Importance of warm-up activities in sports
Classification of preparatory activities
1, general preparation activities
General warm-up activities have nothing to do with sports events, but are comprehensive preparations for the human body to play its best function during strenuous exercise.
2. Professional preparation activities
Before carrying out high-intensity and difficult sports, we usually do some special preparatory activities. Mainly to prepare the corresponding teaching content.
The role of warm-up exercise
Influence of warm-up activities on sports system
Warm-up exercise can make athletes fully mobilize the vitality of the sports system and prepare for the upcoming strenuous exercise. Its role is reflected in the following points:
1, warm-up exercise can raise the body temperature. Improve muscle elasticity, reflex speed and contraction speed, thus effectively preventing muscle strain.
2. It can dilate muscle capillaries and reduce peripheral resistance. Increase blood supply to muscles; At higher body temperature, hemoglobin and myoglobin can release more oxygen, thus increasing the aerobic supply of muscles.
3. Warm-up exercise can make the joint cavity secrete more synovial fluid, so as to reduce the friction between articular cartilage and reduce the damage of strenuous physical exercise to articular cartilage.
4. Warm-up exercises can improve the flexibility of ligaments and effectively prevent ligaments from tearing.
Effect of warm-up exercise on visceral system
Warm-up exercise can improve basal metabolic rate and body temperature, redistribute blood in the body, accelerate blood circulation, and increase blood output of the heart and alveolar ventilation.
2. Overcome the "functional inertia" of the visceral system. So that the level of cardiopulmonary function can meet the human body's demand for oxygen, delay the appearance of "pole" phenomenon and reduce the adverse impact of "pole" phenomenon on human body.
Therefore, before physical training, warm-up exercises should be done to overcome the "pole" phenomenon and visceral "functional inertia", so that the cardiopulmonary function can be mobilized, which will be conducive to adequate oxygen supply in the next activities and ensure excellent results.
Influence of warm-up exercise on nervous system
Warm-up exercise can first improve people's brain reaction speed.
1. can adjust the active muscle (contraction muscle) and antagonistic muscle (relaxation muscle) participating in exercise in time, and effectively prevent muscle ligament strain.
2. Warm-up exercise can make people's cerebral cortex in a state of excitement, improve their alertness and avoid accidental injuries. For example, you don't pay attention to the quality of warm-up exercise before the' low wall' practice of crossing the 400-meter obstacle, and your attention is not concentrated, and your movements are not in place or slow. Because the legs are not retracted in time, it is very likely to cause sports injuries.
3. Warm-up exercises can adjust the nervousness before training or competition, restrain excessive nervousness or listlessness before competition, and make psychological preparation for a smooth competition.
Matters needing attention
1, time and exercise should be appropriate.
2. Content selection should be targeted.
3. The arrangement should be scientific, comprehensive and reasonable.
4. Pay attention to novel, interesting and diverse forms.
Warm-up activity is an indispensable link in the process of physical education teaching, which must be paid attention to ideologically. It takes an adaptation process for the human body to enter a state of strenuous exercise from a quiet state. Doing warm-up exercises well can not only improve the excitability of the central nervous system, but also improve the autonomic nervous system. Enhance the heart rate function, lung function and metabolism, give full play to the speed and strength of muscles, so as to facilitate the mutual cooperation between organs, coordinate and improve the working ability of motor organs, improve physical fitness and exercise ability, prevent injury accidents, and make full physiological and psychological preparations for better completing various teaching tasks.