What's the difference between artificially grown mushrooms and naturally grown mushrooms? There is little difference between artificially planted mushrooms and naturally grown mushrooms. The artificially planted mushrooms grow neatly and cleanly. Wild mushrooms grow widely and have impurities.
Is the mushroom growing next to pomegranate tree poisonous? It's best not to eat mushrooms indiscriminately. The mushrooms recently picked in the mountains in our hometown were poisoned after eating them. They are still natural mushrooms, but they are poisoned because of different seasons. Mushrooms in September are not poisonous. I hope to adopt them.
Naturally growing Ganoderma lucidum should be drunk with water 1. Ganoderma lucidum soaking method: cut Ganoderma lucidum into pieces, put it in a teacup, soak it in boiling water and drink it as tea. Generally, a cup of dried ganoderma lucidum can be boiled for one day.
2, Ganoderma lucidum water decoction method: cut Ganoderma lucidum into pieces, put it in a jar, add water, and take it like Chinese medicine decoction, generally decocting for 3-4 times. You can also decoct it with water for 3 times in a row and drink it slowly in a warm water bottle. There is no limit to how much you drink every day.
3. Soak Ganoderma lucidum in wine: cut Ganoderma lucidum into pieces and put it in a white wine bottle for sealing and soaking. After three days, the white wine can be drunk when it turns brown, and a certain amount of rock sugar or bee sugar can also be added.
4. Stewed meat. Or cooking soup with jujube is very effective.
If you want to take it for a long time, you can crush Ganoderma lucidum into powder and put it into capsules, and take it like medicine (5g each time).
About the price At present, the prices of cultured slices in the market are about 15 and 16 yuan (Shandong). Wild depends on the growth period, and the specific price is hard to say.
The pharmacological components of Ganoderma lucidum are very rich, among which the effective components can be divided into ten categories, including Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Ganoderma lucidum polypeptides, triterpenoids, 16 amino acids (including seven essential amino acids), protein, mannitol, steroids, coumarin, alkaloids, organic acids and trace elements such as germanium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, manganese and zinc. Ganoderma lucidum has a two-way regulating effect on human body, and the diseases it treats involve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system and motor system. Especially for preventing and treating tumors, liver diseases, insomnia and aging.
Shennong Materia Medica records that Ganoderma lucidum is the top medicine: bitter in taste, flat in nature and non-toxic. Benefiting the heart, increasing wisdom, eating for a long time, keeping fit, being young, prolonging life, living forever, etc.
Environmental cultivation season for mushroom growth
Mushrooms in Weibei dry zone have large temperature difference, low air humidity and rapid seasonal changes, so they can be planted in advance, and the time is arranged from mid-August to early September. Guanzhong Plain is arranged from the end of August to the middle of September. Of course, mushroom farmers with caves and fruit pits can pile up wheat straw for fermentation after harvest, sow it at the end of July and harvest it in late August. After harvesting the corn stalks, when the corn stalks are completely dried, the second round of sowing can be carried out. The cut corn stalks and cow dung are used for sowing at 65438+2- 1 month, overwintering, and the mushrooms begin to grow in March in spring and end before the end of May. The yield and quality are similar to those of wheat straw.
Preparation of raw materials
The main raw materials for cultivating Agaricus bisporus are wheat straw, corn straw and cow dung. Accessories; Oil residue, phosphate fertilizer, lime, gypsum, urea. The wheat harvest begins in June, and the wheat stalks are put away and piled up in the open space far away from the sowing shed. There is no need to crush when stacking: when collecting corn stalks, they can be crushed and used when drying in the sun in June 5438+065438+ 10, or they can be cut into two sections for fermentation; Cow dung should be pulled back to cool and semi-dry and mashed in advance, and then piled up into a pile with a width of 2 meters, a height of 1.5 meters and an unlimited length, naturally fermented and the temperature raised to 75℃. /kloc-turn the pile once every 0/5 days, exchange the position inside and outside, and let it ferment naturally. Cow dung can also be dried, mashed and stored for later use. In addition, chicken manure and pig manure can also be added for culture. You can't mix clods with manure. Oil residue: vegetable oil residue is the best, and cotton oil residue can also be used. Bean straw: It is best to add a small amount of bean straw to the fermentation material. Prepare phosphate fertilizer, urea, gypsum and lime. 1. Before pre-wetting the pile, sprinkle a layer of lime powder on the wheat straw pile, wet the wheat straw with a water pipe and let it soften for three days, or directly pour lime water on it. 2. When piling, pull all the weighed auxiliary materials to the front of the pile, first sprinkle a layer of lime on the ground, and spread a layer of hay on the surface, with a thickness of about 30 cm, a width of 2.3 m and a length of about 28 m 1 mu. The materials are stacked in 5-6 layers, with a layer of 25-30cm wheat straw, a layer of lime on mushrooms, a layer of cow dung, a layer of oil residue, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum (the dosage is 1/2), urea placed on the upper two layers respectively, mixed with auxiliary materials, and spread a little on each layer in 6 portions, and then spread the materials. Build a pile of such a layer of forage and a layer of accessories. Start watering after sprinkling, and water the surface of the material once. The periphery of the material should be vertical and tidy. Make a pile in the same way, the total height is 1.5m, and the top is turtle-backed. Cover with film for fermentation. 3. The temperature of the pile reaches 70-7℃ in the first 6 days, and the pile can be turned over after it is stable. The method of turning the pile is: start from one side of the pile, focus on building a new pile on the other side, and insert a wooden stick or bamboo pole, that is, turn the pile. When turning the pile, the top material of the pile should be put aside and then sandwiched, the outer material should be placed on the inner layer, the inner material should be placed on the outer layer, and the lower material should be stacked on the upper layer. When flanging, the culture material should be shaken loose, and the culture material should be stirred evenly to eliminate the waste gas in the material and increase the fresh air. Spray the remaining lime and gypsum in layers. When the substance is dry yellow and white, it means that the water is insufficient. Sprinkle water when stacking materials to replenish water. Erect a wooden stick every 50 cm. After folding the stick, shake it and pull it out, which means adding a lot of pores. Because the forage has softened after a period of accumulation and fermentation, the volume of the forage pile has been reduced, so when building the pile, the length of the forage pile should be shortened appropriately, that is, the length of the forage pile should be shortened by about 2 meters, the width and height should remain unchanged, and the forage should be vertical and tidy around, rectangular, with a turtle-back shape at the top and a film-type straw curtain at the top. Don't cover the film too tightly, which is not conducive to exhaust. Uncovering the film every other day to discharge waste gas is also conducive to raising the temperature. After about 3 days, the temperature can be raised to above 70℃, kept for 2 days, and then turned over. 4. The second time, after the moisture is adjusted for the first time, the auxiliary materials are added and the air holes are added. The material temperature rises rapidly, and it takes about 5-6 days to turn over the pile. Turn it in the same way. At this time, you can turn over the pile from one end, arrange the sticks to leave air holes, and then cover the film. After five days, turn over the pile for the third time in the same way, and spray dicofol around after turning over. 5. After the fourth pile turning for three times, the material has rotted, and the mature standard is brown-red wheat straw. When the hand is pulled, it will break, and the material will not touch the hand. At this time, the fourth turning is to spray deodorant or formaldehyde and acaricide on the upper edge of the material surface. Check the pH value, which is 8-8.5. After turning over, you can prepare the cold material for sowing in two days. 6. After the fourth pile turning, the material can be discharged when sowing. The key is to recognize the maturity of the material. Compost requires uniform decomposition, brownish red, soft and elastic straw, broken hands, no ammonia smell, no odor, no stickiness and no blackening, with loose materials as the standard. The PH value is 7-8. There must be no raw materials, or there will be ghostly fungi in culture. Specific practice: spread the pile out and exhaust the waste gas, which can be opened outdoors in cold weather or directly into the shed. According to the requirements of shed opening, different sheds, different venues, rows, distances and thick wastes are different.
Ingredients and compost
Formula of culture medium: dosage per mu 1, wheat straw 5000 kg, boron fertilizer 200 kg, fresh cow dung 10 m3, urea 40 kg, cottonseed hull 500 kg, oil residue 200 kg, lime 250 kg, gypsum 200 kg, and PH value around 8. 2. 2500 kg of corn straw, 2500 kg of wheat straw, 6 m3 of fresh cow dung, 500 kg of cottonseed hull, 200 kg of oil residue, 200 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 200 kg of gypsum, 40 kg of urea and 250 kg of lime. 3. Stacking: According to its own geographical environment, whether it is greenhouse, greenhouse, field or cave cultivation, stacking and fermentation are all built in breeding places close to the cultivation site and convenient for water and electricity. The composting fermentation steps are pre-wetting, composting, first composting, second composting, third composting, fourth composting and de-composting for about 28 days. It has been described above.
Selection and opening of greenhouses and open spaces
Mushrooms can be cultivated in existing greenhouses, large bow sheds and small and medium-sized sheds. If you want to build a shed, in the field where wheat has been harvested, the bow shed runs north and south, and the greenhouse runs east and west. Use old film or black film in greenhouse, and add straw curtain. Generally, the shed is 30-50 meters long. 1. shed opening method ① straight type: generally, three rows and two lanes (4m shed) or four rows and three walkways are paved in the shed. Pay-off shall be paved with 60cm on both sides, 1.2m in the middle and 70cm in the walkway. ② Horizontal border: Leave 70cm wide ditches in the center of the shed as horizontal border, with 80cm- 1m for each border, and the gap between ditches is 40cm. After that, calculate how many borders the shed can make. No matter which method is used to open the border, the border should be leveled in advance, weeds should be pulled out, and the soil in the shed should be watered once a day before paving, and the humidity is appropriate, so that the soil in the shed can be squeezed into pieces by hand, and then it can be spread, and 25 kilograms of lime can be sprinkled on each mu of land. 2. The method of opening the field edge is to open the edge with a straight edge, with a width of 65,438+0m, a straight edge with a width of 70cm (65,438+00cm is reserved on both sides to borrow soil), a depth of 20cm is the underground edge, and an overground edge is 20cm. Fill the soil with water, then lay the line, lay it, cool it and discharge the waste gas.
broadcast
Sowing should be carried out in sunny and cloudy days, not in rainy days, because the material will increase the water content after being wet by rain, which is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria. It is sunny at noon, and it is not suitable to sow when the sun is strong, so as not to kill the strain. 1. Spreading: Take the fermented compost out of the compost heap, put it on the bed sprinkled with fresh lime, let it cool to below 30℃, then shake the compost evenly and spread it on the bed with turtle back. The compost thickness is about 20 cm, and the compost thickness is uniform. Sow while sowing materials. 2. Sowing methods include sowing, hole sowing and layer sowing. Regardless of greenhouse cultivation or open field cultivation, wheat seeds should be sown in layers. Use 1.5-2 bottles of seeds per square meter. The strain requires thick white mycelium, no yellow water, no atrophy, no mixed bacteria and no mites. First, wash the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, disinfect the surface before use, break the strain bottle, put the seed block into a clean basin, break it by hand, take two-thirds of the strain and sprinkle it on the material surface, then grab the culture material with a fork or hand, let the strain block fall into the material layer, level the material surface, then evenly sprinkle the remaining one-third of the strain on the material surface, and finally use a board or basin. The thickness is about 4 cm. Special attention should be paid to: the area should not be too large when sowing, and how much soil should be covered. In addition, the greenhouse can be covered with soil after 7 days of sowing.
Soil covering and management
1, covering time should be covered immediately after sowing, which is beneficial to heat preservation and water growth, and mushrooms can also be produced early. Generally, mushrooms begin to grow about 25 days after sowing. If the material is wet, it can be covered with soil after 7 days of sowing, so that on the one hand, the water can be evaporated, on the other hand, the mycelium growth of the strain block can be seen. After sowing, it can be covered with film or straw curtain. 2. The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus must be covered with soil, and it is impossible to grow mushrooms without covering soil. The greenhouse and open field are cultivated evenly, and soil is directly taken from the aisle. First, break the excavated part of the walkway, sprinkle a little phosphate fertilizer, slag and lime powder on it and mix well. The maximum size of soil particles shall not exceed 2 cm, and the soil moisture shall be kneaded into a flat shape by hand and kneaded into a ball shape without sticking to hands. Cover the soil when sowing. If you sow in the open field, you can directly cover it with a plastic film and a straw curtain. The frame should be turtle-shaped, and the soil around the material surface should be tightly covered, with a uniform thickness of about 4 cm. By the way, a ditch is formed in the aisle, which can drain water, humidify, ventilate and moisturize mushrooms. 3. Sow in the management greenhouse after covering the soil. After covering the soil, the surface of the material can be covered without straw curtain. In order to prevent the rapid loss of water on the soil surface, a plastic film can be covered. Don't uncover the film for the first three days, then uncover it once a day, and ventilate for 30 minutes each time to increase the fresh air in the bacterial bed. If the soil surface is dry and white, you can spray the surface with a sprayer. If the hyphae under the film have been on the soil for about 15 days, the film can be uncovered to increase the humidity, so that the aerial hyphae can lodging and thicken, and grow linearly and horizontally, so that the hyphae in the soil can not reach the soil surface because of the dryness of the soil layer, and can be managed flexibly according to the soil conditions of the hyphae. The distance between mycelium and topsoil is 1 cm, and all substances are white. Can enter the mushroom production period management.
Mushroom production management
When the temperature drops below 20℃ and stays above 13℃, the mycelium full of substances will soon produce mushrooms. At this time, the key is to keep the soil moisture. Check whether the mycelium in the soil layer is about 1 cm away from the ground surface, the edge of the mycelium is low, the fruiting is slow, the mycelium is on the surface layer, the fruiting density is small, and it is easy to become thin-skinned mushroom with low yield. 1, mushroom promotion is to induce hypha to kink and form primordium. The main method of mushroom promotion is water, which is called mushroom water. When the mycelium grows to 1 cm above the soil surface, spray heavy water once, with water of .5-2.5 kg per square meter. Water can be sprayed according to the degree of dryness and wetness of the soil, and it should be sprayed below 20℃ in the morning or afternoon. Increase the ventilation after spraying water. Air holes should be opened on both sides of the greenhouse, and both ends should be exposed, 1-2 times a day, 30 minutes each time. After spraying water, if the temperature is appropriate, a large number of original white spots will be formed in the soil. At this time, water spraying can no longer be used to avoid the death of the original base, and attention should be paid to the management of heat preservation and moisturizing. 2. Management of fruiting body growth time. After 2-3 days, the primordium formed by water spraying will differentiate into mushroom buds. When the soybean grows to the size of soybean, spray heavy water once to increase the soil moisture and meet the water needed for the growth of fruiting bodies. This time, the water is called mushroom water. Spraying water depends on the weather, soil moisture and the size and number of mushroom buds. On sunny days, the soil is dry and white, there are many mushrooms, mushroom buds are big, and the amount of water sprayed is large. Spray water with a sprayer or pour water with a watering can. Rainy days and cloudy days, the soil is wet, there are few mushrooms, and the mushroom buds are small, so spray less or no water. When the mushroom surface is smooth, white and without scales, it means that the water is insufficient, and it is necessary to spray water in time to increase the humidity. The soil moisture of the mushroom can also be squeezed flat and round without sticking hands, and the mushroom cover can be harvested about 5 cm.
Harvest and management
1, when the mushroom buds grow to a cap diameter of 3-5, the membrane is not broken and the folds are not * * *, they will be harvested. Generally, it can be harvested in 5-7 days at a suitable temperature. When harvesting, pick the big ones and keep the small ones, and take turns picking, taking care not to hurt the young mushrooms around. For clustered mushrooms, cut the big mushrooms with a knife, leaving the small mushrooms to continue to grow. Stem 1 cm, the incision should be smooth and not broken. When cutting roots, put open mushrooms and deformed mushrooms together, put standard mushrooms together and carefully put them in plastic baskets or barrels. At the same time of harvesting, clean up the dead mushrooms and sick mushrooms on the mushroom bed, and fill the mushroom foot pit with soil. 2. Tide-turning management After harvesting each batch of mushrooms, thoroughly clean up and remove the residual roots and dead mushrooms on the grate bed, repair the covering layer, fill the foot pit of Pleurotus ostreatus, spray insecticide, cypermethrin and acaricide once each, and then spray heavy water again, which is called tide-turning. After 3-5 days, the next wave of mushrooms formed again. Some mushroom beds produce mushrooms continuously, generally 4-5 tide mushrooms, and the nutrition is basically exhausted. Before the Spring Festival is frozen, if you sow early and in early September, you can sow 2-3 crops before 65438+February, then only 1 crop, and sow 3 crops after March in spring. Guanzhong area has a dry climate, high degree of artificial management and obvious mushroom tide times. In the humid areas of the south, mushrooms are constantly produced, and there is no obvious tide. The quality of autumn mushrooms is better than that of spring mushrooms.
Overwintering management
When the temperature is lower than 10℃, few mushrooms grow. At this time, stop spraying water and do a good job in wintering management. Its practice is: cover the bed with a layer of grass curtain or film, keep warm and moisturize, remove the cover 1-2 times a week, and ventilate 1 hour at noon. If there are mushrooms on the bed, harvest them in time, check that the soil on the bed is not too dry and keep the soil in a slightly wet state.
Mushroom management in spring
After harvesting corn stalks in winter every year,11-65438+February can be used for sowing. Mushrooms grow in winter before winter and spring. These mushrooms are also called spring mushrooms. The temperature of autumn mushroom in spring is above 12℃, that is, in mid-March, it will enter the management of spring mushroom. At this time, uncover the film, spray insecticide once, then spray 1 time heavy water, drench the soil and fill the walkway with water. If the soil is dry, it can be flooded twice until the soil penetrates. In spring, the temperature rises quickly and mushrooms grow fast. You need to pick it twice a day in May to avoid picking big mushrooms. After the last two mushrooms come out, they can be sprayed with nutrients and most of them to increase the yield and quality.
Eliminate pests and diseases
In the process of mushroom growth, diseases and pests will occur due to inappropriate environmental conditions, or lack of fermentation culture materials, or failure to clean up in time after mushroom picking. Each manager is required to complete each operation strictly, hygienically and adequately. The field in the shed is often sprinkled with lime, the materials must be thoroughly cooked and mixed, and the covering soil should be clean. The water should be sanitary, clean and the air in the shed should be fresh. Once there are flies and nematodes, spray them with mushroom insecticide, beta-cypermethrin or salt water, and spots will appear on the upper surface of mushrooms. More ventilation, less water. Spraying Kangning or Chlorothalonil for early prevention and treatment can completely control the occurrence of pests and diseases.
How do mushrooms grow? Mushrooms are planted on suitable growth substrates, such as trees and grasslands, through mushroom spore germination. After a certain period of time, hyphae grow and accumulate nutrients. Mushrooms can grow under suitable temperature and humidity conditions.
The required conditions are as follows
1. Nutritional mushrooms grow normally at high temperature, with vigorous metabolism, rapid growth and high yield. Besides adequate carbon source, they need more effective nitrogen nutrition than Agaricus bisporus.
2. Temperature The temperature range of mycelium growth is 20 ~ 38℃, and the optimum temperature is 26 ~ 32℃. The temperature range of fruiting body growth and development is 24 ~ 38℃, and the optimum temperature is about 26 ~ 365438 0℃. The temperature of mycelium growth and fruiting body growth is almost the same, and there is no need to reduce the temperature difference from vegetative growth to fruiting body reproduction, which is different from the characteristics of Agaricus bisporus.
3. Because of the high growth temperature and fast growth rate, there are many mushrooms, and the water demand is more than that of ordinary varieties. The moisture content of compost during fermentation is about 65%. The water content of the covering soil layer (vegetable garden sandy loam) in the fruiting period is about 22%. The relative humidity of air during the growth of fruiting bodies is about 90%.
4. Because of the high growth temperature, strong respiration and high humidity, we must pay special attention to the ventilation of the culture environment to meet the oxygen needed for its growth and prevent the production of miscellaneous bacteria.
5. Mushrooms with 5.pH value grow and develop at high temperature, and produce a lot of acidic substances by their own metabolism. At the same time, it is beneficial to the growth of miscellaneous bacteria in high temperature, high humidity and acidic environment. Therefore, delicious mushrooms are suitable for growth in alkaline environment, and the pH value of compost and covering soil should be adjusted to about pH7.5.
6. Light mushroom does not need direct light in the whole growth and development stage of mycelium and fruiting body.
Do you have blue roses that grow naturally? There are no blue roses that grow naturally. None of the blue enchantresses on the market are real blue enchantresses, and most of them are dyed with white roses. Suntory tried to implant genes of various flowers into roses for cultivation. After some efforts, it finally succeeded in stimulating blue * * * with pansy genes. Because of this, the blue enchantresses on the market are not real blue enchantresses, and most of them are dyed with white roses.
Maggots grow naturally from carrion. Do you agree? Why not? This is just a scientific fact. All living things are born from fertilized eggs. Maggots grow in carrion because of the eggs of flies. As for why they grow in carrion, it is because of their selectivity to the growth environment.
Mushrooms grow in such a way that all cells can divide.
Where mushrooms grow ... please, mushrooms are a kind of fungi. They grow in a cool and humid environment and are easy to find under big trees. When you say eat with chicken, it's called chicken stewed mushrooms, northeast famous dishes and dried mushrooms. It's not that expensive, mainly depending on the variety. The best (personal) price of stewed chicken is about 20-50 yuan per catty. The best mushrooms can be sold to 100+, which is the highest. If it is higher, it is either a medicinal mushroom or a liar. No mushroom can be worth this price. There are mushrooms under 20 and around 20 yuan. You should take a good look at them. Some people sell them as straw mushrooms. I was born in Daxinganling, Heilongjiang, and grew up eating mushrooms. I don't study mushrooms, but I've heard many adults discuss them.