaching and research courses. This semester, everyone has at least one high-quality class, with the theme of "efficient classroom", open the process, show the results, and really improve the efficiency of classroom teaching.

(2) Implementing teaching reflection. This semester, teachers are required to write down the cases and reflections of "efficient classroom research" in teachers' notes, each semester 10, each with no less than 800 words, and towns and schools organize exhibitions, exchanges and appraisals.

3. Improve the efficiency of training and testing.

While strengthening in-class training and improving the effectiveness of feedback correction, we should pay attention to the efficiency of after-class homework training. It is necessary to effectively put an end to the phenomenon of assigning a large number of repetitive homework, to prevent students from drowning in the sea of questions, and to prevent students from simply copying and moving book knowledge. It is necessary to fully understand the learning situation, assign homework in a targeted manner, and let students think and solve problems in homework training. At the same time, it is necessary to arrange students' internship time scientifically, so as to be timely, appropriate and moderate. Efficient training should achieve "six musts", that is, the teacher who practices must first do it, choose the training, receive the delivery, accept the batch, evaluate the batch and correct the mistake. Insist on selecting and refining, grasp the difficulties, delete complex, difficult, biased and outdated topics, and improve the effectiveness of training; Must be done, timely correction, fine batch fine change; Statistical induction must be made before comments to effectively improve the pertinence of comments.

Specific strategy:

Do a good job in the investigation and evaluation of "six conscientiousness in teaching" (preparing lessons carefully, listening to lectures carefully, assigning homework and correcting homework carefully, carrying out extracurricular tutoring activities seriously, checking carefully, and teaching and research seriously), combine the spot check of the guidance office with the self-examination within the group, and do a good job in the investigation of students' workload.

4. Improve the efficiency of after-school counseling.

After-class counseling should emphasize the word "diligence" and adhere to the counseling strategy of "grasping both ends and promoting the middle" to realize the implementation of training to make up for the difference. In the usual teaching process, we should adhere to the idea of combining teaching with assistance and constantly strengthen teaching guidance. While attaching importance to students' knowledge counseling, we should also attach importance to students' psychological counseling, first make up for "bad" and "heart", eliminate psychological obstacles, correct bad habits, and enhance students' confidence and courage to overcome difficulties.

Specific strategy:

Pay attention to the work of cultivating outstanding students and making up the difference, and carry out a variety of subject activities in schools to stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their abilities in all aspects. In view of the weaknesses of students with learning difficulties, strengthen counseling and promote their continuous progress.

Dig up young seeds and cultivate top students, the good ones with the bad ones.

Give full play to the role of school mental health education and do a good job in students' psychological counseling.

5. Improve the efficiency of teaching evaluation.

In the teaching process, teachers should evaluate students in a timely, appropriate and diverse way, and encourage and guide students to evaluate themselves and each other. Evaluation should pay attention to both process and result.

Specific strategy:

In the process of management, schools should implement efficient means and establish an effective teaching evaluation system to fully reflect development. Make full use of the guiding role of students' "growth record bag".

The teaching and research section establishes a regular research system that combines comprehensive research of various disciplines with research of key disciplines to truly and comprehensively evaluate students and teachers.

We should strengthen the evaluation of teachers in various forms, such as lectures, evaluation, questionnaires or parents' participation in evaluation, so as to improve the effectiveness of teachers' work.

Implement recommendations

1. According to this implementation opinion, all grade groups and teachers will further strengthen the research on effective teaching topics, study extensively, unify their thinking, and deepen their understanding of the importance of implementing effective teaching.

2. The guidance office and the lesson preparation team should formulate various management systems suitable for efficient teaching in time, focusing on the daily management system and the evaluation and incentive system, so as to operate efficiently and ensure the smooth progress of effective teaching.

3. Strengthen the regular evaluation of teaching. According to the key contents of the document "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Classroom Teaching in Primary Schools in the County" issued by the County Bureau, we will vigorously strengthen the daily management assessment, adhere to the monthly inspection and assessment system, strictly link assessment with rewards, and seriously feedback the assessment to teachers to promote rectification and improvement.

4. The lesson preparation team should keep close contact, feedback the implementation of "efficient classroom" in time, adjust the working ideas and activity plans at any time according to the actual situation, and further optimize the management level of efficient classroom teaching.

Source: Jiangxi Teachers Network

The form of an excellent and effective teaching design scheme is always gradually improved by teachers' careful deliberation, research and revision. The teaching design of efficient classroom should be carried out according to the following steps:

First, grasp the teaching content

Teaching content is a question of "what to teach". Instructional design is a process of systematic planning for the teaching system, and the teaching system itself is the arrangement of resources and procedures. Therefore, grasping the teaching content has become the primary task of teaching design.

1, learning situation analysis

The teaching content includes students taught by teachers and teaching materials. Instructional design is a process of solving problems, and the starting point of solving problems is "learning demand analysis", so it is necessary to analyze learning situations. The analysis of learning situation is mainly to understand students' learning state, general characteristics, learning style, learning attitude and so on, with the focus on understanding students' starting ability and original knowledge and experience. We can use natural observation, written material analysis, conversation, investigation, testing and other methods to master students' learning situation, and we must pay attention to effectiveness in this process.

2. Research materials

Textbooks are the media and means for students to acquire knowledge. In order for students to effectively grasp the most important information in textbooks, teachers should study textbooks carefully. I think we can study it from the following steps:

(1) Learning Curriculum Standards

The purpose of learning curriculum standards is to find out the teaching ideas, objectives and requirements of the subjects they teach; Understand the arrangement system and content arrangement of this subject, understand the subject characteristics and teaching suggestions, as well as the requirements for curriculum development and resource utilization.

(2) Carefully study the textbooks.

Learning textbooks should be "understood, infiltrated and transformed".

One is understanding. It is to understand the basic ideas, basic contents and every word and sentence of the textbook.

The second is transparency. That is to say, we should not only understand but also be familiar with the teaching materials, and be able to integrate and use them freely.

The third is transformation. That is, teachers' thoughts and feelings are integrated with the ideological and scientific nature of teaching materials, which is a process of digestion and absorption, just like bees making honey.

(3) Obtain other available curriculum resources.

The range of curriculum resources is very wide. Teachers can get teaching guidance, reference books, auxiliary workbooks, related CDs, courseware, software packages and related materials developed by others online, which can help teachers master the contents of teaching materials.

(4) Grasp the key points, difficulties and key points in the textbook.

Find out the most basic and important knowledge in the textbook that is unified, universal, reproducible and widely transmitted, that is, the key points. It is difficult for students to understand, master and use knowledge and complex skills. The focus is on the knowledge that can "affect the whole body" and have the greatest impact on the mastery of knowledge and skills and subsequent learning.

5. Fine processing of teaching materials.

The fine processing of teaching materials includes flexible handling, reasonable arrangement and creative use of teaching materials. The flexible treatment of teaching material content is mainly to select teaching materials from the aspects of content quality, content depth and content breadth; Add some background, empirical, initiative, practical and expandable materials to the teaching materials; Adjust the teaching materials in terms of order, time and materials; Processing from the knowledge, interest and operability of teaching materials.

3, determine the three-dimensional target

Teaching design must establish a "three-dimensional goal" according to the characteristics of teaching subject content and embody it in teaching activities. Knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values are an interrelated and interpenetrating whole, which is the three aspects of a complete person's quality construction in learning activities.

Second, the development of teaching strategies

It can be achieved through the following four steps:

1, arrange teaching procedures

When arranging teaching procedures, the teaching process should be carried out according to the law of cognitive activities; Determine the teaching steps according to whether the type of "class" is a single class or a comprehensive class; According to the teaching mode of teaching, discussion, discovery, example and self-study, the teaching procedure is arranged.

2. Combination teaching methods

There are many teaching methods. No matter which method you choose and use, you should pay attention to the overall function, comprehensive application and complementary advantages of teaching methods, adhere to the heuristic guiding ideology, and pay attention to the flexible and witty use of teaching methods and the handling of details changes according to the teaching objectives and tasks, discipline characteristics, teaching activities and the situation of teaching and learning.

3. Choose the organization form

The organizational form of teaching is to organize students to teach and learn in what form or in a relatively stable relationship. Teachers take classroom teaching as the basic organizational form, and with the help of relevant auxiliary teaching equipment, scientifically and reasonably determine the organizational form of teaching. This will help to improve the quality of teaching and promote the full, free and all-round development of students' personality.

4. Design exercises

Babanski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, warned people not to cancel homework, but to "get as much effect as possible from one exercise" when talking about teaching optimization and reducing students' burden. This requires teachers to carefully design purposeful, targeted, systematic, hierarchical, holistic, moderate, enlightening, diverse, diagnostic and remedial homework according to the characteristics of the subject.

Third, write lesson plans.

As a creative work, instructional design can't be accomplished overnight. An excellent and effective teaching design scheme is always gradually improved in the painstaking preparation, research and revision of teachers. The improved teaching design will eventually form a practical teaching text-teaching plan.

The compilation of teaching plans should focus on the mastery of teaching materials, the investigation of learning situation, the improvement of teaching methods and the reflection of practice.

Source: Jiangxi Teachers Network

Classroom teaching design is not only the basis for teachers to prepare lessons and prepare teaching plans, but also an important way to reflect teachers' teaching ability and their own teaching characteristics and styles. To improve the quality of classroom teaching, we must optimize the classroom teaching design. Let's talk about how to optimize classroom teaching design and discuss with teachers.

1. Design teaching objectives according to curriculum standards and learning conditions.

Determining the teaching goal is the starting point of teaching design, which will run through and be reflected in the whole process of teaching design and play a soul role. The determination of teaching objectives should pay attention to the following points: first, it must be based on curriculum standards and learning situations, not only on curriculum standards, but also on the concept of "student-oriented development" and on students' reality; Second, the teaching objectives must be detailed, concrete and feasible, not to mention those requirements that can't be met in a general class; The third is to highlight the requirements of emotion, attitude and values; Fourthly, the teaching objectives should be holistic, hierarchical, continuous and targeted.

2. According to the teaching objectives, integrate the teaching content and highlight the key and difficult points.

After establishing the teaching goal, the first thing to think about is the specific teaching content. On the one hand, we should make good use of teaching materials, do a good job in analyzing the contents of teaching materials, and make clear the key points and difficulties; On the other hand, it is necessary to integrate teaching materials with school-based courses in combination with school conditions, and add some learning contents with the flavor of the times and reflecting students' real life. There are two tendencies to be avoided here: one is to start a new stove without teaching materials; The second one is based on books.

3. According to the teaching content, make the teaching link-teaching process.

We should formulate teaching links according to the teaching mode of each class we have formulated, and on this basis, we should constantly improve and gradually form our own teaching characteristics and styles. The teaching mode of each class we have formulated has the following characteristics: First, the learning link echoes the new curriculum concept. Mainly in the learning process, it pays attention to autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning. Second, students' dominant position is more prominent; Third, each learning link is gradual, echoing students' cognitive laws; Fourth, every learning link is easy to learn and operate.

One of the characteristics of instructional design is to prepare lessons through links. According to the needs of learning content, the learning process of a class is decomposed into several specific learning links. In this process, we should pay attention to: first, design the teaching links as a whole, emphasize the logic and progressiveness between links, and achieve interlocking; Second, there should not be too many teaching links in a class, usually about five, which is not conducive to the in-depth development of each teaching link and is easy to become a mere formality; Third, deal with the relationship between presupposition and generation, and leave space for students to think, digest, absorb and generate when presupposing.

4. Design suitable learning situations and discussion activities for each teaching link.

Only by creating appropriate learning situations and inquiry activities can students have some experience, and can they feel something under the guidance of communication and teachers and achieve their learning goals. Therefore, this link is the most detailed link in the process of preparing lessons, and it is also the key link to make classroom teaching vivid and unique. In the process of creating situations and activities, we should fully consider the following factors: first, we should pay attention to the connotation of activities, be targeted and profound, and activities that are not suitable for learning content should not be used, no matter how novel or ingenious; Second, activities should proceed from the reality of students' lives, leaving room for students' unique experience, for students to solve problems themselves, and for students to practice; Third, the setting of activities should be detailed, and we should fully consider the specific steps of activities, what students and teachers can do in activities, and how to deepen activities step by step to achieve practical results; The fourth is to summarize and reflect on the activities. On the one hand, it is necessary to comment on students' performance in the process of activities in time and constantly improve their ability to carry out activities; On the other hand, it is necessary to guide students to experience feelings in activities, infiltrate learning content into activities, and improve themselves through activities.

5. Reflect on the teaching value of teaching links and activities according to the teaching objectives.

This step is a process of rethinking your own classroom teaching design. This process, on the one hand, can ensure that the teaching design is more scientific and exquisite, which is closely related to the teaching objectives; On the other hand, we can constantly improve the ability of classroom teaching design in reflection.