Cloning is a transliteration of the English word clone, which comes from the Greek word klon. Its original intention is to cultivate plants through asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction, such as stem cutting and grafting.
Today's cloning refers to the asexual reproduction of organisms through somatic cells and the population of offspring individuals with exactly the same genotype formed through asexual reproduction. Cloning can also be understood as copying, copying, that is, producing the same copy from the prototype, and its appearance and genetic genes are exactly the same as the prototype.
1February, 1997, the news that Dolly the Sheep was born immediately attracted the attention of the whole world. This cloned sheep bred by British biologists through cloning technology means that human beings can use a somatic cell in an animal to create the same life as this animal, breaking the eternal laws of nature.
How to evaluate cloning technology?
No matter how to criticize and beautify his behavior, many famous scientists in the world have similar views: "Learian" has no scientific purpose in conducting human cloning experiments, in a word, it is not for scientific progress.
Many scientists believe that when commenting on the event of human cloning, it is important to first make clear: does human beings need human cloning?
Ali, Department of Genetics, Sergenov Medical College, Moscow? Professor Asanov commented that the possibility of technology and technology far exceeds our understanding of "what human needs".
Supporters of human cloning argue that this technology can help infertile people have their own offspring.
In fact, this requirement can be met in other safer and more effective ways. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is only an excuse to use cloning technology to carry on the family line, and there is an unscientific commercial purpose hidden behind the human cloning experiment.
Professor Asanov believes that at present, human cloning has no prospect and no significance. It is worth pointing out that no one can predict the consequences of human cloning now, so it is immoral to conduct human cloning experiments now.
Repairing diseased organs is the future of cloning.
Professor Asanov said that the Russian scientific community firmly believes that the future of cloning technology should be the application in medical treatment, that is, "medical therapeutic cloning". But the problem is that the expression of this term is still extremely inaccurate.
"Medical therapeutic cloning" is essentially a method of establishing transplanted cell materials, which has nothing in common with current cloning. It is a cell technology that can cultivate healthy organs, and diseased organs can be partially or completely replaced by this technology.
According to Professor Asanov's explanation, scientists only touched on the process that happened inside the human body, and only had a superficial understanding. Not long ago, scientists interpreted the human genome map, but they still can't apply the acquired knowledge well to uncover the mystery of the human body. To this end, scientists have to conduct in-depth research for several years before they can improve and master cloning technology.
Now, 99% of clones will be ugly.
Professor Asanov said that Russian scientists have warned more than once that 99% of the products of cloning experiments are ugly.
Their example is: Dolly the famous cloned sheep was obtained after 300 failures. Unfortunately, Dolly is not a healthy lamb. She suffers from arthritis and other diseases, and has symptoms of premature aging. In addition, various developmental deformities were found in all other cloned animals. Russian scientists, including Professor Asanov, believe that it is at least irresponsible to conduct human cloning experiments under such circumstances. The life of human cloning will be a nightmare. At the age of 30, they will become old people.
What can cologne water have?
It should be said that all creatures can be cloned.
What is cloned now?
Frog: 1962, unsuccessful.
Carp: 1963, China scientist Tong Dizhou successfully cloned a female carp by inserting the DNA of a male carp into the egg of a female carp as early as 1963, which was 33 years earlier than Dolly's cloning. However, because the related papers were published in a China sci-tech journal and were not translated into English, they are not well-known internationally. (From: Public Broadcasting Company)
Sheep: 1996, Dolly
Macaque: Tetra, female, June 5438 +2000 10.
Pigs: in March 2000, 5 Scottish PPL piglets; August, Xena, female
Cattle: 200 1 year, alpha and beta, male.
Cat: 200 1 ending, plagiarist (CC), female.
Mouse: In 2002
Rabbit: It was independently realized in France and South Korea from March to April, 2003;
Mule: May 2003, Gem, Idaho, male; June, Utah pioneer, male
Deer: Dewey in 2003.
Ma: Prometea, female, 2003.
Dog: 2005, experimental team of Seoul National University, South Korea, Snaby.
Although great progress has been made in cloning research, the success rate of cloning is still quite low: before Dolly was born, researchers experienced 276 failed attempts; After 9000 attempts, 70 calves were born, and one third of them died at an early age. Prometea also made 328 attempts to be born successfully. For some species, such as cats and orangutans, there are no reports of successful cloning. The cloning experiment of dogs is also the result of hundreds of repeated experiments.
Dolly's age test after birth showed that she was old when she was born. At the age of six, she developed arthritis, which is common in old age. This aging is thought to be caused by the wear of telomeres. Telomeres are terminal chromosomes. With cell division, telomeres are constantly worn during replication, which is usually considered as the cause of aging. However, after successfully cloning cows, the researchers found that they were actually younger. The analysis of their telomeres shows that they not only return to the length at birth, but also are longer than the telomeres at birth. This means that they can live longer than ordinary cattle, but many of them die prematurely because of overgrowth. Researchers believe that related research can eventually be used to change human life span.
Human cloning
Because of the possible ethical and practical consequences, human cloning has always been a controversial topic. Many people think it is immoral to try to clone human beings, but some scientists openly claim to try to clone human beings. Some groups claim that they are conducting human cloning research or have cloned people, but there is no independent source to confirm this.
Respondent: Manager Xiao Zhang, Level 4 3-22 19:32.
-
Clone is a transliteration of the English word "clone". When used as a noun, it refers to a group of genetically consistent DNA molecules, cells or individuals that are asexually propagated from a single ancestor. When used as a verb, it refers to the process of asexual reproduction. In recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning is the operation of inserting a specific gene or genome into a self-replicating DNA vector and introducing it into a host cell for proliferation, thus providing an effective way for the mass reproduction and growth of biological strains with the same gene. The emergence of cloning technology will have a far-reaching impact on the development of human society.
draw
picture
Respondent: Xiao Jieting-probationary period level 1 3-22 19:33.
-
abstract:
In this paper, the problems and limiting factors in the production of fruit tree seedlings in China are comprehensively expounded, the trend of seedling production abroad is analyzed, and a new seedling raising technology-plant rapid propagation in vitro is put forward to realize the industrialized, automated and industrialized production mode of seedling production. Combined with production and scientific research practice, this paper summarized the application and advantages of rapid propagation technology in fruit tree seedling, pointed out the key points of rapid propagation technology of different fruit trees, and showed the application of this technology in rapid propagation of fruit tree seedlings.
Key words: non-test tube rapid propagation technology of plants, fruit trees, seedlings, self-rooted seedlings, virus-free seedlings, industrialization, grassland orchard
introduce
Fruit production is an important industry in China's agricultural production, the main economic source of rural economic development in many areas, and also a traditional pillar industry. It has a long cultivation history and rich management experience. In the aspects of seedling propagation, production, cultivation management and harvesting and processing, an industrial chain has been formed before, during and after delivery. However, analyzing the present situation of China's fruit industry development, compared with developed countries, China's two major links, prenatal and postpartum, are relatively weak, which is also the main factor affecting the competitiveness of China's fruit industry in the international market. For example, from prenatal variety breeding to rapid propagation to variety structure adjustment in production, it is very weak, extremely slow in the process of new variety promotion, extremely traditional and backward in propagation means, which is far from industrialized rapid seedling raising in developed countries [1]. At present, the situation in China is that the owners of seedlings are scattered, and even some places are self-bred and self-bred, with backward technology. The cultivated seedlings meet the standard of strong seedlings and there is no trend of large-scale industrialization. This is mainly due to the backward means and methods of seedling raising technology, and also related to the fact that the productivity of seedling raising depends on the weather. For example, there should be few greenhouse seedlings, plug seedlings and virus-free seedlings in developed countries in China. These factors have become the main limiting factors for the industrialization of fruit tree seedlings. In order to solve these problems, China's scientific research and production units have invested in research and introduction of advanced seedling raising technology, and introduced foreign production processes and corresponding seedling raising facilities, such as virus-free tissue culture, facility cultivation, container substrate seedling raising and other technologies, but the effect is not very satisfactory. On the one hand, the investment of ordinary seedling professionals is unbearable, and on the other hand, the technical operation needs the support of professionals. Therefore, despite the continuous introduction of technology from developed countries, few of them are really digested and absorbed for production. In order to solve these problems, the Agricultural Intelligent Rapid Propagation Center of Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhejiang Province set foot in this field. At the same time of introducing foreign advanced technology, combined with China's national conditions and productivity, a new seedling raising technology, called non-test tube rapid propagation of plants, was developed. This paper introduces the application of this technology in fruit tree seedling raising, so that more production and scientific researchers can master and apply this technology, and use it to cultivate a large number of commercial seedlings with low price and high quality for the current industrial development.
Non-test-tube rapid propagation of plants is a brand-new seedling raising technology.
Non-test-tube rapid propagation of plants is a new technology developed on the basis of traditional cutting seedling raising and tissue culture techniques. It is a technology that uses computer environment control means to create the best thermophilic gene thermal environment for plant in vitro materials, so that the root primordium of plants can be expressed quickly and the roots can be fully developed. At the same time, combined with nutrient solution soilless seedling strengthening technology, rapid proliferation and multi-generation circulation of in vitro materials are realized, and geometric multiplication of seedlings is realized. Using this technology, the in vitro materials of fruit trees with one leaf and one bud can be propagated by 100 times or even 1000 times in one year, which is of great significance for promoting the rapid popularization of a new variety and promoting the adjustment of its industrial structure. Now briefly introduce some of its characteristics. (1) The annual rapid propagation of fruit tree seedlings can be realized by using computer environmental control technology, which is not limited by seasons like traditional seedling raising. (2) Rapid propagation technology can provide a large number of asexual seedlings with stable genes and consistent characters for production. (3) It can make some varieties that can't take root at all under the conventional cutting technology quickly take root and become seedlings. (4) A large number of tedious rootstock grafting operations under the traditional seedling raising can be saved, and the purpose of reducing the cost can be achieved. (5) The geometric multiplication of maternal materials in the annual cycle can be realized, and the promotion speed of new varieties can be greatly accelerated. (6) Fast-growing seedlings have a great physiological promotion on dwarfing and close planting of fruit trees and early maturity and high yield. (7) It can achieve the technical effect of annual transplantation and annual garden construction. (8) The combination of isolation and rapid propagation can greatly reduce the production and cultivation costs of virus-free seedlings and greatly promote the application and popularization of virus-free seedlings in production.
For example, some peaches, plums, plums, cherries, chestnuts, bayberry, loquat, etc., which are difficult to take root under ordinary technology, can take root quickly by using rapid propagation technology. Only one branch, one leaf and one bud of excellent varieties are cut during cultivation, so as to realize rapid rooting and seedling formation in a short time. These varieties are difficult to realize under conventional conditions, so what factors make some fruit tree varieties that cannot survive by cutting or tissue culture under traditional and conventional conditions take root and become seedlings under rapid propagation technology? The key is to optimize the climate environment of seedling raising and combine various comprehensive technical measures to promote rapid rooting. For example, the original field cutting or indoor tissue culture is changed into technical improvement with inorganic substrate as carrier and nutrient solution hormone as supplement; The closed environment of traditional tissue culture is changed into the open environment of field seedbed, and the traditional autotrophic and semi-autotrophic rooting process is changed into full light and autotrophic rooting process. The improvement of these technical measures constructed the best physiological model for rooting of fruit tree materials in vitro. For example, cutting seedlings, in the case of leafless hard branches, will encounter the disharmony of environmental temperature changes, and most of them germinate first and then take root, so that most of the nutrients in the branches are consumed by the germination and growth of buds, so that the nutrients in the roots can not be supplied to the maximum extent; In addition, in the soil environment, bacterial infection in the incision and rooting obstacles caused by too wet and dry water are often encountered. When cutting with leaves, the method of cutting leaves is often used to avoid the imbalance between water supply and demand caused by excessive leaf transpiration and the lack of photosynthetic nutrition. Because the fruit branches are leafy, the nutrients and hormones needed for rooting are mainly provided by leaf photosynthesis. However, if sugarcane is used for shading to reduce evaporation, it will cause insufficient light and photosynthesis, which will affect rooting. Therefore, it is difficult for most fruit tree varieties to take root, which is naturally difficult to achieve under the traditional cutting seedling raising. In addition, the same is true of tissue culture technology. After years of research, the problems of rooting culture and seedling hardening of many fruit trees have not been solved. Many varieties can complete bud proliferation culture, but rooting culture is difficult, even after rooting, hardening seedlings and transplanting will fail. The key problem is that the process of tissue culture is a process of heterotrophic culture and closed environment, and the photosynthesis and respiration of cultivated seedlings are often abnormal [2]. At the same time, the seedlings cultured in closed test tube space have poor adaptability to the outside world, and the domestication and transplanting of seedlings have become a major production problem for the success of tissue culture. In addition, the genetic variation of seedlings often affects the purity of seedlings due to the induction of chemical agents. Non-test-tube rapid propagation is a technical process to start rooting genes and achieve the goal of seedling formation by using the photosynthetic capacity of material leaves under the environment of full illumination and open inorganic substrate. Non-test-tube rapid propagation technology usually uses loose, breathable and sugar-free inorganic substrates such as perlite and vermiculite as carriers, which can avoid the problems of bacterial growth and infection caused by soil organic matter and sugar addition in tissue culture. In this environment, bacteria and fungi will not reproduce and spread even if they enter the seedbed. At the same time, combined with computer environment control technology, the best environment for rooting of test tube materials was created and simulated, so as to maximize the photosynthetic autotrophic process [3] and optimize the environment of incision rooting parts. Combined with carbon dioxide forced supply technology, the photosynthetic efficiency of in vitro materials per unit leaf area is improved several times, which can continuously provide rich carbon source and hormone energy demand for the formation and expression of root free radicals at the incision site. In addition, combined with mineral nutrient solution supplementary spraying technology, it provides mineral ion nutrients needed for rooting process, which has a good comprehensive effect on rooting and seedling strengthening. Through the innovation and transformation of these technologies, we have achieved good results that fruit tree varieties that usually do not take root or are difficult to take root can take root quickly. For example, in the environment of rapid propagation technology, the rooting survival rate of peach trees can reach more than 85%-90%, and chestnut, which is extremely difficult to root, can reach more than 80%, and the rooting time is short. Peach 15-20 began to take root, while chestnut took only 25 days to take root [4]. In addition, the seedlings cultivated by this method have the characteristics of extremely developed adventitious roots and large rootstock ratio, which are most suitable for transplanting in high temperature growth season and achieve the efficient purposes of rapid propagation and annual transplanting.
The development and application of non-test-tube rapid propagation technology of plants has opened up a brand-new space for the rapid industrialization of fruit tree seedling production, and played a great role in accelerating the propagation speed of excellent varieties and promoting the process of variety structure adjustment.
Specific application of plant non-test tube rapid propagation technology in fruit trees
Non-test-tube rapid propagation technology of plants has been widely used in fruit trees, which has solved the problems of low survival rate, long cycle and difficulty in standardization and industrialization in seedling propagation. Especially for some fruit tree varieties with long seedling raising period, the seedling raising period can be greatly shortened, and a large number of high-quality seedlings with consistent commodities and stable heredity can be produced quickly and conveniently for production; In addition, it is also of great significance in variety propagation, and it has the fastest effect on how to make the newly bred varieties reach a certain number at the shortest and fastest speed, meet the needs of production, optimize the variety structure and speed up the renewal speed; It also plays a special role in cultivating virus-free seedlings. When it is implemented in artificial substrate and relatively isolated environment, it can cut off various transmission routes between soil and insects, and provide the most ideal and lowest-cost technical path for the propagation of virus-free seedlings. It also has incomparable advantages over other seedlings in early fruiting and dwarfing and close planting. In orchard construction, we can also use rapid propagation seedlings for annual transplanting and annual planting to break the seasonal restrictions; In the popularization of grassland orchard technology, asexual rapid propagation of self-rooted seedlings is more suitable for mowing [5]. These uses are briefly introduced, so that rapid propagation technology can become a practical high-tech that fruit farmers can master and operate.
(1) is used to cultivate self-rooted seedlings of fruit trees. The so-called self-rooted seedling is to give full play to the self-rooted ability of unearthed objects and form a self-rooted root system directly related to plants. Usually, most fruit trees use grafting, that is, using the root system of rootstock. This is because it is difficult to realize the spontaneous rooting of peach, plum, apricot, cherry, bayberry, loquat, mango, litchi, longan and other branch materials under traditional circumstances. Even if some of them can take root under fine artificial management environment, the survival rate and commercialization degree of seedlings are low, which can not meet the technical requirements of industrial standardization. Using rapid propagation technology, the above-mentioned in vitro materials with branches or leaves can take root in a short time and form adventitious roots with self-rooted seedlings, such as stone fruit trees such as peaches, plums, apricots and cherries. In the rapid propagation seedbed, materials with one leaf, one bud or branches with leaves can take root within 15-20 days and can be transplanted within 30 days. Fruit trees that are not easy to take root, such as chestnut, bayberry, loquat, mango, litchi and longan, can also achieve the effect of transplanting roots for 30-45 days; This can greatly shorten the breeding cycle of 1-2 years under normal conditions and greatly accelerate the promotion of new varieties. Moreover, the rapid propagation of the above varieties without test tubes not only has no influence on flowering, fruiting and growth characteristics, but also has better early fruiting and high yield. In the case of traditional grafting, these varieties are basically grafted with this rootstock, so the stress resistance will not change after rapid propagation, and branches and leaves can be directly taken for rapid propagation.
(2) It is suitable for rapid propagation of heterogeneous varieties. For fruit tree varieties with different rootstocks, such as apple pear or some grape varieties that need special resistance of rootstocks, grafting rapid propagation method can be used. For example, apple, pear and other dwarfed rootstocks or varieties that use rootstocks to improve disease resistance and enhance soil climate adaptability are dwarfed, and some grape varieties with poor growth potential and cold resistance, such as direct rapid propagation, lose the best domestication effect and the expression of unique characters of rootstocks. For example, Beida rootstock is used to improve the cold resistance of grapes in northern China and the resistance to nematodes in some areas, and Kyoho, a vigorous variety, is used as rootstock to improve the growth potential of Fujiminori grapes with weak growth potential, so as to realize the cultivation of big fruit and big fertilizer. This kind of fruit trees that need to optimize the variety characteristics through rootstock characteristics can be grafted and propagated quickly. The so-called rapid propagation by grafting means that the branches and buds of the rootstock are removed at the same time, the interface is bound and combined by fruit tree grafting, and then the grafted material in vitro is propagated quickly on the seedbed, so as to achieve the technical purpose of simultaneous healing of the interface and rooting of the rootstock incision. Although this method increases the grafting operation procedure, it can still achieve the effect of direct rapid propagation in seedling raising speed, especially in the computer-controlled rapid propagation seedbed, the interface callus will be faster and better.
(3) The utilization rate per unit area is greatly improved. Through the combination of the above two methods, the rapid propagation and seedling formation of almost all fruit tree species have been realized. The efficiency and speed of seedling raising are greatly improved, and the management cost is greatly reduced. Generally, a batch of 400- 1000 plants/m2, subject to non-overlapping leaves. In addition, at least 5-6 batches can be cultivated a year, so that the number of seedlings per square meter area is geometrically higher than that in the traditional field, reaching thousands or even tens of thousands. A standard rapid propagation seedbed of 240 square meters can cultivate 500-/kloc-0.00 million fruit trees every year. The implementation of this high-density industrialized automatic seedling raising technology has greatly reduced the labor cost of production and is the most effective and fastest at present.
(4) Self-rooted seedlings can advance the fruiting period and high-yield period of fruit trees. The research and exploration in this field in foreign countries began very early, especially in Taiwan Province Province and Japan. Under the protected cultivation and high-density cultivation environment of peach trees, asexual self-rooted seedlings have been popularized. It has stronger early fruiting than grafted seedlings, and the root system of adventitious roots is more conducive to crown control. At present, under the technical system of promoting root-limited cultivation or root-field cultivation, it has more technical advantages to popularize and apply rapid propagation of asexual self-rooted seedlings. After the fibrous root system of adventitious roots was cultured, the crown formed was more open, and the growing branches were less and ineffective, which achieved a good effect of dwarfing and crown control. Using self-rooted seedlings to build gardens on peach and plum trees, the yield in the first seven years is much higher than that of grafted seedlings [the same is true for other varieties, which all have strong early fruit performance [6]. Israel uses this seedling to cultivate 3,000-4,000 plants per mu in grassland and peach garden, which can make the secondary annual output reach more than 5,000 kilograms per mu, make full use of the early space of orchard and improve the early benefit.
(7) The low-cost propagation and multiplication of virus-free seedlings were realized. In order to realize the low-cost production of virus-free seedlings, developed countries are vigorously promoting virus-free seedling technologies such as apples, grapes, strawberries and dates, especially apples. However, China's productivity level is low, and there are still market and technical problems in cultivating and popularizing high-cost virus-free seedlings. However, if in vitro rapid propagation is combined with rapid propagation technology, a large number of virus-free seedlings can be cultivated at low cost, which is more operable than seedling raising in soil natural environment. In operation, it is only necessary to remove the in vitro materials of virus-free parent plants in tissue culture, and then propagate rapidly in the rapid propagation seedbed environment isolated by root-promoting seedling and insect-proof net, so as to cultivate virus-free subculture, and then isolate and proliferate the subculture, that is, culture in nutrient solution in the isolated environment, so as to make its branches grow rapidly, and collect the branches for rapid propagation, thus achieving the geometric proliferation effect of virus-free seedlings. The cost of virus-free seedlings cultivated by this method is extremely low, which is only110-1/20 of the cost of traditional tissue culture virus-free seedlings, which is convenient for production and popularization and has a great promotion effect on advocating the popularization of virus-free seedling technology.
(8) Nursery stock for grassland orchard construction. The rapid propagation of self-rooted seedlings shows greater technical advantages in the construction of grassland orchards, because after harvesting, grassland orchards need to adopt unique cutting or re-cutting methods to control the growth of trees and the closure of orchards; However, the traditional grafted seedlings often have long rootstocks after pruning, which affects the rapid recovery of crown and increases the workload of field germination and pruning. Therefore, most of the seedlings used to build grassland orchards abroad should adopt rootless self-rooted seedlings.
Rapid propagation methods of several main fruit trees
In the intelligent environment controlled by computer, the best thermal environment of hot phosgene was created for the development and rooting of in vitro materials of fruit branches or leaves, and the environmental problems of seedling raising were solved scientifically and effectively. Inorganic substrates such as perlite are used to solve the problems of air permeability and bacterial infection during rooting. In the process of rapid propagation of fruit tree seedlings, the main techniques are the selection of materials and the treatment of chemicals, which are the main factors affecting the rooting survival rate. This paper expounds the different rooting treatment methods needed by various fruit tree varieties with different rooting types and difficulty.
(1) Treatment methods and material requirements for easily rooted varieties. Peach, plum, apricot, cherry, grape, fig and raspberry are all easy to take root. These varieties can reach more than 90% rooting survival rate only in the growing season with leaves, and the root system characteristics are developed. This kind of variety generally takes branches with one leaf, one bud or two buds as in vitro materials, and is soaked in fast-propagating treasure or low-concentration indolebutyric acid for root promotion treatment. Generally, the low concentration soaking time is 100-200PPm, and the incision soaking time is 1-2 hours. In order to improve the working efficiency in production, high-concentration soaking, that is, 1000ppm indocyanine treatment for 3-5 seconds can also be carried out. The rapid propagation of these varieties is the season with the fastest rooting and the highest survival rate in the vigorous growth period of branches.
(2) The treatment methods and material requirements of citrus, loquat, apple, pear, kiwifruit and other varieties that are difficult to take root. It is required to obtain in vitro materials from young trees under 3-5 years old, preferably branches with strong growth and no pests and diseases. In vitro materials made from these branches have sufficient endogenous growth hormone, high photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and easy and developed rooting. In rapid propagation, branches with leaves or one leaf and one bud are used as in vitro materials, and the cut is treated with high concentration of Gengenbao or indolebutyric acid and indoleacetic acid, usually the concentration is controlled between 500- 1000ppm, and the cut is soaked for 1-2 hours. Among them, the effect of treating apples and pears with indolebutyric acid is better, and the ideal effect can be achieved by touching the roots with talcum powder. After these treatments, the survival rate of most varieties can reach above 80-85%.
(3) Castanea mollissima, Myrica rubra, mango and longan, which are extremely difficult to take root, need special treatment. These varieties contain a large number of substances that hinder rooting, among which monoglyceride is the main inhibiting factor of chestnut and Myrica rubra, and mango and longan materials contain high content of abscisic acid and other root inhibiting substances. For these varieties, sugarcane light treatment can be carried out on the mother tree to reduce the synthesis of root-inhibiting substances in the body. You can also wrap black paper on the tree to reduce the content of inhibitory substances in the treated part, or treat the in vitro material with cut running water and silver nitrate [7] to remove some inhibitory substances, and then take root with growth hormone. Generally, 65,438+000 ppm of high concentration indolebutyric acid is prepared, and the incision is carried out for 4-6 hours. After the above treatment, it is propagated in rapid propagation seedlings. In addition, for these varieties that are extremely difficult to take root, materials must be taken from young trees or seedlings that have been successfully propagated, so as to achieve better results. Usually, after many generations of circulation, the survival rate can be greatly improved. Therefore, for the production of varieties that are difficult to take root, it is required to form a technical system of seedling propagation, that is, the rapid propagation of seedlings as the female parent can be circulated for several generations in succession, which can stimulate the material to have greater rooting potential and minimize the root-inhibiting substances in the material.
The application of rapid propagation technology can make various fruit tree varieties take root quickly and become seedlings quickly. Even varieties that are extremely difficult to take root can induce roots and form developed roots in an intelligent environment. Only by mastering the rooting characteristics of various plants in production can we design targeted rapid propagation treatment schemes and achieve good rooting and seedling raising effects of various fruit trees.
Broad application prospect
The application of plant non-test-tube rapid propagation technology in fruit trees is a brand-new technology in the development of fruit tree industry at present, and its application in production and scientific research is still an accepted process. However, judging from the current development trend of fruit tree seedling industry, it is the only way to get out of the traditional seedling system and realize modern factory automation and large-scale seedling raising. Only in this way can we strengthen the prenatal industrial chain of fruit tree industry and accelerate the cultivation, reproduction and popularization of new varieties. Only in this way, the majority of fruit farmers can realize the optimization of variety structure adjustment at the lowest cost, so that the development of fruit industry can keep up with the pace of variety upgrading and produce more high-quality fruits to meet the needs of the market and people's lives. Its application is a technological revolution in the fruit industry, and it has a very broad development and application prospect.
Application of non-test tube rapid propagation technology of plants in fruit trees
Xu Weizhong, Zhao Gen, Zeng Fanqing
Lishui agricultural science research institute agriculture intelligent kuaifan center
This paper comprehensively expounds the problems and limiting factors in the current production of young fruit trees in China, analyzes the trend of seedling production abroad, puts forward a new seedling raising technology-non-test-tube rapid propagation technology to realize the factory, automation and factory production mode of seedling production, briefly expounds the various aspects and advantages of rapid propagation technology in fruit tree seedling raising, and points out the key points of rapid propagation technology of different fruit trees, showing the broad prospects and application of this technology in fruit tree seedling rapid propagation.
Key words: non-test tube rapid propagation technology of plants, fruit trees, seedlings, self-offspring, virus-free seedlings, industrialization, lawn orchard
About the author: Xu Weizhong, researcher, director of the Agricultural Intelligent Rapid Propagation Center of Lishui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Province, and a national rural youth leader in 2004. He presided over the research and development of more than ten technologies, such as rapid propagation of plants in vitro, aquatic mutation technology of plants, greenhouse control computer and intelligent cultivation technology of sprouts. Among them, plant in vitro rapid propagation was recognized as the leading technology in China and won the national spark plan project, and the intangible assets evaluation reached 1.
Tel: 0578-2268927, 2367609
E-mail :clonezwkf@hotmail.com.
References:
1, Nie, Zhang,. Investigation report on the present situation of fruit tree breeding in Holland. Fruit trees in Hebei province. 1995 (3). -38-38
2,,,. Research progress of sugar-free tissue culture technology in China. Rural practical engineering technology: greenhouse gardening. 2005 (7). -24-