In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xiaozong ascended the throne and Zhang Jun was re-employed. Yang Wanli was recommended as a professor in Lin 'an, but he was unable to go to his post because of his father's funeral. After the mourning period, I realized that Longxing Prefecture was Fengxin (now Jiangxi) county. When he was in office, it was forbidden to take bribes and won the hearts of the people. After six years on the main road (1 170), he went up to a thousand thoughts and thirty stories, stating his views on major issues such as "Jundao", "National Conditions", "Governing the Original", "Talents", "Criminal Law" and "Civil Affairs", which were highly valued by the Prime Minister and Yu, and he was recruited as a doctor. The following year, Zhang (the son of Zhang Jun), the lieutenant, was detained for opposing the appointment of Zhang Zhaofei. Yang Wanli refused to stay and wrote to urge him to uphold justice. Although Reng Zhang was demoted, Yang Wanli's words and deeds were praised by public opinion. Repeated relocation will make you a young prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), he was appointed as a foreign magistrate in Zhangzhou and soon changed to Changzhou. In the sixth year of Xichun, he was promoted to be the tea supervisor of Changping, Guangdong Province, and was promoted to the supervisor of the Department of Punishment in Guangdong Province. In the ninth year of Xichun, she left her job because of her mother's funeral. After serving for eleven years, he returned to Hangzhou, served as foreign minister in the official department, and was promoted to doctor. The next year, due to the earthquake, he wrote a letter to Xiaozong, urging him to "be the most urgent thing, think carefully about the strategy of preparing for the enemy", "manage the ship to seize the danger" and "enrich the country and strengthen the people". Thirteen years, moved to the Privy Council, served as Crown Prince, and recommended Zhu, Yuan Shu and other 16 talents to Prime Minister Wang Huai. After moving to the secretary, there is less supervision. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Wanli fought for Zhang Jun to enjoy the temple sacrifice, which angered Xiaozong and made him know Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi).
In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Guangzong acceded to the throne, and Yang Wanli was called to the DPRK as the secretary supervisor. At the end of the year, the Golden Mission sent messengers to congratulate Zheng Dan, and Wan Li was sent as a companion. There are many poems on this trip. Shao Xiyuan (1 190) sent an envoy to serve as Jiangdong transshipment assistant. At this time, Chao Yi wanted to travel to the counties in the south of the Yangtze River with iron money. He objected and refused to serve the imperial edict. So he was angry and was appointed as the governor of Ganzhou. Wan Li refused to go to his post and asked to return to China. Since then, he has lived in the village for 15 years. After taking the throne, Ning Zong was called to serve in the DPRK many times, but he refused to resign. Kathy died at home in the second year (1206). On his deathbed, he wrote his last words, "My head is so big, I have no choice but to be lonely and angry", which embodies the same deep feelings of worrying about the country as Lu You's poem "Xiuer".
Poetry Creation and Poetics Yang Wanli has more than 4,200 existing poems, many of which are quite substantial. Since his first book of poetry, Jianghu Collection, he has written some works that care about national security. For example, the imperial edict of reading sin advised Xiaozong to change his strategy halfway because of frustration in resisting gold; "Tao meets turtle pavilion" expresses indignation at the rise of the party and the dismissal of Zhongliang; Therefore, I deeply regret my oath and deeply regret the patriotic minister Zhang Jun. In the winter of 16 years, Xichun was ordered to meet Jin Shi and cross Jianghuai in the north. He was filled with grief and indignation, and wrote poems, among which is the famous "Four quatrains when I first entered the Huaihe River": "It is not good for people to go to the Huaihe River when the ship leaves the Hongze River. Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is Tianya! " "The elders in the Central Plains don't talk empty words, and they can't bear to see Wang Ren." However, he returned to Hong and could not speak. He goes to Jiangnan once a year. The Huaihe River Basin was originally the territory of the Song Dynasty. Now the Huaihe River has become the border of the Song and Jin Dynasties, and the people north of the middle reaches, that is, Tianya and the north and south, have lost the freedom of communication. Looking back on the past, the poet is full of emotions, that is, he loves the scene and the other side, and achieves the artistic realm of "poetry tastes forever" (Cheng Zhai's poetry talk). In addition, like "The First Mountain in the Southeast of Xuyi Army", "The white ditch outside the gap is old, and Xiao Shui moves before the Huaihe River today"; Poems in Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jinshan, such as "The end of the great river is the shame of others, and the end of the golden mountain is the sorrow of others", as well as "Crossing the Yangtze River Bridge, looking into the distance", "Crossing the Yangtze River" and "The rain shines at dusk", also show his patriotic feelings.
Yang Wanli also wrote some poems reflecting farmers' working life, such as "Zhuzhi Ci", and wrote seven poems of boatmen sailing on rainy nights: "Fortunately, the sun is warm all night, so why bother to send more remnants and drizzle?" I know Nong Li's shoes are leaking, so I have to drag my feet! "Express concern for the hard-working underclass. Ten Solutions to Ding Wei's Ci was written when he passed by Dangtu and saw Ding Wei building a river bank. The purpose is to "send Ding Wei a song to people who are repairing Ding Wei to help them", and the poem describes the benefits brought by water conservancy projects to the people in an appreciative tone. The song of transplanting rice seedlings describes the intense labor of farmers in the rain. For example, "Half an inch of barren hills are bare, and the abundance is never full" (A trip to Qiqiao Road in Fakong Town in the morning), "Taicang does not send new jade grains, but dares to slide the spoon first" (Mixing in the Back Road after Entering the City) and "pity for agriculture", "pity for drought", "sigh for agriculture" and "sigh for autumn rain" are all from different angles.
Yang Wanli's poems are very distinctive in artistic style and expression. His poems are beginners of Jiangxi Poetry School. The preface of Jianghu Collection says: "I have written more than a thousand poems, all of which were burned in July of the year of Renwu in Shaoxing, probably in Jiangxi style." In the preface to his second collection of poems, Jing Xi Ji, he said that he studied Jiangxi first, then Chen Shidao's Five Laws and Wang Anshi's Seven Musts, and then studied the poems of the late Tang Dynasty. It was not until he was 565,438+0 years old that he "suddenly realized". Jump out of the trap of following others' footsteps, find another way and look for poetry in the face of nature: "Go back to the garden, climb the ancient city, gather together, climb over the bamboo mat and present poetry." "Gaihui refused to go, the former was not pushed, and the latter was forced." In Xu Jin's Postscript, he wrote: "I am ashamed to pass on the tradition, and the writer has his own romantic feelings." Let's rest under the hedge in Huang Chen, and Xie Tao will stand up before he leaves. Yang Wanli's poetry finally got rid of the ethos that Jiangxi poetry school was divorced from life, imitated the ancients and deliberately faked the rhythm of words, forming a unique "sincere style" that had a great influence on later generations.
The formation of Chengzhai style is related to the "living method" advocated by Yang Wanli. "Living method" was first put forward by Lv Benzhong, the author of the Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society, which means "rules can be made, unpredictable and illegal" (Preface to Xia Jun's Father's Collection). Yang Wanli's "living method" also contains this meaning, but the foothold is to learn from nature. His poetry friend Zhang Yong said: "The spirit of nature is endless, and you can catch up with it immediately." How many words people know today, it is rare to live their poems first. "Yang Wanli's" living method "lies in his leaping, pursuing nature, being good at capturing fleeting and fleeting natural interests and expressing them in lively and varied languages.
Accordingly, the outstanding feature of Chengzhai style is that it is good at skillfully absorbing the characteristics and dynamics of natural scenery. For example, "Looking at the Yunshan in Axiaoxing": "Before Yoshida wants to dawn, there are always considerable peaks everywhere." However, one of the peaks suddenly grew up, and we knew it was a real mountain. "Crossing the Xinkai Lake in Baoying County": "The clouds in the sky press the water, and the waves in the lake hit the clouds back." There are no flat forest trees in the middle, so the water is too beautiful to tear. "They are all novel, lively and interesting. Not only that, the author also expresses the "vividness" of interest through the "vividness" of scenery. For example, "Passing Song Yuanchen's Paint Shop": "Mo Yan has no difficulty going down the mountain. He earned the wrong favor from pedestrians. "Just as we entered the mountains, one mountain gave up another. Most of these poems are rich in imagination, strange, vivid and interesting, and their expressions are equally vivid, with one stroke turning and one scene turning, which is dizzying.
Another feature of Chengzhai style is humor. Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to bees and butterflies, is put into poems and written in humorous words, so that Jiang Kui has a joke that "mountains and rivers are afraid to see the king everywhere". Laugh at bees, dragonflies, children, stars and the moon, play with pens and so on. Are full of sense of humor. Some poems can also contain irony and anger in humor, such as "Looking at Jin Huashan on Hengshan Beach": "The teacher only believes in boat flow and does not make a beach map." But she was so scared that she turned the stern into the bow three times. As for "mocking Huai Feng": "Don't sweep the clear sky and fog in the north, just roll the Langtou Mountain!" Look at the ant: "How much can a micro-body get?" After a chase, the car is full! " The irony is even more obvious.
The language is simple and natural, lively and lively, and the proper choice of spoken proverbs and integration into poetry is another feature of "sincere and quick style" This is obviously a bold liberation compared with the Jiangxi school's search for uncommon classics, the use of new words, the use of dangerous rhyme and the creation of strange sentences. The Preface to Zhuzhi Songs says that the boatman is a song, which means "chanting and teasing", indicating that he has also absorbed the language form of folk songs. For example, Barry wrote about playing Fengshen: "I advise you to have a glass of wine, so why play a bad drama and shock poetry!" " Can you help me? Shohliu turned and shook his hand! "Can reflect the characteristics of the house style.
Yang Wanli was as famous as Lu You and Fan Chengda at that time. He enjoyed a high reputation in the Southern Song Dynasty and was praised by some poets in the Northern Jin Dynasty (Liu Qi's Gui Qian Zhi, Volume 8). However, Yang Wanli's poems are not as good as Lu and Fan's in content: the works that care about state affairs are far less painful than Lu You's, and the works that sympathize with people's livelihood are not as profound as Fan Chengda's, and the number is much less. Yang Wanli's main achievement is to adopt the "living method" and "follow the wind month by month". Although "Chengzhai Style" is original in conception, material selection and style, its subject matter is trivial, its realm is not very broad, and sometimes it pursues interest too much, which leads to the lack of necessary artistic generalization in some poems and appears to be hasty. Language is sometimes used indiscriminately, so that later generations have the ridicule of "being smart" and "glib". His seven-character quatrains had a great influence on Jianghu poets in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty and Guo□ and others in Qing Dynasty.
Yang Wanli's poetic theory is mainly found in Cheng Zhai Shi Hua and some prefaces. He emphasized the social function of poetry, and thought that poetry was "a tool to correct the world" (poetics), and that poetry should be made for it, which played a role in promoting the good and satirizing the evil, and could not moan without illness. In the way of expression, he attaches importance to euphemism and implication, and attaches importance to "meaning" and "taste". The "taste" of his poems not only inherits the characteristics of Si Kongtu's "verve" theory, but also is influenced by the poetic theory of Jiangxi Poetry School, and pursues "taste" without departing from "form" and "law". Of course, Yang Wanli's "law" is mainly "living law". He advocates originality and opposes the stereotype of "taste-oriented" imitation. Therefore, Yang Wanli is different from other poets of Jiangxi Poetry School. He strongly advocated the poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty and pursued the "peculiar smell of the late Tang Dynasty". When commenting on predecessors, he can also break away from the prejudice of the times and praise Du Fu, Huang Tingjian and Li Bai and Su Shi. "Preface to Jiangxi School Poetry" says: "There are four schools today, Su for Li and Huang for Du. Su Li's poems are also the wind of Ziliezi. Du Fu and Huang Zhi compose poems, and everyone's spirit rides a boat and drives a jade car. He who waits for nothing is a poet. He who waits and never waits is better than a poet. " Wonderful metaphor, often quoted by later generations. Zhai Cheng's poetry talks don't specialize in poetry, but they also have some literary theories.
Ci and Cifu "Poems of Past Dynasties" quoted Xu Qingyan's language, saying that Yang Wanli "has unique talents but no special poems, that is, his ci is also strange". He wrote 15 poems. Among them, Zhao Jun's Complaint and Song Fu Shang Ou: "I heard that Sha Ou came to stay. Little son, don't make any noise, lest you frighten him! Suddenly flew away and flew nowhere. " "I have asked to retire," and reported to Sha Ou. His poetic style is lively, fresh and interesting, which is very similar to his poetic style.
Yang Wanli's ci and fu are also quite distinctive. For example, Wu Fu is based on the tablet of Zhongxing Fu, and is as famous as Fan Chengda's Gongwa Fu in terms of criticism of Su Zong's father and son's past events and father and son. It is also of practical significance to write about Song Jun's battle to defeat the nomads from the sea and ships. Like Ouyang Xiu's and Su Shi's works, this kind of fu has got rid of the emphasis on syntax and harmony in Han Fu, rhyming with scattered momentum, and the rhyme feet are mostly before the function words, so it is smooth and natural to read.
Yang Wanli is also good at Yi-ology, and has written twenty volumes of Cheng Zhai Yi-zhuan. His views on Yi are similar to those of Cheng Yi. Because he loves to cite historical events to prove the Book of Changes, he was criticized by later scholars. However, Ji Yun and others still think that the Yi Zhuan of Cheng Zhai is indelible (Catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu).
Zhai Chengji has 133 volumes (including Jianghu Collection, Jingxi Collection and other 10 kinds of poems, as well as articles in various styles), and there is one volume of paper money in the Song Dynasty in the four major series. In addition, there are 42 volumes of Yang Wenjie's poems, which were collected and carved by Yang Yun in Ming Dynasty during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Cheng Zhai Yi Zhuan has 20 volumes, so it is better to expose the book pavilion to the Song edition. The volume of Zhai Cheng Shi Hua is 1, which is a continuation of the poetry talks of past dynasties.