First, the mechanism of weight loss in diabetic patients:
Diabetes mellitus is a series of metabolic disorders caused by insulin deficiency caused by islet dysfunction or insulin resistance. First of all, due to the lack of insulin, more glucose can not enter the cells for oxidation, resulting in an increase in blood sugar concentration, that is, hyperglycemia. At the same time, hyperglycemia has the function of hypertonic diuresis, which will increase the urination of diabetic patients. Then, excessive urine and obvious water loss, dehydration and thirst center in the body are stimulated, and thirst symptoms will appear, leading to excessive drinking.
In this way, the body can't get enough water, the blood sugar is too high, and it can't accelerate the decomposition of fat and protein to supplement energy and calories, which will cause a lot of consumption of carbohydrates, fat and protein in the body, and the body will gradually slim down and its resistance will decline. In severe cases, the weight can drop by dozens of pounds, leading to fatigue and listlessness. The longer the course of disease, the higher the blood sugar; The more serious the illness, the more obvious the weight loss.
Second, why are diabetics getting thinner and thinner? Reason:
1, low protein diet
A person's body needs a proper amount of protein. For health and comfort, it is very important to take a proper amount of protein. Long-term low-protein diet will lead to malnutrition and various complications. In order to maintain the metabolism and disease resistance of human muscles, tissue repair, various enzymes and blood cells, everyone must ensure adequate intake of protein.
2. Poor blood sugar control
Especially in autoimmune diabetes and type 2 diabetes. This is because there is not enough insulin in the patient's body and the glucose in the blood cannot be fully utilized. The body always needs energy. If you can't use glucose, you will only consume fat, leading to a sudden weight loss.
3. Drug-induced emaciation
This emaciation is often due to taking some drugs that enhance human metabolism, such as dinitrophenol and thyroxine.
4. Gastrointestinal diseases
Such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, chronic nonspecific colitis and other gastrointestinal diseases, or patients with gastroparesis can cause abnormal eating, poor digestion and absorption function, leading to malnutrition and emaciation.
5. Hyperthyroidism
This is an endocrine disease. Due to the increase of metabolism, it is manifested as overeating, but too many nutrients are decomposed in the body, which greatly consumes fat and protein in the body, resulting in weight loss, sometimes as high as 65,438+00 kg in a short time. If there is no obvious other reason leading to emaciation in clinic, this disease is most likely. Symptoms include overeating and emaciation, as well as rapid heartbeat, hyperhidrosis, goiter in the neck, hand tremor and emotional excitement. A few patients have no goiter or only mild goiter, and have no hyperthyroidism, but they can be diagnosed through laboratory examination.
6. Hypofunction of adrenal cortex
Some diabetic patients only show emaciation in the early stage, which can be seen in primary adrenal hypofunction, such as adrenal tuberculosis or autoimmune adrenal diseases, and then gradually appear typical symptoms and signs such as pigmentation of skin and mucosa. The function of anterior pituitary gland decreased, and then the function of adrenal gland decreased, resulting in pale skin.
7, chronic infectious diseases, senile tuberculosis, chronic liver disease, etc.
Diabetes leads to the decline of human immunity, which can be combined with many chronic infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. Because the body's catabolism is strengthened and the digestion and absorption function is weakened, secondary infection occurs, resulting in excessive consumption of nutrients in the body and obvious weight loss. Suffering from liver diseases such as cirrhosis and ascites will inevitably lead to a decline in anabolism and an increase in consumption metabolism, and people will lose weight within a few days. Another sign of cirrhosis is weight loss accompanied by fatigue and diarrhea.
8. Malignant tumor
Diabetes is easy to be complicated with various tumors. Sometimes hyperglycemia is an early indicator of pancreatic cancer. Most malignant tumors will first show emaciation. Therefore, those who have not lost weight in the past but have lost weight recently should be vigilant. For example, pancreatic cancer with faint upper abdominal pain as the main manifestation is often mistaken for stomach disease. The prominent symptom of this disease is obvious weight loss, even exceeding 10 kg within one month. Take colon cancer as an example, it may be accompanied by painless bloody stool. People over 50 should be vigilant.