Chengdu Du Fu Caotang is the residence of Du Fu, a great poet in Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu. In the winter of 759 AD, in order to avoid the "Anshi Rebellion", Du Fu moved his family from Longyou (now southern Gansu) to Shu. With the help of relatives and friends, we built a small house to live by the picturesque Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu. The following spring, the hut was built and named "Chengdu Caotang".
Poets have lived here for nearly four years, and more than 240 poems have been handed down to this day. Because Chengdu is far away from the war-torn Central Plains and the Caotang is located in the countryside, the poet's life is relatively stable and his mood is relatively quiet, which makes his poetry creation in the Caotang mostly with pastoral flavor, such as Tang Cheng, Jiangcun and Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night. But Du Fu is, after all, a poet with great political aspirations. His concern and anxiety about the future of the country and the destiny of the people always make him unable to forget the reality. Therefore, poems about the country and people are still an important part of his creation. The famous poems written in this period, such as The Cabin Broken by Autumn Wind, Farewell, Sick Orange and Dried Brown, are all touching and immortal realistic works. It is precisely because Du Fu's poetry creation in Chengdu has left us precious literary wealth that later generations regard Chengdu Du Fu Cottage as a sacred place in the history of China literature.
196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
gate
When we came to the main entrance of the thatched cottage, we saw a rippling river circulating in front of the door. This is the Huanhuaxi that Du Fu mentioned many times in his poems.
Speaking of the origin of the poetic name Huanhuaxi, there is a touching story. According to legend, there lived a beautiful and kind girl named Ren by the Tanghe River. One day, when she was washing clothes by the stream, a monk with scabies came. Pedestrians were hiding far away, but the girl didn't give way. So the monk took off the picture frame covered with pus and asked her to wash it, and the girl accepted it gladly. I didn't know that as soon as I entered the water, the stream was full of lotus flowers, and then look at the monk, he was gone. People were very surprised. They named the river Huanhuaxi.
In fact, the name of Huanhuaxi has nothing to do with the stone man. A more credible statement is that at that time, because most residents by the stream made paper, they took the stream to make ten-color stationery, which was "as beautiful as flowers", so it was named the stream. Huanhuaxi in Tang Dynasty is wide and deep, and can sail big ships, with beautiful scenery by the stream. Du Fu's poem "Jueju" vividly describes: "Two yellow flowers and green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling (Minshan Mountain is in the west of Chengdu, with a clear ancient sky and overlooking the snow-capped mountains), and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the gate (Huanhuaxi belongs to the Yangtze River system, and the Fuhe River can go directly to Wu Dong by boat). The main entrance plaque "Caotang" was written by Prince Guo, the 17th son of Kangxi and the younger brother of Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty. The couplet "Wan Li Qiaoxi Mansion, Baihuatan Beizhuang" is a sentence in Du Fu's poem "Huai Jin Shui Ju Zhi", which points out the geographical location of the thatched cottage: "Wan Li Bridge" is now the South Gate Bridge. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang of Shu sent Wei Fei to Soochow, where he held a farewell banquet. Zhuge Liang deeply felt that the trip was a long way and the task of uniting with Wu to resist Wei was arduous, so he said, ". This bridge got its name. The thatched cottage is on the west side of the bridge; "Baihuatan" is now called "Dragon Claw Weir" in the upper reaches of Huanhua River. Some people say that its name is because the shallow water here is urgent, and the waves are higher than the waves, and a hundred flowers bloom. Others said it was because flowers and trees flourished on both sides of Huanhuaxi at that time. "Twenty miles on, Qingyang Palace goes to Huanhuaxi." (Poems by Lu You) Flowers fall in bloom, and the water overflows with fragrance. So, the thatched cottage is in the north of the pool. Now Baihuatan is not Baihuatan Park in Chengdu, but Huangyungu in Qing Dynasty, which was mistaken by local people when visiting Baihuatan ancient site.
Stepping into the main entrance, I saw a garden full of bamboos, surrounded by green water, and a natural beauty, which exactly responded to Du Fu's poem: "Huanhuaxi is at the west end of the water, and its owner is Bulintang."
great immortal
"Patrol" is an official position, where ancient officials worked. Because Du Fu once worked as a left gleaner and foreign minister in the engineering department of the school, later generations named the building out of respect.
The statue of Du Fu in the hall is the masterpiece of Qian Shaowu, a famous sculptor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. This bronze statue is kneeling and thin. It uses abstract and exaggerated artistic modeling to express the poet's suffering life and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. We stopped here to stare, as if time had gone back to 1200 years ago, when the poet was drifting on the river. He knelt at the bow of the boat and stroked the scroll with his hand. His head tilted slightly and his brow frowned, as if he were giving a heavy sigh to the sky. "When will the sorrow end?"
Du Fu, whose real name is Zimei and Shaoling, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province in July12, and died of poverty on a boat in Xiangjiang River, Hunan Province in 770. Du Fu lived in the transition period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and experienced three dynasties: Xuanzong, Suzong and Daizong. Because his great political ambition of "being a gentleman, being a gentleman" has never been reused, he has been displaced all his life and suffered a lot. Therefore, he was able to deeply understand the contradictions and disadvantages existing in the society at that time, and realize the hardships and hardships of the lower class, which were all reflected in poetry. Most of his 1400 poems handed down from generation to generation are immortal works that reflect reality and care about the country and people. For example, Three Officials and Three Farewells, Car Shop, Ergong Road and From Beijing to Fengxian are all representative works. Because of Du Fu's deep and broad feelings of thinking about the monarch, worrying about the country and loving the people, and because his poems represent the highest achievement of China's classical poetry creation, later generations regard him as a "poet saint". Marshal Ye Jianying once wrote couplets to comment on Du Fu's poems, pointing to social evils and traitors. His patriotic feelings and concern for the people are as bright as the sun and the moon. This is a very high evaluation of Du Fu's thought and his poetry creation.
There is also a famous couplet by Gu Fuchu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, which hangs on the east and west walls of Da Dan. On the first part, "Different generations, how many poets are there in a generation?" I (the author) and you (Du Fu) lived in different dynasties. How many poets and poets in China were once as talented as you and me and determined to serve the country? But it can't be taken seriously by the world, and it can only be crouching tiger in Wolong, and it can't be ambitious! The second couplet "Mr. Liu also lives in the thatched cottage, living in heaven and earth for a long time, with a bright moon and a cool breeze." That is to say, you, Mr. Du Shaoling, like me, stayed in Sichuan as a guest, but left this thatched cottage with a bright moon and a cool breeze to live with heaven and earth. The implication is that my fate is even more unfortunate. I have left nothing to future generations, but I can only disappear behind me. But the author didn't expect that it was because he wrote this couplet that his name had to be saved with the thatched cottage. This pair of couplets is very subtle and intriguing. During the period of 1958, when Comrade Mao Zedong visited the thatched cottage, he watched it carefully and meditated for a long time. Guo Moruo praised his "clear words, high-profile eternal." Can you taste its unique charm? "You can also see the panoramic view of Du Fu's thatched cottage in the big tower. Du Fu left Chengdu in the spring of 765 AD and drifted east along the Yangtze River. Shortly after the poet left, the thatched cottage was destroyed and decayed.
In the Five Dynasties, the poet Wei Zhuang was the prime minister of the pre-Shu regime in Chengdu. When he found the ruins of the thatched cottage, he "reunited with the thatched cottage" to express his memory of Du Fu. During the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1 1 century), Lv Dafang, the magistrate of Chengdu, was rebuilt again, and Du Fuxiang was painted on the wall, making the thatched cottage a memorial ancestral temple. In later dynasties, the thatched cottage was rebuilt many times, the largest of which was the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (AD 1500) and the 16th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (AD181), which basically laid the foundation for the scale and layout of the thatched cottage today. After more than a thousand years' evolution, the former residence of Du Fu's Caotang, which used to be the "first acre of Mao", has now become a memorial building group for people to pay tribute to and mourn this "poet saint", and its area has also expanded to more than 240 acres (including Meiyuan and the original Caotang Temple expanded after the founding of the People's Republic of China). Because it is not only the poet's former residence, but also a memorial ancestral temple, the whole garden and building organically combine their characteristics: the architectural style is simple and elegant, not very tall, but close to the folk houses; The architectural pattern runs through a central axis, and the main buildings from the main entrance, the tower, the poetry and history museum, Chai Men to the shrine of the Ministry of Industry are all on this line. The symmetrical ancillary buildings on both sides are retrieved by streams, connected by small bridges and surrounded by bamboo forests, which is both solemn and elegant. Strolling through it can not only pay tribute to the poets and express their respect in their hearts, but also return to nature and think about ancient love. Therefore, the thatched cottage is a successful example of the combination of memorial architecture and garden landscape.
Shishitang
The History Museum of Poetry is the central building of Du Fu Caotang Memorial Hall. Because Du Fu's poems truly and profoundly reflect the history of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, they are known as "poetry proves history and poetry supplements history", so they are called "poetry history", hence the name of architecture.
In the center of the hall, there is a bronze statue of Du Fu carved by Liu Kaiqu, a famous sculptor in China. On both sides of the statue are couplets inscribed by Comrade Zhu De: "Caotang stays behind, and poets write a thousand years." This couplet shows the lofty and immortal status of Du Fu and his former residence Caotang in people's minds.
There is also a couplet written by Guo Moruo, a famous historian, writer, poet and calligrapher in modern times: "The poems of sages and philosophers are scarred on earth, and the sufferings of the people are at the bottom of the pen." This couplet highly summarizes two aspects of Du Fu's poems: worrying about the country (the first couplet) and worrying about the people (the second couplet). Profound content, stable works, unique and passionate calligraphy have always been praised by people.
Water sill and Chai Men
Out of the museum of poetry and history, we saw a stream interspersed between buildings and a small stone bridge connecting the traffic. In the bamboo forest on the left side of the bridge, there is a "water sill" across the stream; After crossing the small bridge, "Chai Men" opened face to face. "Watersill" and "Chai Men" are the buildings that Du Fu's Caotang once had. In Du Fu's poems, there are descriptions of "fishing by adding water" and "Chai Men doesn't open the river by river". The so-called "water sill" is the wooden fence on the water pavilion, and the "Chai Men" is just the gate of the hut, which can be said to be very simple and far from what we see today. The current "Watersill" and "Chai Men" are landmark buildings built by later generations when they rebuilt the thatched cottage and expanded the garden. However, we can still see things and think of people, and imagine poets welcoming guests here or fishing on the fence. A couplet written by He in the Ming Dynasty and supplemented by Chen hangs on the pillar of Chai Men today: "There are thousands of rays of light, and there are articles that surprise the sea;" Thousands of years of admiration, especially the old horses and chariots stationed in Jianggan. " The conception of couplets is ingenious. The first couplet "Brilliance" comes from the poem "Du Li's article is there, the flame is long" written by Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. And "believing in articles surprises the sea" and the second couplet "traveling old chariots and horses in Jianggan" come from two sentences in Du Fu's poem "Bin Zhi". Du Fu's poems mean: What masterpieces do I have that shock the world? In this case, the guests will come to the river in chariots and horses to visit each other! This is the poet's words of self-modesty, but one word is changed in each of the two poems: the word "qi" is replaced by "faith" (which means true affirmation), and the word "person" (which means self-denial) is replaced by "Jude" (which means being quiet and motionless), and the meaning of the whole couplet becomes a compliment: your husband. Isn't it? We joined the ranks today, and we traveled thousands of miles to visit the thatched cottage. It can be seen that the author of couplets is still very prescient!
There is a stone tablet hidden in the pavilion.
To the east of the shrine of the Ministry of Industry, there is a small stone tablet engraved with the words "Shaoling Caotang", which is also the handwriting of Prince Guo.
"Shaoling" was originally a place name, in Chang 'an County, south of Xi 'an. This was the former site of Du in ancient times. Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was buried here after his death, so his mausoleum was called "Ling Du". There is a tomb of Queen Xu nearby, which is called "Shaoling" because it is smaller than the mausoleum. Du Fu's distant ancestor was a "Jingzhao Ling Du native", and he himself once lived here for a long time. In his poems, he once called himself "Lord Ling Du" and "Lord Shaolin", so people called him "Du Shaoling". As I said before, Du Fu's hut has long been destroyed.
In the autumn of 76 1 a.d., a strong wind blew through his painstakingly-managed hut, which made the poet write the immortal masterpiece "The hut was blown by the autumn wind". The poet's ideal of "an endless building complex is a great refuge for all the poor in the world" and his selfless spirit of "freezing to death is enough for one person" have been moving for thousands of years! Of course, it is not difficult to see that this hut is very fragile. After Du Fu left, the thatched cottage fell into disrepair and was rebuilt many times by later generations. It has become a memorial shrine, and it is difficult to find traces of the "hut". The purpose of building this thatched cottage is to arouse people's association with the simple and natural thatched cottage in the past. It seems that this goal has been achieved, and many people who visit the thatched cottage will take pictures here as a souvenir, which is the best proof.
Maowu scenic spot
Unfortunately, I can't visit the thatched cottage where Du Fu wrote the immortal poem "The thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind". In order to make up for this regret and let people better appreciate Du Fu's living environment, Du Fu's Caotang Museum has rebuilt a "Caotang Scenic Area" in recent years.
In front of us, according to the description in Du Fu's poems and the pattern of rebuilding the thatched cottage in the Ming Dynasty, the "thatched cottage scenic spot" was restored and rebuilt. Surrounded by streams, the scenic spots are shaded by trees, bamboo hedges are flying, and the grass is lush, creating the pastoral scenes described in Du Fu's poems, such as "I am in the north, I am in the south, and spring water is flooding", "Qingjiang River is the song of holding the village", "There must be nymphs when you live in it", "Chai Men Ancient Road", "Wild old hedges return to the river bank" and "the grass is deep and fascinating". Pushing away the creaking Chai Men, planting "four pines" on the left and "five peaches" on the right, the ancient south is connected with it, Mianzhu is covered with Lv Yun, the vegetable garden is green, the medicine column is gloomy, the chessboard painted by the poet's wife is still on the stone, and the fishing line of the little children is still leaning against the fence ... All these make people feel the strong pastoral interest when the poet lives here. The simple hut built according to the style of rural houses in western Sichuan confirmed Du Fu's description of "knowing Mao Zhai is extremely low and small", which made him unconsciously recite Du Fu's poem "Jiangcun": "But there is an old friend who provides rice and wants nothing more!"
Visiting Du Fu Caotang, there are also places worth visiting, such as red walls, flower paths hidden by bamboo, broken porcelain inlay, quaint and unique "Caotang" screen wall, beautiful and charming plum garden. I don't need to introduce them one by one
Thank you!